Non-canonical odor coding in the mosquito.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are a persistent human foe, transmitting arboviruses including dengue when they feed on human blood. Mosquitoes are intensely attracted to body odor and carbon dioxide, which they detect using ionotropic chemosensory receptors encoded by three large multi-gene families. Genetic mutations that disrupt the olfactory system have modest effects on human attraction, suggesting redundancy in odor coding. The canonical view is that olfactory sensory neurons each express a single chemosensory receptor that defines its ligand selectivity. We discovered that Ae. aegypti uses a different organizational principle, with many neurons co-expressing multiple chemosensory receptor genes. In vivo electrophysiology demonstrates that the broad ligand-sensitivity of mosquito olfactory neurons depends on this non-canonical co-expression. The redundancy afforded by an olfactory system in which neurons co-express multiple chemosensory receptors may increase the robustness of the mosquito olfactory system and explain our long-standing inability to disrupt the detection of humans by mosquitoes.

Reverse chemical ecology in a moth: machine learning on odorant receptors identifies new behaviorally active agonists.

The concept of reverse chemical ecology (exploitation of molecular knowledge for chemical ecology) has recently emerged in conservation biology and human health. Here, we extend this concept to crop protection. Targeting odorant receptors from a crop pest insect, the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis, we demonstrate that reverse chemical ecology has the potential to accelerate the discovery of novel crop pest insect attractants and repellents. Using machine learning, we first predicted novel natural ligands for two odorant receptors, SlitOR24 and 25. Then, electrophysiological validation proved in silico predictions to be highly sensitive, as 93% and 67% of predicted agonists triggered a response in Drosophila olfactory neurons expressing SlitOR24 and SlitOR25, respectively, despite a lack of specificity. Last, when tested in Y-maze behavioral assays, the most active novel ligands of the receptors were attractive to caterpillars. This work provides a template for rational design of new eco-friendly semiochemicals to manage crop pest populations.

Post-acquisition effects of viruses on vector behavior are important components of manipulation strategies.

A growing number of studies suggest that plant viruses manipulate host plant phenotypes to increase transmission-conducive behaviors by vectors. Studies on this phenomenon frequently omit examination of interactions that occur after vectors acquire virions, which provides an incomplete understanding of the ecology of plant virus manipulation. Here, by taking a full factorial approach that considered both the infection status of the host (Montia perfoliata) and viruliferous status of the aphid (Myzus persicae), we explored the effects of a circulative, non-propagative virus (Turnip yellows virus [TuYV]) on a suite of behavior and performance metrics that are relevant for virus transmission. Our results demonstrate that viruliferous aphids exhibited an increased velocity of movement and increased activity levels in locomotor and dispersal-retention assays. They also had increased fecundity and showed a capacity to more efficiently exploit resources by taking less time to reach the phloem and ingesting more sap, regardless of plant infection status. In contrast, non-viruliferous aphids only exhibited enhanced fecundity and biomass on TuYV-infected hosts, and had overall reduced dispersal and locomotor activity relative to viruliferous aphids. In this pathosystem, post-acquisition effects were stronger and more conducive to virus transmission than the purely pre-acquisition effects mediated by virus effects on the host plant. Our study provides additional support for the hypothesis that virus manipulation of vector behavior includes both pre- and post-acquisition effects and demonstrates the importance of considering both components when studying putative virus manipulation strategies.

Does message framing matter for promoting the use of nutritional warnings in decision making?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of message framing on attitudes towards messages aimed at promoting the use of nutritional warnings, behavioural intention and actual behaviour, evaluated through visual attention to nutritional warnings and the choice of a snack product during a real choice task. DESIGN: Following a between-subjects design, participants were exposed to loss-framed nutrition messages, gain-framed nutrition messages or non-nutrition-related messages (control group). After evaluating the messages, participants were asked to select a snack product as a compensation for their participation. The experiment was conducted using an eye tracker. SETTING: Montevideo (Uruguay). PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 201 people (18-51 years old, 58 % female). RESULTS: The average percentage of participants who fixated their gaze on the nutritional warnings during the choice task was slightly but significantly higher for participants who attended to nutrition messages (regardless of their framing) compared with the control group. Participants who attended to loss-framed messages fixated their gaze on the warnings for the longest period of time. In addition, the healthfulness of the snack choices was higher for participants exposed to nutrition-related messages compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present work suggest that nutrition messages aimed at increasing awareness of nutritional warnings may increase consumers' visual attention and encourage more heathful choices. The framing of the messages only had a minor effect on their efficacy.

