DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PAROXYSMAL STATES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF A CLINICAL CASE ON THE EXAMPLEOF CLOCCS-SYNDROME IN A YOUNG MAN.

Diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions in neurology is one of the most difficult problems. Particular difficulties are caused by differential diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal states. There are no absolutely pathognomonic signs of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. False positive diagnosis of epilepsy occurs in 2-71% of cases. Diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions requires an integrated approach to the problem and includes not only a clinical examination, but also a thorough history taking, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, laboratory research methods, involves the involvement of other specialists. The article presents a clinical case of 27-year-old young man who was initially misdiagnosed. Using the methods of functional and laboratory diagnostics, the patient was diagnosed correctly. Instead of idiopathic epilepsy, he was diagnosed with cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs-syndrome associated with an infectious process) with motor paroxysms of non-epileptic genesis. Thus, using the example of this clinical case, it has been shown that the differential diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal states presents significant difficulties for a practicing neurologist.

Dynamics of epidemiological indications of epilepsy prevalence, morbidity and disability among children in kharkiv region, Ukraine.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system, which affects 0.5 to 2% of the entire population The aim is comparison of prevalence, incidence and disability from nervous diseases and epilepsy among children of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine and the results are compared with global figures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Epidemiological indicators, namely the prevalence and incidence. For the comparative analysis, the statistical data of the last 5 years are used. RESULTS: Review: The prevalence of epilepsy in Ukraine amounts to 25 695 children (3.21%), higher than the prevalence of cerebral palsy or neuroinfections, the average value for 5 years is 24 667 children (3.144%). In the Kharkiv region the number is 1 451 children (3.43%), 5-year average is 1 340 children (3.21%). The incidence of epilepsy in children in Ukraine is 3 306 children (0.43%), the average value for 5 years is 3 569 children (0.454%). In Kharkiv region the incidence is 252 persons (0.53%), an average is 201.2 children (0.468%). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Reliable epidemiological indicators will make it possible to improve the system of rendering specialized medical care to children with epilepsy, carry out a pharmaco-economic analysis, calculation and estimation of the costs for patients' treatment, which is especially important in the framework of the health care system reformation. Thus, the compilation of patients' registers with epilepsy is one of the urgent tasks to optimize the medical care.