Pressure Support Ventilation Versus T-piece as Spontaneous Breathing Trials for Extubation of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Weaning patients with COPD from mechanical ventilation (MV) presents a challenge, as literature on this topic is limited. This study compares PSV and T-piece during spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) in this specific population. METHODS: A search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane in September 2023 yielded four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) encompassing 560 patients. Among these, 287 (51%) used T-piece during SBTs. RESULTS: The PSV group demonstrated a significant improvement in the successful extubation rate compared to the T-piece (risk ratio [RR] 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.26; p = 0.02). Otherwise, there was no statistically significant difference in the reintubation (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.79-1.45; p = 0.67) or the ICU mortality rates (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.63-1.55; p = 0.95). CONCLUSION: Although PSV in SBTs exhibits superior extubation success, consistent weaning protocols warrant further exploration through additional studies.

Outcomes of cancer patients admitted to Brazilian intensive care units with severe acute kidney injury. / Desfecho de pacientes com câncer internados em unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras com lesão renal aguda.

OBJECTIVES: Critically ill cancer patients are at increased risk for acute kidney injury, but studies on these patients are scarce and were all single centered conducted in specialized intensive care units. The objective was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes in a prospective cohort of cancer patients admitted to several intensive care units with acute kidney injury. METHODS: Prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in intensive care units from 28 hospitals in Brazil over a two-month period. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with hospital mortality. RESULTS: Out of all 717 intensive care unit admissions, 87 (12%) had acute kidney injury and 36% of them received renal replacement therapy. Kidney injury developed more frequently in patients with hematological malignancies than in patients with solid tumors (26% vs. 11%, P=0.003). Ischemia/shock (76%) and sepsis (67%) were the main contributing factor for and kidney injury was multifactorial in 79% of the patients. Hospital mortality was 71%. General and renal-specific severity-of-illness scores were inaccurate in predicting outcomes for these patients. In a multivariate analysis, length of hospital stay prior to intensive care unit, acute organ dysfunctions, need for mechanical ventilation and a poor performance status were associated with increased mortality. Moreover, cancer-related characteristics were not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that intensive care units admission and advanced life-support should be considered in selected critically ill cancer patients with kidney injury.

Pulmonary artery rupture by the Swan-Ganz catheter: case report. / Ruptura da artéria pulmonar pelo cateter de Swan-Ganz: relato de caso.

Pulmonary artery catheter is frequently used to monitor patients during liver transplantation. Recently developed less invasive methods for estimating cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure together with the failure of randomized studies to demonstrate reduced mortality in pulmonary artery catheter-monitored patients, has restricted its applicability. Pulmonary artery rupture by pulmonary artery catheter is a rare, but dangerous complication. The purpose of this report is to describe a pulmonary artery rupture caused by monitorization with a pulmonary artery catheter, reviewing the clinical approach and discussing hemodynamic monitoring with the pulmonary artery catheter during liver transplantation. A 56 year old female patient, with cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus (MELD score 26) presented with acute hepatic encephalopathy. She was medicated and received a liver transplantation with invasive monitoring with a pulmonary artery catheter. In the first 24 hours after surgery, the patient presented with hemodynamic instability, low hematocrit, and cardiorespiratory arrest. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemopericardium was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography and even after pericardiocentesis the patient developed recurrent hemopericardium. Pulmonary angiography did not disclose large vessellesions. The pulmonary artery rupture diagnosis was only made after sternotomy and direct lesion observation. Complications from use of pulmonary artery catheter are infrequent, however, due to their clinical severity, can cause high morbidity and mortality. A decreased use of pulmonary artery catheter reduced the number of complications observed. New clinical studies comparing pulmonary artery catheter with non-invasive methods for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measurement must be conducted in liver transplantation.

Use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and spinal anesthesia during hip replacement arthroplasty in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: case report. / Uso da ventilação não-invasiva e anestesia espinhal durante artroplastia de quadril de paciente com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica avançada: relato de caso.

Anesthetic management of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is extensively discussed, due to the high rates of complications in this subtype of patients submitted to medium and high complexity surgical procedures. The objective of this study is to report use of noninvasive positive pressure mechanical ventilation - bilevel positive airway pressure - and spinal anesthesia in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during total hip arthroplasty. An 81 year old, male patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD 4) was submitted to total hip arthroplasty due to a femoral bone fracture under spinal anestesia and noninvasive positive pressure mechanical ventilation-bilevel positive airway pressure with expiratory pressure of 7 cmH2O, inspiratory pressure of 15 cmH2O and O2 flow of 3 L/min. During the procedure, the patient had one episode of bronchospasm that was promptly reverted pharmacologically with no complications in the postoperative period. The combination of less invasive anesthetic and ventilation techniques is easy to apply and may be useful in the perioperative management of patients with high anesthetic morbidity. Interaction between clinical, surgical and anesthetic teams for these cases is very important to reduce the mortality associated with extensive procedures in severe patients.