Estimation of Symmetric Channels for Discrete Cosine Transform Type-I Multicarrier Systems: A Compressed Sensing Approach.

The problem of channel estimation for multicarrier communications is addressed. We focus on systems employing the Discrete Cosine Transform Type-I (DCT1) even at both the transmitter and the receiver, presenting an algorithm which achieves an accurate estimation of symmetric channel filters using only a small number of training symbols. The solution is obtained by using either matrix inversion or compressed sensing algorithms. We provide the theoretical results which guarantee the validity of the proposed technique for the DCT1. Numerical simulations illustrate the good behaviour of the proposed algorithm.

Sustainable Dengue Prevention and Management: Integrating Dengue Vaccination Strategies with Population Perspectives.

The GEMKAP study (2023) unveiled consistent knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) levels across Asia-Pacific (APAC) and Latin America (LATAM) countries regarding dengue, with variations in the willingness to vaccinate. Despite an overall KAP parity, the disparities within and between the countries indicated the need for both overarching and tailored strategies. Population-wide gaps in dengue awareness result in suboptimal vaccination priorities and preventive measures. This commentary delves into identifying the drivers and barriers for implementing a multi-pronged dengue prevention and management program, emphasizing the pivotal role of vaccination alongside education and vector control. Drawing on expert interviews in APAC and LATAM, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), four key themes emerged: prioritizing and continuously advocating for dengue on national health agendas, fostering stakeholder collaboration, incorporating population perspectives for behavioral change, and designing sustainable dengue prevention and management programs. Successful implementation requires evidence-based decision making and a comprehensive understanding of population dynamics to design adaptive education tailored to diverse population views. This commentary provides actionable strategies for enhancing dengue prevention and management, with a pronounced emphasis on dengue vaccination, advocating for a holistic, population-centric approach for sustained effectiveness.

Genetic characterization and estimated 4CMenB vaccine strain coverage of 284 Neisseria meningitidis isolates causing invasive meningococcal disease in Argentina in 2010-2014.

Meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) serogroup B (MenB) strain antigens are diverse and a limited number of strains can be evaluated using the human serum bactericidal antibody (hSBA) assay. The genetic Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (gMATS) was developed to predict the likelihood of coverage for large numbers of isolates by the 4CMenB vaccine, which includes antigens Neisseria adhesin A (NadA), Neisserial Heparin-Binding Antigen (NHBA), factor H-binding protein (fHbp), and Porin A (PorA). In this study, we characterized by whole-genome analyses 284 invasive MenB isolates collected from 2010 to 2014 by the Argentinian National Laboratories Network (52-61 isolates per year). Strain coverage was estimated by gMATS on all isolates and by hSBA assay on 74 randomly selected isolates, representative of the whole panel. The four most common clonal complexes (CCs), accounting for 81.3% of isolates, were CC-865 (75 isolates, 26.4%), CC-32 (59, 20.8%), CC-35 (59, 20.8%), and CC-41/44 (38, 13.4%). Vaccine antigen genotyping showed diversity. The most prevalent variants/peptides were fHbp variant 2, NHBA peptides 24, 21, and 2, and PorA variable region 2 profiles 16-36 and 14. The nadA gene was present in 66 (23.2%) isolates. Estimated strain coverage by hSBA assay showed 78.4% of isolates were killed by pooled adolescent sera, and 51.4% and 64.9% (based on two different thresholds) were killed by pooled infant sera. Estimated coverage by gMATS (61.3%; prediction interval: 55.5%, 66.7%) was consistent with the infant hSBA assay results. Continued genomic surveillance is needed to evaluate the persistence of major MenB CCs in Argentina.

