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1.
Polymers (Basel) ; 9(4)2017 Mar 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30970808

RESUMO

Xylan is a predominant hemicellulose component that is found in plants and in some algae. This polysaccharide is made from units of xylose (a pentose sugar). One promising source of xylan is oat spelt. This feedstock was used for the synthesis of two xylan ethers. To achieve water soluble products, we prepared dihydroxypropyl xylan as a non-ionic ether on the one hand, and carboxymethyl xylan as an ionic derivative on the other hand. Different preparation methods like heterogeneous, pseudo-homogeneous, and homogeneous syntheses were compared. In the case of dihydroxypropyl xylan, the synthesis method did not significantly affect the degree of substitution (DS). In contrast, in the case of carboxymethyl xylan, clear differences of the DS values were found in dependence on the synthesis method. Xylan ethers with DS values of >1 could be obtained, which mostly show good water solubility. The synthesized ionic, as well as non-ionic, xylan ethers were soluble in water, even though the aqueous solutions showed slight turbidity. Nevertheless, stable, transparent, and stainable films could be prepared from aqueous solutions from carboxymethyl xylans.

2.
Curr Opin Mol Ther ; 12(4): 450-60, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20677096

RESUMO

One of the first strategies for cancer gene therapy was the use of suicide gene/prodrug combinations, originally delivered to tumor cells using viral vectors. A major limitation of this approach was the inefficiency of suicide gene delivery. An alternative strategy, in which the suicide genes are physically juxtaposed to the tumor, involves the implantation of encapsulated, genetically modified cells. Cell encapsulation technologies were originally developed for the treatment of acquired and genetic diseases, such as diabetes. In the application of this technology for the treatment of tumors, cells that are genetically modified to overexpress suicide genes are encapsulated and implanted near solid tumors; this process is then followed by systemic prodrug administration. This review discusses the various cells types, suicide genes and prodrugs that have been used in preclinical and clinical trials, as well as the data that have been obtained from these studies. Future improvements for the production of second-generation approaches are also discussed.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Biotransformação/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Imobilizadas/metabolismo , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Genes Transgênicos Suicidas , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia
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