Comparison of chirp versus click and tone pip stimulation for cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.

The current study explored differences among cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) that were evoked by CE-chirp and click and tone pip in healthy controls, and tried to explain the differences of cVEMP between the three of them. Thirty normal volunteers were used as subjects for CE-chirp and click and tone-pip (Blackman pip) stimuli. The latency of P1, N1, peak-to-peak P1-N1 amplitude, and cVEMP interaural difference were obtained and analyzed. The response rates of cVEMP were 93 % for click and 100 % for both Blackman pip and CE-chirp, respectively. The P1 and N1 latencies of cVEMP evoked by CE-chirp were the shortest, followed by click, with Blackman pip the longest (F = 6,686.852, P < 0.001). All indices of cVEMP evoked by the three stimuli showed no significant difference between the left and right ears or between genders. cVEMP responses were significantly different between the three stimuli. Compared with the currently used stimulus, CE-chirp can evoke cVEMP with shorter latencies and demonstrates increased speed and reliability.

MdBBX21, a B-Box Protein, Positively Regulates Light-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Apple Peel.

The red coloration of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is due to the accumulation of anthocyanins in the fruit peel. Light is essential for anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. In this study, we performed a transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of apple fruit exposed to light after unbagging. The identified differentially expressed genes included MdBBX21, which is homologous to Arabidopsis BBX21, suggesting it may be involved in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, MdBBX21 was localized in the nucleus and its gene was expressed earlier than MdMYB1 in apple peel treated with light. Overexpressing MdBBX21 in Arabidopsis and apple calli under light increased anthocyanin accumulation. Dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that MdBBX21 binds to the MdHY5, MdBBX20, and MdBBX22-1/2 promoters and induces expression. At the same time, MdHY5 can also activate the expression of MdBBX21. Furthermore, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that MdBBX21 can interact with MdHY5. This interaction can significantly enhance MdMYB1 promoter activity. These findings clarify the molecular mechanism by which MdBBX21 positively regulates light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple.

The Relationship Between the Dark Triad and Internet Adaptation Among Adolescents in China: Internet Use Preference as a Mediator.

This study aims to examine the relationship among the Dark Triad personality traits, Internet use preferences and Internet adaptation. In all, 1927 middle school students (aged 11-18) from Beijing and Kunming in China completed a self-reported questionnaire that measured the Dark Triad, Internet use preferences (information communication, recreation, information acquisition and online transaction) and Internet adaptation (positive/negative Internet adaptation). Correlations revealed that there were significant correlations among the Dark Triad, Internet use preferences and Internet adaptation. Multiple regression analysis indicated that psychopathy predicted Internet adaptation more significantly than Machiavellianism or narcissism. Information acquisition positively predicted positive Internet adaptation and negatively predicted negative Internet adaptation, and recreation and online transaction were just the opposite. The SEM results suggested that Internet use preferences partially mediated the relationship between the Dark Triad and Internet adaptation. We discussed the importance of the combined effect of the Dark Triad and Internet use preferences on Internet adaptation.

[Influence of the quantified surface electromyography of sternocleidomastoid on cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential].

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the correlations between electromyography (EMG) of sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP), and intended to quantify the influence of EMG of SCM on cVEMP by recording the EMG of SCM and cVEMP in different head positions. METHODS: Thirty healthy subjects (60 ears), without the history of ear illnesses, were enrolled in this study. In addition, the recruited subjects also showed favorable differentiation of cVEMP waves induced by Blackman pip cVEMP, and EMG were recorded in different head positions(with sagittal at 90°, 60°,45° and 30°angle), as well as to analyze and quantify the influence of EMG on cVEMP. RESULTS: In the case of the different EMG levels: P1 latency, (12.50 ± 2.39)ms; N1 latency, (19.79 ± 3.16)ms, and the latencies shown no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The amplitude was affected by EMG level, there was significant difference between the amplitudes(F = 55.47, P < 0.01). The different head positions on subjects their EMG level or area of EMG effects were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The study found a linear dependence of the amplitude from the EMG levels(r(2) = 0.591, Adjusted-r(2) = 9.590). CONCLUSIONS: The cVEMP amplitude increases as a function of EMG target level, and the latency remains constant. The quantized data will increase the amplitude in clinical diagnosis application of sensitivity, and it will improve the diagnosis of the vestibular system diseases and some related diseases.

99mTc-labeled HAb18 McAb Fab fragment for radioimmunoimaging in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM:To establish a method of labeling anti-hepatoma McAb (HAb18) Fab fragment modifier with (99m)Tc.METHODS:HAb18 Fab was modified with 2-iminotholane and labeled with (99m)Tc by transchelation from (99m)Tc GH.Labeling yield, radiochemical purity and immunoreactivity were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC-SG), paper chromatography (PC), gel chromatography (GC) and cell binding assay, respectively. The nude mice bearing human hepatoma were used for radioimmunoimaging (RII).RESULTS:A radiolabeling yield of 50%-80% was obtained, and immunoreactivity (IR) was 30%-40%. Radioimaging results showed that (99m)Tc-HAb18 McAb Fab fragment was concentrated in the tumor 4-8 hours after injection,and the maximum concentration was seen in 12-24 hours,and the T/NT value was 5.18 and 7.48 at 6h and 8h after the injection.CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc-HAb18 McAb Fab fragment could be specifically localized in the tumor of nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma within 24 hours and this method might be effectively used for labeling McAb Fab fragment with (99m)Tc.