The most common clinical manifestations of invasive meningococcal disease include meningitis and septicemia, which can be deadly, and many survivors suffer long-term serious after-effects. Most cases of invasive meningococcal disease are caused by six meningococcal serogroups (types), including serogroup B. Although vaccines are available against meningococcal serogroup B infection, these vaccines target antigens that are highly diverse. Consequently, the effectiveness of vaccination may vary from country to country because the meningococcal serogroup B strains circulating in particular regions carry different forms of the target vaccine antigens. This means it is important to test serogroup B strains isolated from specific populations to estimate the percentage of strains that a vaccine is likely to be effective against (known as 'vaccine strain coverage'). The genetic Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (gMATS) was developed to predict strain coverage by the four-component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine, 4CMenB, against large numbers of serogroup B strains. In this study, we analyzed 284 invasive meningococcal serogroup B isolates collected between 2010 and 2014 in Argentina. Genetic analyses showed that the vaccine antigens of the isolates were diverse and some genetic characteristics had not been found in isolates from other countries. However, vaccine strain coverage estimated by gMATS was consistent with that reported in other parts of the world and with strain coverage results obtained for a subset via another method, the human serum bactericidal antibody (hSBA) assay. These results highlight the need for continued monitoring of circulating bacterial strains to assess the estimated strain coverage of meningococcal serogroup B vaccines.

Bactericidal killing of meningococcal W strains isolated in Argentina by the sera of adolescents and infants immunized with 4-component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB).

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a life-threatening disease caused by meningococcal serogroups A, B, C, W, X, and Y, of which B and W are most common in Argentina. The 4-component meningococcal serogroup B (4CMenB) vaccine contains three purified recombinant protein antigens (Neisseria adhesin A [NadA], factor H binding protein [fHbp], and Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen [NHBA]) and outer membrane vesicles (OMV), which is derived from the New Zealand epidemic strain and contains Porin A 1.4. These antigens are present and conserved in strains that belong to other serogroups. In this study, we show that 10/11 (91%) meningococcal serogroup W (MenW) strains selected to be representative of MenW isolates that caused IMD in Argentina during 2010-2011 were killed in bactericidal assays by the sera of adolescents and infants who had been immunized with the 4CMenB vaccine. We also show that MenW strains that caused IMD in Argentina during 2018-2021 were genetically similar to the earlier strains, indicating that the 4CMenB vaccine would likely still provide protection against current MenW strains. These data highlight the potential of 4CMenB vaccination to protect adolescents and infants against MenW strains that are endemic in Argentina.

[Neonatal ophthalmia caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type I]. / Oftalmía neonatal causada por Virus Herpes Simple tipo I.

There are different etiologies of neonatal ophthalmia such as viral ones. Among them, the Herpes simplex virus, both type I and II, is particularly relevant due to its potential severity. It is a rare, in frequent entity, but with a high rate of morbidity and mortality without appropriate diagnosis and management. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of neonatal ophthalmia caused by Herpes Virus type I, its clinical characteristics, and correct diagnosis. CLINICAL CASE: 8-days old newborn, with no notable history, presenting edema and erythema of eyelids, accompanied by bilateral ocular discharge. Her pes Virus type I infection was diagnosed by PCR, without evidence of disseminated disease or central nervous system involvement. He received full treatment with intravenous Acyclovir with complete clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Herpes Simplex Virus should always be considered as a diffe rential diagnosis in all neonatal ophthalmia. Early and timely diagnosis and treatment are of vital importance.

Baculovirus infection affects caterpillar chemoperception.

Baculoviruses are double-stranded DNA entomopathogenic viruses that infect predominantly insects of the order Lepidoptera. Research in the last decade has started to disentangle the mechanisms underlying the insect-virus interaction, particularly focusing on the effects of the baculovirus infection in the host's physiology. Among crucial physiological functions, olfaction has a key role in reproductive tasks, food source detection and enemy avoidance. In this work, we describe that Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) induces expression changes in some odorant receptors (ORs) - the centrepiece of insect's olfaction - when infecting larvae from its natural host Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Different ORs are up-regulated in larvae after SeMNPV infection, and two of them, SexiOR35 and SexiOR23, were selected for further functional characterization by heterologous expression in empty neurons of Drosophila melanogaster coupled to single-sensillum recordings. SexiOR35 appears to be a broadly tuned receptor able to recognise multiple and different chemical compounds. SexiOR23, although correctly expressed in Drosophila neurons, did not display any significant response to a panel of 58 stimuli. Behavioural experiments revealed that larvae infected by SeMNPV exhibit altered olfactory-driven behaviour to diet when it is supplemented with the plant volatiles linalool or estragole, two of the main SexiOR35 ligands, supporting the hypothesis that viral infection triggers changes in host perception through changes in the expression level of specific ORs.

