Switchable Nanozyme Activity of Porphyrins Intercalated in Layered Gadolinium Hydroxide.

In this study, organo-inorganic nanohybrids LHGd-MTSPP with enzyme-like activity were prepared by in situ intercalation of anionic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin and its complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II) (MTSPP, M = 2H, Zn(II) and Pd(II)) into gadolinium layered hydroxide (LHGd). The combination of powder XRD, CHNS analysis, FT-IR, EDX, and TG confirmed the layered structure of the reaction products. The basal interplanar distances in LHGd-MTSPP samples were 22.3-22.6 Å, corresponding to the size of an intercalated tetrapyrrole molecule. According to SEM data, LHGd-MTSPP hybrids consisted of individual lamellar nanoparticles 20-50 nm in thickness. The enzyme-like activity of individual constituents, LHGd-Cl and sulfoporphyrins TSPP, ZnTSPP and PdTSPP, and hybrid LHGd-MTSPP materials, was studied by chemiluminescence analysis using the ABAP/luminol system in phosphate buffer solution. All the individual porphyrins exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant properties with respect to alkylperoxyl radicals at pH 7.4. The intercalation of free base TSPP porphyrin into the LHGd preserved the radical scavenging properties of the product. Conversely, in LHGd-MTSPP samples containing Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes, the antioxidant properties of the porphyrins changed to dose-dependent prooxidant activity. Thus, an efficient approach to the design and synthesis of advanced LHGd-MTSPP materials with switchable enzyme-like activity was developed.

Reverse Arene Sandwich Structures Based upon π-Hole⋠⋠⋠[MII ] (d8 M=Pt, Pd) Interactions, where Positively Charged Metal Centers Play the Role of a Nucleophile.

The complexes [Pt(tpp)] (H2 tpp=tetraphenylporphyrin), [M(acac)2 ] (M=Pd, Pt, Hacac=acetylacetone), and [Pd(ba)2 ] (Hba=benzoylacetone) were co-crystallized with highly electron-deficient arene systems to form reverse arene sandwich structures built by π-hole⋅⋅⋅[MII ] (d8 M=Pt, Pd) interactions. The adduct [Pt(tpp)]⋅2 C6 F6 is monomeric, whereas the diketonate 1:1 adducts form columnar infinity 1D-stack assembled by simultaneous action of both π-hole⋅⋅⋅[MII ] and C⋅⋅⋅F interactions. The reverse sandwiches are based on noncovalent interactions and calculated ESP distributions indicate that in π-hole⋅⋅⋅[MII ] contacts, [MII ] plays the role of a nucleophile.

Gallium(III) and Indium(III) Complexes with meso-Monophosphorylated Porphyrins: Synthesis and Structure. A First Example of Dimers Formed by the Self-Assembly of meso-Porphyrinylphosphonic Acid Monoester.

The synthesis and structural characterization, both in solution by means of 1H and 31P NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction on single crystal, of a series of gallium(III) and indium(III) meso-mono(diethoxyphosphoryl)porphyrins bearing different peripheral substituents as well as the corresponding monoesters and phosphonic acids are reported. This work describes the first example of the X-ray structure of a self-assembled dimer formed via strong binding between the oxygen atom of the phosphonate substituent and the gallium(III) cations of adjacent porphyrin molecules [Ga-O = 1.9708(13) Å].

Supramolecular hybrids based on Ru(II) porphyrin and octahedral Mo(II) iodide cluster.