Desfecho de pacientes com câncer internados em unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras com lesão renal aguda / Outcomes of cancer patients admitted to Brazilian intensive care units with severe acute kidney injury

OBJETIVOS: Pacientes com câncer criticamente enfermos têm maior risco de lesão renal aguda, mas estudos envolvendo estes pacientes são escassos, e todos em centros únicos e realizados em unidades de terapia intensiva especializadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características e desfechos em uma coorte prospectiva de pacientes de câncer internados em diversas unidades de terapia intensiva com lesão renal aguda. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo multicêntrico de coorte realizado em unidades de terapia intensiva de 28 hospitais brasileiros em um período de dois meses. Foram utilizadas regressões logísticas univariada e multivariada para identificar os fatores associados a mortalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Dentre todas as 717 internações a unidades de terapia intensiva, 87 (12 por cento) tiveram lesão renal aguda e 36 por cento deles receberam terapia de substituição renal. A lesão renal se desenvolveu mais frequentemente em pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas do que em pacientes com tumores sólidos (26 por cento x 11 por cento; p=0,003). Isquemia/choque (76 por cento) e sepse (67 por cento) foram os principais fatores associados à lesão renal, e esta foi multifatorial em 79 por cento dos pacientes. A letalidade hospitalar foi de 71 por cento. Os escores de gravidade gerais e específicos para pacientes com lesão renal, foram imprecisos para predizer o prognóstico nestes pacientes. Na análise multivariada, a duração da internação hospitalar antes da unidade de terapia intensiva, disfunções orgânicas agudas, necessidade de ventilação mecânica e um performance status comprometido associaram-se à maior letalidade. Mais ainda, características relacionadas ao câncer não se associaram com os desfechos. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo demonstra que internação na unidade de terapia intensiva e suporte avançado à vida devem ser considerados em pacientes selecionados de câncer criticamente enfermos com lesão renal.

OBJECTIVES: Critically ill cancer patients are at increased risk for acute kidney injury, but studies on these patients are scarce and were all single centered conducted in specialized intensive care units. The objective was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes in a prospective cohort of cancer patients admitted to several intensive care units with acute kidney injury. METHODS: Prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in intensive care units from 28 hospitals in Brazil over a two-month period. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with hospital mortality. RESULTS: Out of all 717 intensive care unit admissions, 87 (12 percent) had acute kidney injury and 36 percent of them received renal replacement therapy. Kidney injury developed more frequently in patients with hematological malignancies than in patients with solid tumors (26 percent vs. 11 percent, P=0.003). Ischemia/shock (76 percent) and sepsis (67 percent) were the main contributing factor for and kidney injury was multifactorial in 79 percent of the patients. Hospital mortality was 71 percent. General and renal-specific severity-of-illness scores were inaccurate in predicting outcomes for these patients. In a multivariate analysis, length of hospital stay prior to intensive care unit, acute organ dysfunctions, need for mechanical ventilation and a poor performance status were associated with increased mortality. Moreover, cancer-related characteristics were not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that intensive care units admission and advanced life-support should be considered in selected critically ill cancer patients with kidney injury.

Ruptura da artéria pulmonar pelo cateter de Swan-Ganz: relato de caso / Pulmonary artery rupture by the Swan-Ganz catheter: case report

O cateter de artéria pulmonar é frequentemente usado na monitorização de pacientes durante o transplante hepático. O advento de métodos menos invasivos para estimar o débito cardíaco e a pressão de oclusão da artéria pulmonar, aliado ao fracasso de estudos randomizados em demonstrar redução da mortalidade com o uso do cateter de artéria pulmonar, reduziu sua aplicabilidade. A ruptura de artéria pulmonar pelo uso do cateter de artéria pulmonar é complicação rara, porém grave. Objetivamos relatar a ruptura de artéria pulmonar como complicação do cateter de artéria pulmonar, revendo a abordagem clínica e discutindo a monitorização hemodinâmica com o cateter de artéria pulmonar no transplante hepático. Paciente do sexo feminino, 56 anos, portadora de vírus da hepatite C e cirrose (escore MELD 26), apresentou quadro de encefalopatia hepática. Foi realizado transplante hepático sob monitorização invasiva com cateter de artéria pulmonar. Nas primeiras 24 horas pós-operatórias apresentou instabilidade hemodinâmica, queda do hematócrito e parada cárdio-respiratória. Após a ressuscitação cárdio-pulmonar, foi solicitado um ecocardiograma trans-torácico que evidenciou hemopericárdio. Mesmo após a pericardiocentese a paciente evoluiu com hemopericárdio recidivo. A angiografia pulmonar não evidenciou lesões e o diagnóstico de ruptura de artéria pulmonar só foi feito através da esternotomia exploratória. As complicações pelo uso do cateter de artéria pulmonar são infrequentes, entretanto associadas a grande morbimortalidade. A redução do uso do cateter de artéria pulmonar diminuiu as complicações em diversas situações clínicas, entretanto o risco-benefício do uso do cateter de artéria pulmonar para transplante de fígado não é conhecido. Novos estudos comparando o cateter de artéria pulmonar a métodos não invasivos da avaliação da pressão de oclusão da artéria pulmonar devem ser realizados no transplante hepático.