Synthesis of Bamboo-like Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Itaconic Acid)/NaOH Composite Hydrogel and its Potential Application for Electrochemical Detection of Cadmium(II).

A poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) (PAA-co-IA)/NaOH hydrogel containing bamboo-type multiwall carbon nanotubes (B-MWCNTs) doped with nitrogen (PAA-co-IA/NaOH/B-MWCNTs) was synthesized and characterized by SEM, absorption of water, point of zero charges, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The possible use of the PAA-co-IA/NaOH/B-MWCNT hydrogel as an electrode modifier and pre-concentrator agent for Cd(II) sensing purposes was then evaluated using carbon paste electrodes via differential pulse voltammetry. The presence of the B-MWCNTs in the hydrogel matrix decreased its degree of swelling, stabilized the structure of the swollen gel, and favored the detection of 3 ppb Cd(II), which is comparable to the World Health Organization's allowable maximum value in drinking water. A calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 2.67 × 10-8 to 6.23 × 10-7 M (i.e., 3 and 70 ppb) to determine a limit of detection (LOD) of 19.24 µgL-1 and a sensitivity of 0.15 µC ppb-1. Also, the Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions interfered moderately on the determination of Cd(II).

Machine learning decodes chemical features to identify novel agonists of a moth odorant receptor.

Odorant receptors expressed at the peripheral olfactory organs are key proteins for animal volatile sensing. Although they determine the odor space of a given species, their functional characterization is a long process and remains limited. To date, machine learning virtual screening has been used to predict new ligands for such receptors in both mammals and insects, using chemical features of known ligands. In insects, such approach is yet limited to Diptera, whereas insect odorant receptors are known to be highly divergent between orders. Here, we extend this strategy to a Lepidoptera receptor, SlitOR25, involved in the recognition of attractive odorants in the crop pest Spodoptera littoralis larvae. Virtual screening of 3 million molecules predicted 32 purchasable ones whose function has been systematically tested on SlitOR25, revealing 11 novel agonists with a success rate of 28%. Our results show that Support Vector Machine optimizes the discovery of novel agonists and expands the chemical space of a Lepidoptera OR. More, it opens up structure-function relationship analyses through a comparison of the agonist chemical structures. This proof-of-concept in a crop pest could ultimately enable the identification of OR agonists or antagonists, capable of modifying olfactory behaviors in a context of biocontrol.

Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey.

PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHOD: A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020. RESULTS: We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 h (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted.

Insect chemical ecology: chemically mediated interactions and novel applications in agriculture.

Insect chemical ecology (ICE) evolved as a discipline concerned with plant-insect interactions, and also with a strong focus on intraspecific pheromone-mediated communication. Progress in this field has rendered a more complete picture of how insects exploit chemical information in their surroundings in order to survive and navigate their world successfully. Simultaneously, this progress has prompted new research questions about the evolution of insect chemosensation and related ecological adaptations, molecular mechanisms that mediate commonly observed behaviors, and the consequences of chemically mediated interactions in different ecosystems. Themed meetings, workshops, and summer schools are ideal platforms for discussing scientific advancements as well as identifying gaps and challenges within the discipline. From the 11th to the 22nd of June 2018, the 11th annual PhD course in ICE was held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Alnarp, Sweden. The course was made up of 35 student participants from 22 nationalities (Fig. 1a) as well as 32 lecturers. Lectures and laboratory demonstrations were supported by literature seminars, and four broad research areas were covered: (1) multitrophic interactions and plant defenses, (2) chemical communication focusing on odor sensing, processing, and behavior, (3) disease vectors, and (4) applied aspects of basic ICE research in agriculture. This particular article contains a summary and brief synthesis of these main emergent themes and discussions from the ICE 2018 course. In addition, we also provide suggestions on teaching the next generation of ICE scientists, especially during unprecedented global situations.