The coordination-driven design and synthesis of new stable supramolecular cluster-porphyrin (CP) hybrids based on an A2-type ruthenium porphyrin 5,15-bis[(p-tolyl)porphyrinato(2-)]ruthenium(carbonyl)(aqua) [RuDTolP(CO)H2O] and an octahedral molybdenum(II) iodide cluster with six terminal isonicotinate ligands (Bu4N)2[{Mo6I8}(OOC-C5H4N)6] (PyMoC) are reported. The stepwise supramolecular assembly of the PyMoC "superoctahedron" with RuDTolP(CO)H2O has been studied by 1H NMR and 2D 1H-1H COSY, 1H-15N HMBC and DOSY techniques, as well as by UV-vis spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass spectrometry. The formation of discrete cluster-porphyrin CPn adducts with different numbers of coordinated porphyrins (n = 1-6), including the geometrical isomers of CP2, CP3 and CP4, has been observed. Using a double equivalent amount of RuDTolP(CO)H2O relative to the cluster (C : P ratio 1 : 12) affords a mixture of CP5 and CP6 species in solution, while only the CP6 complex is crystallized from this system. Fine tuning of crystallization conditions leads to the formation of a more complex architecture CP6+2, where the CP6 assembly incorporates two additional porphyrin molecules bound to the cluster core by hydrogen bonds. Thus, the coordination-based supramolecular approach provides new stable cluster-multiporphyrin 3D arrays based on two types of photosensitizers, which can be promising for the design of photoactive materials.

Platinum(ii) and palladium(ii) complexes with electron-deficient meso-diethoxyphosphorylporphyrins: synthesis, structure and tuning of photophysical properties by varying peripheral substituents.

A series of electron-deficient platinum(ii) and palladium(ii) meso-(diethoxyphosphoryl)porphyrins, namely [10-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5,15-bis(p-tolyl)porphyrinato]palladium(ii) (PdDTolPP), {10-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5,15-bis[p-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]porphyrinato}palladium(ii) [PdD(CMP)PP], [10-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5,15-dimesitylporphyrinato]palladium(ii) (PdDMesPP), [5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-10,15,20-trimesitylporphyrinato]palladium(ii) (PdTMesPP) and the corresponding platinum(ii) compounds, were synthesized and structurally characterized in solution by means of 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopies and in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction [PdDTolPP, PdD(CMP)PP and PtD(CMP)PP]. Their optical and photophysical properties (UV-vis absorption, luminescence and excitation spectra, phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) were also determined. The complexes under investigation emit at room temperature in the near-infrared region (670-770 nm). Phosphorescence quantum yields of the palladium(ii) meso-phosphorylated porphyrins lie in the range of 3.4 to 5.8%, with lifetimes of 633 to 858 µs in deoxygenated toluene solutions at room temperature. The corresponding platinum(ii) complexes exhibit phosphorescence quantum yields in the range of 9.2 to 11%, with luminescence decay times of 56 to 69 µs. Moreover, effective homogeneous oxygen quenching and good sensitivity in toluene (∼155 Pa-1 s-1) were observed for the platinum(ii) complexes with phosphorylporphyrins in solution. Investigations of the photostability of porphyrinylposphonates and related complexes lacking a phosphoryl group in DMF under irradiation in air using a 400 W vis-NIR lamp demonstrated that photobleaching is strongly dependent on the substituents at the periphery of the macrocycle. Platinum and palladium trimesitylphosphorylporphyrins PdTMesPP and PtTMesPP exhibit high photostability in DMF solution and seem to be the most potentially interesting derivatives of the series for oxygen sensing in biological samples and the covalent immobilization on solid supports to prepare sensing devices including optic fibers.

Hybrid organic-inorganic supramolecular systems based on a pyridine end-decorated molybdenum(ii) halide cluster and zinc(ii) porphyrinate.

Herein, first examples of supramolecular hybrid organic-inorganic cluster-porphyrin [CPn (n = 2, 6)] systems constructed via metal-ligand coordination have been reported. The pyridine end-decorated Mo(ii) halide cluster ((Bu4N)2[{Mo6I8}(OOC-C5H4N)6]), possessing remarkable photophysical properties, was chosen as the inorganic part and A2-type zinc porphyrin 5,15-bis[(p-tolyl)porphyrinato(2-)]zinc was selected as the organic part. The crystal structures of CP2 and CP6 hybrids have been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The CP2 complex is composed of two zinc porphyrins, coordinated to pyridyl moieties of the same cluster molecule, related by an inversion center. In the case of the CP6 complex, each cluster has three pairs of coordinated symmetrically equivalent zinc porphyrins. Also, the formation of supramolecular hybrid CPn (n = 2, 6) systems was unambiguously demonstrated in solution via NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy titration and diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY).