[Clinical and bronchoscopy features of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in children]. / å„¿ç«¥æ°”ç®¡æ”¯æ°”ç®¡ç»“æ ¸çš„ä¸´åºŠåŠæ”¯æ°”ç®¡é•œä¸‹ç‰¹å¾åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical and bronchoscopic characteristics of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) in children and to identify factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis. METHODS: The clinical data of children with TBTB were retrospectively collected. The children were divided into two groups based on the last bronchoscopic result within one year of follow-up: a group with residual airway obstruction or stenosis (n=34) and a group without residual airway obstruction or stenosis (n=58). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive value of the factors influencing residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB. RESULTS: A total of 92 children with TBTB were included, and the main symptoms were cough (90%) and fever (68%). In children under 1 year old, the incidence rates of dyspnea and wheezing were significantly higher than in other age groups (P<0.008). Chest CT findings included mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement (90%) and tracheobronchial stenosis or obstruction (61%). The lymphatic fistula type was the main type of TBTB observed bronchoscopically (77%). All children received interventional treatment, and the effective rate was 84%. During one year of follow-up, 34 children had residual airway obstruction or stenosis. The TBTB diagnostic time and the initiation of interventional treatment were significantly delayed in the group with residual airway obstruction or stenosis compared with the group without residual airway obstruction or stenosis (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TBTB diagnostic time was closely related to residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that at the cut-off value of 92 days of TBTB diagnostic time, the area under the curve for predicting residual airway obstruction or stenosis in children with TBTB was 0.707, with a sensitivity of 58.8% and a specificity of 75.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of TBTB are nonspecific, and symptoms are more severe in children under 1 year old. TBTB should be suspected in children with tuberculosis and chest imaging indicating airway involvement. Delayed diagnosis of TBTB is associated with the development of residual airway obstruction or stenosis.

[Clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis and risk factors for recurrence in children]. / å„¿ç«¥å¡‘åž‹æ€§æ”¯æ°”ç®¡ç‚Žä¸´åºŠç‰¹å¾åŠå¤å‘å±é™©å› ç´ åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis (PB) in children and investigate the the risk factors for recurrence of PB. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of medical data of children with PB who were hospitalized in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2022. The children were divided into a single occurrence of PB group and a recurrent PB group and the risk factors for recurrence of PB were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 107 children with PB were included, including 61 males (57.0%) and 46 females (43.0%), with a median age of 5.0 years, and 78 cases (72.9%) were over 3 years old. All the children had cough, 96 children (89.7%) had fever, with high fever in 90 children. Seventy-three children (68.2%) had shortness of breath, and 64 children (59.8%) had respiratory failure. Sixty-six children (61.7%) had atelectasis and 52 children (48.6%) had pleural effusion. Forty-seven children (43.9%) had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, 28 children (26.2%) had adenovirus infection, and 17 children (15.9%) had influenza virus infection. Seventy-one children (66.4%) had a single occurrence of PB, and 36 cases (33.6%) had recurrent occurrence of PB (≥2 times). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that involvement of ≥2 lung lobes (OR=3.376) under bronchoscopy, continued need for invasive ventilation after initial removal of plastic casts (OR=3.275), and concomitant multi-organ dysfunction outside the lungs (OR=2.906) were independent risk factors for recurrent occurrence of PB (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Children with pneumonia accompanied by persistent high fever, shortness of breath, respiratory failure, atelectasis or pleural effusion should be highly suspected with PB. Involvement of ≥2 lung lobes under bronchoscopy, continued need for invasive ventilation after initial removal of plastic casts, and concomitant multi-organ dysfunction outside the lungs may be risk factors for recurrent occurrence of PB.

[The Effect of Interventional Treatment with Bronchoscopy in 10 Children with Acquired Subglottic Stenosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of interventional therapy with bronchoscopy in children with acquired subglottic stenosis (SGS). METHODS: The clinical data of ten pediatric inpatients with acquired SGS who were admitted to Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, as well as their follow-up information obtained 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the procedure was done.were retrospectively analyzed to examine the effect of interventional bronchoscopic therapies, including balloon dilatation, holmium laser, and cryotherapy, in pediatric patients with acquired SGS. RESULTS: Among the 10 patients with acquired SGS, there were 5 boys and 5 girls aged between 1 month and 6 years and 5 months, with a median age of 11 months and 1 day. Among the 5 patients with acute acquired SGS, two were treated with balloon dilatation only, with one cured and one showing clinical improvement, while three received comprehensive interventional therapy combining balloon dilatation, holmium laser, and cryotherapy, with two cured and one showing improvement. Among the 5 patients with chronic acquired SGS, four cases were cured with comprehensive interventional therapy, while one case suffered from aggravated upper airway obstruction 4 + hours after balloon dilatation. The patient was subsequently put on invasive mechanical ventilation for 4 days, but was unable to be extubated. The parents signed do-not-resuscitate order and the patient died afterwards. Bronchoscopy performed 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the procedure was done showed that the SGS was improved to varying degrees. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy intervention is an effective therapy for acquired SGS in children.

Clinical features of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with pulmonary complications in childhood: A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Incidence of severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) reported in China has been increasing over the last decade. We aimed to evaluate the clinical features of pediatric SMPP with pulmonary complications, according to laboratory tests and chest radiographic resolution patterns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 93 SMPP patients between January 2016 and February 2019, and grouped them by pneumonia pattern: pulmonary complications (63 patients) and extensive lung lesions without pulmonary complications (30 patients). RESULTS: SMPP patients with pleural effusion (medium or large) and necrotizing pneumonia showed longer duration of fever, high serum value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), d-dimer, and LDH to albumin ratio (LAR). LAR and  d-dimer were associated with moderate or massive pleural effusion, and  d-dimer was associated with lung necrosis. The average time of radiographic resolution in the pulmonary complication group was 12 weeks, while those with elevated d-dimer were significantly more likely to have longer time for radiographic clearance. CONCLUSION: We conclude that M. pneumoniae pneumonia in patients with pleural effusion (medium or large) or lung necrosis was more severe than those without pulmonary complications. LAR and  d-dimer might be used as parameters to identify children susceptible to pleural effusion (medium or large) or lung necrosis, and longer time for radiographic clearance among pediatric patients of SMPP.

Lumbar Intradural Disc Herniation Caused by Injury: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Intradural disc herniation(IDH) caused by trauma is a rare type of disease，which is difficult to diagnose clinically and is easily misdiagnosed. We received a patient with the disease, reported the case to share the process of diagnosis and treatment and put forward our own opinions, so as to increase the probability of correct diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 48-year-old male who fell from a scaffold at a height of 2 m. Later, he developed low back pain, restricted movement, numbness and hyperalgesia of the lower left limb, and decreased left muscle strength. He was diagnosed with IDH. Treatment with posterior decompression and intramedullary decompression with pedicle screw internal fixation was performed. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he underwent regular follow up for 1 year. Good neurologic symptom improvement was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: IDH is rare, and comprehensive consideration and film reading can improve the correct diagnosis rate. Accurate diagnosis and early decompression of laminae and intramedullary decompression can lead to good recovery after neurologic impingement.