O eu em nós: marcas e aproximações de uma diretora no processo psicoterápico / The self in us: marks and approaches of a director in the psychotherapeutic process / El yo dentro de nosotros: marcas y enfoques de una directora en el proceso psicoterapêutico

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi aprofundar as marcas e aproximações de uma diretora no processo psicoterápico. Trata-se de um estudo de caso psicodramático utilizando o registro documental de sessões de psicoterapia bipessoal de três pacientes atendidas anteriormente pela primeira autora e os relatos da própria autora sobre suas percepções nos atendimentos. Foram apresentadas reflexões que demonstram resultados positivos sobre as aproximações na relação psicoterapêutica mediante o humor, a poesia e a música como formas de conexão entre psicodramatista e cliente.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to deepen the approaches and distances of a director in the psychotherapeutic process. This is a psychodramatic case study that used the documentary record of bipersonal psychotherapy sessions of three patients previously attended by the first author and the author's own reports about her perceptions in the sessions. Reflections were presented that demonstrate positive results regarding the approaches in the therapeutic relationship, using humor, poetry, and music as means of connection between the psychodramatist and the client.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue profundizar los acercamientos y distancias de una directora en el proceso psicoterapéutico. Se trata de un estudio de caso psicodramático utilizando el registro documental de sesiones de psicoterapia bipersonal de tres pacientes atendidos previamente por la primera autora y los relatos de la propia autora sobre sus percepciones en las sesiones. Se presentaron reflexiones que demuestran resultados positivos en relación a las aproximaciones en la relación terapéutica, utilizando el humor, la poesía y la música como formas de conexión entre el psicodramatista y el cliente.

A novel lineage of candidate pheromone receptors for sex communication in moths.

Sex pheromone receptors (PRs) are key players in chemical communication between mating partners in insects. In the highly diversified insect order Lepidoptera, male PRs tuned to female-emitted type I pheromones (which make up the vast majority of pheromones identified) form a dedicated subfamily of odorant receptors (ORs). Here, using a combination of heterologous expression and in vivo genome editing methods, we bring functional evidence that at least one moth PR does not belong to this subfamily but to a distantly related OR lineage. This PR, identified in the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, is highly expressed in male antennae and is specifically tuned to the major sex pheromone component emitted by females. Together with a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of moth ORs, our functional data suggest two independent apparitions of PRs tuned to type I pheromones in Lepidoptera, opening up a new path for studying the evolution of moth pheromone communication.

O feminino em jogo: a concepção de mundo de mulheres gamers / The feminine at the game: the conception of the world of women gamers / Lo femenino en juego: la creación del mundo de las mujeres gamers

RESUMO Nesta investigação, buscou-se compreender a concepção de mundo das mulheres gamers, no sentido das relações e dos papéis sociais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa sociodramática, que transita entre pesquisa-intervenção e pesquisa-ação crítica, realizada com um grupo composto de quatro mulheres que se autodeclaram gamers e que foram acessadas de forma sociométrica (método snowball). A análise dos dados ocorreu com base nos preceitos epistemológicos e teóricos da socionomia e da pedagogia psicodramática. Como resultados, destacam-se as conservas culturais trazidas pelas mulheres em relação ao ser mulher nos games e como adversidades de que maneira a sexualização dos corpos, o assédio, a diminuição do feminino e outras violências são repetidos nos jogos eletrônicos.

ABSTRACT This research sought to understand the conception of the world of women gamers, in the sense of relationships and social roles. It is a sociodramatic investigation, which transits between intervention research and critical action research, carried out with a group composed of four women who declare themselves gamers and who were accessed in a sociometric way (snowball method). Data analysis was carried out from the epistemological and theoretical precepts of socionomy and psychodramatic pedagogy. As a result, the cultural conserves brought by women in relation to being a woman in games stand out, as well as how adversities such as the sexualization of bodies, harassment, the reduction of feminine and other violences are repeated in electronic games.

RESUMEN Esta investigación buscó comprender la concepción del mundo de las mujeres gamers, en el sentido de las relaciones y roles sociales. Se trató de una investigación sociodramática, que transita entre la investigación intervención y la investigación acción crítica, realizada con un grupo compuesto por cuatro mujeres que se declaran gamers - accedido de forma sociométrica (método bola de nieve). El análisis de datos se realizó a partir de los preceptos epistemológicos y teóricos de la Socionomía y la pedagogía psicodramática. Como resultado, se destacan las conservas culturales que traen las mujeres en relación al ser mujer en los juegos y cómo adversidades como la sexualización de los cuerpos, el acoso, la reducción de la violencia femenina y otras, se repiten en los juegos electrónicos.