Pulmonary artery catheter is frequently used to monitor patients during liver transplantation. Recently developed less invasive methods for estimating cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure together with the failure of randomized studies to demonstrate reduced mortality in pulmonary artery catheter-monitored patients, has restricted its applicability. Pulmonary artery rupture by pulmonary artery catheter is a rare, but dangerous complication. The purpose of this report is to describe a pulmonary artery rupture caused by monitorization with a pulmonary artery catheter, reviewing the clinical approach and discussing hemodynamic monitoring with the pulmonary artery catheter during liver transplantation. A 56 year old female patient, with cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus (MELD score 26) presented with acute hepatic encephalopathy. She was medicated and received a liver transplantation with invasive monitoring with a pulmonary artery catheter. In the first 24 hours after surgery, the patient presented with hemodynamic instability, low hematocrit, and cardiorespiratory arrest. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemopericardium was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography and even after pericardiocentesis the patient developed recurrent hemopericardium. Pulmonary angiography did not disclose large vessellesions. The pulmonary artery rupture diagnosis was only made after sternotomy and direct lesion observation. Complications from use of pulmonary artery catheter are infrequent, however, due to their clinical severity, can cause high morbidity and mortality. A decreased use of pulmonary artery catheter reduced the number of complications observed. New clinical studies comparing pulmonary artery catheter with non-invasive methods for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measurement must be conducted in liver transplantation.

Uso da ventilação não-invasiva e anestesia espinhal durante artroplastia de quadril de paciente com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica avançada: relato de caso / Use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and spinal anesthesia during hip replacement arthroplasty in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: case report

O manuseio anestésico de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica grave é extensamente discutido devido ao elevado número de complicações destes pacientes, quando submetidos à procedimentos cirúrgicos de médio e grande porte. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de paciente idoso portador de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica grave e coronariopatia, submetido a artroplastia de quadril sob anestesia espinhal e suporte intra-operatório de ventilação mecânica não-invasiva - bilevel positive airway pressure.. Paciente do sexo masculino, 81 anos, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica grave (GOLD 4), submetido à artroplastia de quadril devido à fratura de fêmur sob anestesia espinhal e suporte intra-operatório de ventilação mecânica não invasiva - bilevel positive airway pressure, sob parâmetros de pressão expiratória de 7 cmH2O, pressão inspiratória 15 cmH2O e fluxo de O2 de 3 L/min. Apresentou um episódio de broncoespasmo, revertido farmacologicamente, sem apresentar complicações no pós-operatório. A combinação de técnica anestésica regional com ventilação mecânica não-invasiva é de fácil aplicação e pode ser útil no intraoperatório destes pacientes de alto risco anestésico. A interação entre a equipe clínica, cirúrgica e de anestesia propiciou benefícios e reduz a morbimortalidade associada a procedimentos de grande porte em pacientes graves.

Anesthetic management of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is extensively discussed, due to the high rates of complications in this subtype of patients submitted to medium and high complexity surgical procedures. The objective of this study is to report use of noninvasive positive pressure mechanical ventilation - bilevel positive airway pressure - and spinal anesthesia in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during total hip arthroplasty. An 81 year old, male patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD 4) was submitted to total hip arthroplasty due to a femoral bone fracture under spinal anestesia and noninvasive positive pressure mechanical ventilation-bilevel positive airway pressure with expiratory pressure of 7 cmH2O, inspiratory pressure of 15 cmH2O and O2 flow of 3 L/min. During the procedure, the patient had one episode of bronchospasm that was promptly reverted pharmacologically with no complications in the postoperative period. The combination of less invasive anesthetic and ventilation techniques is easy to apply and may be useful in the perioperative management of patients with high anesthetic morbidity. Interaction between clinical, surgical and anesthetic teams for these cases is very important to reduce the mortality associated with extensive procedures in severe patients.