Representações sociais de psicoterapia on-line para psicólogos clínicos na pandemia Covid-19 / Social representations of online psychotherapy for clinical psychologists in the Covid-19 pandemic / Representaciones sociales de la psicoterapia en línea para psicólogos clínicos en la pandemia de Covid-19

OBJETIVO: Os serviços tecnológicos tiveram um crescimento exponencialmente acelerado nos últimos anos, principalmente com a chegada da pandemia coronavírus. Entre esses serviços estão aqueles relacionados à saúde, como a psicoterapia on-line. OBJETIVO: Esse estudo buscou compreender as representações sociais associadas ao atendimento on-line pelos psicólogos clínicos. MÉTODO: Utilizou-se como instrumentos: 1) teste de associação livre de palavras para investigação das representações sociais da psicoterapia on-line; 2) questionário semiestruturado para investigação das práticas sociais e atitudes relativas ao objeto; 3) questionário contendo questões de caracterização dos participantes e itens sobre o posicionamento atitudinal frente ao objeto. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os participantes foram 151 psicólogos residentes no Brasil, acessados pela técnica snowball. Para análise utilizou-se os softwares SPSS, EVOC 2000 e IRaMuTeQ. Como resultados pode-se destacar a representação social da psicoterapia online muito relacionada a aspectos de facilidade, acesso e conexão, que parecem estar relacionadas a possibilidades de alcance de alguns grupos sociais, atrelados ao vínculo e acolhimento necessários neste serviço. Estas representações aparecem também como ancoradas nas de psicoterapia presencial. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que no momento desta pesquisa os profissionais estavam voltados à adaptação da psicoterapia presencial para a psicoterapia on-line e destaca-se a importância da ampliação dos conhecimentos sobre esse novo setting psicoterapêutico.

OBJECTIVE: Technological services have grown exponentially in recent years, especially with the arrival of the coronavirus pandemic. Among these services are those related to health, such as online psychotherapy. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to understand the social representations associated with online care by clinical psychologists. METHOD: The following instruments were used: 1) free word association test to investigate social representations of online psychotherapy; 2) a semi-structured questionnaire to investigate social practices and attitudes related to the object; 3) a questionnaire containing questions about the characterization of the participants and items about the attitudinal position towards the object. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The participants were 151 psychologists residing in Brazil, accessed through the snowball technique. For analysis, SPSS, EVOC 2000 and IRaMuTeQ software were used. As a result, the social representation of online psychotherapy can be highlighted, which is closely related to aspects of ease, access and connection, which seem to be related to the possibilities of reaching some social groups, linked to the bond and welcome needed in this service. These representations also seem to be anchored in face-to-face psychotherapy. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that at the time of this research, professionals were focused on adapting face-to-face psychotherapy to online psychotherapy, and the importance of expanding knowledge about this new psychotherapeutic setting is highlighted.

OBJETIVO: Los servicios tecnológicos han crecido exponencialmente en los últimos años, especialmente con la llegada de la pandemia del coronavirus. Entre estos servicios se encuentran los relacionados con la salud, como la psicoterapia en línea. OBJETIVO: Este estudio buscó comprender las representaciones sociales asociadas a la atención en línea por parte de psicólogos clínicos. MÉTODO: Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: 1) prueba de asociación de palabras libres para investigar las representaciones sociales de la psicoterapia en línea; 2) cuestionario semiestructurado para investigar prácticas y actitudes sociales relacionadas con el objeto; 3) cuestionario que contiene preguntas sobre la caracterización de los participantes e ítems sobre la posición actitudinal hacia el objeto. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Los participantes fueron 151 psicólogos residentes en Brasil, accedidos a través de la técnica de bola de nieve. Para el análisis se utilizaron los software SPSS, EVOC 2000 e IRaMuTeQ. Como resultado, se puede destacar la representación social de la psicoterapia en línea, que está íntimamente relacionada con aspectos de facilidad, acceso y conexión, que parecen estar relacionados con las posibilidades de llegar a algunos grupos sociales, ligados al vínculo y acogida que se necesita en este servicio. Estas representaciones también parecen estar ancladas en la psicoterapia cara a cara. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que en el momento de esta investigación, los profesionales estaban enfocados en adaptar la psicoterapia presencial a la psicoterapia en línea, y se destaca la importancia de ampliar el conocimiento sobre este nuevo escenario psicoterapéutico.

Contribuições do psicodrama bipessoal sobre as masculinidades / Contributions of bipersonal psychodrama on masculinities / Aportes del psicodrama bipersonal sobre las masculinidades

INTRODUÇÃO: O papel de homem perpassa muitas construções sociais e é atravessado por conservas culturais diversas, inclusive de uma masculinidade hegemônica. OBJETIVO: Este artigo objetivou compreender as contribuições do psicodrama bipessoal nas conservas culturais relacionadas à masculinidade. MÉTODO: Por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, foram analisados os registros profissionais de recortes de sessões de dois homens adultos com demandas psicológicas relacionadas às masculinidades, sendo uma pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa e psicodramática. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Através do psicodrama bipessoal, foi possível conhecer algumas conservas culturais associadas ao papel de homem e como estas influenciavam em uma masculinidade dividida entre estereótipos e demonstração ou não de vulnerabilidades. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Nesse sentido, o psicodrama bipessoal contribuiu como forma de acesso a respostas espontâneas na busca por uma masculinidade com menor sofrimento psicológico.

INTRODUCTION: The role of man permeates many social constructions and is crossed by different cultural preserves, including hegemonic masculinity. OBJECTIVE: This article aimed to understand the contributions of bipersonal psychodrama in cultural preservations related to masculinity. METHOD: Through action research, professional records of session excerpts from two adult men with psychological demands related to masculinities were analyzed, using a descriptive, qualitative, and psychodramatic approach. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Through bipersonal psychodrama, it was possible to understand the cultural preservations associated with the role of men and how they influenced a masculinity divided between stereotypes and the expression or non-expression of vulnerabilities. CONCLUSIONS: In this sense, bipersonal psychodrama contributed as a means of accessing spontaneous responses in the pursuit of a masculinity with less psychological suffering.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El papel del hombre permea muchas construcciones sociales y está atravesado por diferentes conservaciones culturales, incluida la masculinidad hegemónica. OBJETIVO: Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender las contribuciones del psicodrama bipersonal en la conservación cultural relacionada con la masculinidad. MÉTODO: A través de una investigación-acción, se analizaron los registros profesionales de fragmentos de sesiones de dos hombres adultos con demandas psicológicas relacionadas con la masculinidad, utilizando un enfoque descriptivo, cualitativo y psicodramático. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Mediante el psicodrama bipersonal, fue posible conocer las conservaciones culturales asociadas al rol del hombre y cómo estas influían en una masculinidad dividida entre estereotipos y la manifestación o no de vulnerabilidades. CONCLUSIONES: En este sentido, el psicodrama bipersonal contribuyó como una forma de acceso a respuestas espontáneas en la búsqueda de una masculinidad con menor sufrimiento psicológico.

Behavioral Effect of Plant Volatiles Binding to Spodoptera littoralis Larval Odorant Receptors.

Phytophagous insects use volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by plants to orient towards their hosts. In lepidopteran pests, crop damages are caused by larval stages-the caterpillars-that feed extensively on leaves or other plant tissues. However, larval host plant choice has been poorly studied, and it is generally admitted that caterpillars feed on the plant where the female laid the eggs. The mobility of caterpillars has been generally overlooked even though several studies showed that they can orient towards odors and change host plant. Recently, a large number of odorant receptors (ORs) tuned to plant volatiles have been characterized in the model pest moth Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae). In the present work, we identified nine of these deorphanized ORs as expressed in S. littoralis caterpillars. In order to understand whether these ORs are involved in host searching, we tested the behavioral significance of their ligands using a larval two-choice assay. This OR-guided approach led to the identification of nine plant volatiles, namely 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, (Z)3-hexenol, (E)2-hexenol, indole, DMNT and (Z)3-hexenyl acetate, which are active on S. littoralis caterpillar behavior, increasing our knowledge on larval olfactory abilities. To further explore the link between OR activation and behavioral output induced by plant volatiles we used a modeling approach, thereby allowing identification of some ORs whose activation is related to caterpillar attraction. These ORs may be promising targets for future plant protection strategies.