Flash drought early warning based on the trajectory of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence.

Flash drought often leads to devastating effects in multiple sectors and presents a unique challenge for drought early warning due to its sudden onset and rapid intensification. Existing drought monitoring and early warning systems are based on various hydrometeorological variables reaching thresholds of unusually low water content. Here, we propose a flash drought early warning approach based on spaceborne measurements of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), a proxy of photosynthesis that captures plant response to multiple environmental stressors. Instead of negative SIF anomalies, we focus on the subseasonal trajectory of SIF and consider slower-than-usual increase or faster-than-usual decrease of SIF as an early warning for flash drought onset. To quantify the deviation of SIF trajectory from the climatological norm, we adopt existing formulas for a rapid change index (RCI) and apply the RCI analysis to spatially downscaled 8-d SIF data from GOME-2 during 2007-2018. Using two well-known flash drought events identified by the operational US Drought Monitor (in 2012 and 2017), we show that SIF RCI can produce strong predictive signals of flash drought onset with a lead time of 2 wk to 2 mo and can also predict drought recovery with several weeks of lead time. While SIF RCI shows great early warning potential, its magnitude diminishes after drought onset and therefore cannot reflect the current drought intensity. With its long lead time and direct relevance for agriculture, SIF RCI can support a global early warning system for flash drought and is especially useful over regions with sparse hydrometeorological data.

Enhancing Zinc-Air Flow Batteries: Single-Atom Catalysis within Cobalt-Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes for Superior Efficiency.

Amid the world's escalating energy needs, rechargeable zinc-air batteries stand out because of their environmental sustainability, with their performance being critically dependent on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The inherent slow kinetics of the ORR at air electrodes frequently constrains their operational efficiency. Here, we develop a new self-catalytic approach for in situ growth of carbon nanotubes with new cathode material Co@CoN3/CNTs-800 without external additives. Density functional theory calculation reveals this method integrates nonprecious single-atom catalysis with spatial confinement, facilitating large-scale, in situ fabrication of CNTs, which can support dispersed atomic CoN3 sites and enforce spatial confinement on Co nanoparticles. The Co@CoN3/CNTs-800 electrode achieves an electron transfer number close to ideal (3.9 out of 4.0). In rechargeable zinc-air flow batteries, it achieves a peak power density of 169.5 mW cm-2 and a voltage gap that is only 1.6% larger than the original after 700 h. This work surmounts critical challenges in the ORR kinetics for zinc-air batteries.

Yolk-Shell MnSe/ZnSe Heterostructures with Selenium Vacancies Encapsulated in Carbontubes for High-Efficiency Sodium/Potassium Storage.

The pursuit of high-performance batteries has propelled the investigation into advanced materials and design methodologies. Herein, the yolk-shell MnSe/ZnSe heterojunction encapsulated in hollow carbontubes (MnSe/ZnSe@HCTs) is prepared as a prospective electrode material for sodium/potassium batteries. The band structure in the heterojunction is methodically adjusted and regulated by intentionally utilizing Mn with unpaired electrons in the 3d orbital. The ZnSe shell confer effectively mitigates volumetric expansion challenges inherent in ions insertion/extraction processes and 1D carbontubular conductive substrate avert the aggregation of MnSe/ZnSe nanoparticles. Concurrently, the heterojunctions implantation induces sublattice distortion and charge redistribution, enriching active sites and regulating band structure. The selenium vacancies within these heterojunctions contribute to the provision of abundant active sites, thereby promoting efficient ions insertion/extraction. In sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), MnSe/ZnSe@HCTs present a superior capacity of 475 mA hg-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and sustains a capacity of 408.5 mAh g-1 even after 1000 cycles. In potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), MnSe/ZnSe@HCTs deliver a higher specific capacity of 422 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1 and maintain a high coulombic efficiency of 99% after 1000 cycles. The yolk-shell structured MnSe/ZnSe heterojunction demonstrates excellent electrode properties for high-performance sodium/potassium batteries, holding significant promise for future energy storage applications.

Electrodeposition of Ni/Cu Bimetallic Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Electrocatalysts with Boosted Oxygen Reduction Activity for Zinc-Air Batteries.

Zinc-air batteries employing non-Pt cathodes hold significant promise for advancing cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, poor intrinsic electrical conductivity and aggregation tendency hinder the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as active ORR cathodes. Conductive MOFs possess various atomically dispersed metal centers and well-aligned inherent topologies, eliminating the additional carbonization processes for achieving high conductivity. Here, a novel room-temperature electrochemical cathodic electrodeposition method is introduced for fabricating uniform and continuous layered 2D bimetallic conductive MOF films cathodes without polymeric binders, employing the organic ligand 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene (HITP) and varying the Ni/Cu ratio. The influence of metal centers on modulating the ORR performance is investigated by density functional theory (DFT), demonstrating the performance of bimetallic conductive MOFs can be effectively tuned by the unpaired 3d electrons and the Jahn-Teller effect in the doped Cu. The resulting bimetallic Ni2.1Cu0.9(HITP)2 exhibits superior ORR performance, boasting a high onset potential of 0.93 V. Moreover, the assembled aqueous zinc-air battery demonstrates high specific capacity of 706.2 mA h g-1, and exceptional long-term charge/discharge stability exceeding 1250 cycles.

Blocking the TRAIL-DR5 Pathway Reduces Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Decreasing Neutrophil Infiltration and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation.

PURPOSE: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality. Neutrophils penetrate injured heart tissue during AMI or ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and produce inflammatory factors, chemokines, and extracellular traps that exacerbate heart injury. Inhibition of the TRAIL-DR5 pathway has been demonstrated to alleviate cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in a leukocyte-dependent manner. However, it remains unknown whether TRAIL-DR5 signaling is involved in regulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. METHODS: This study used various models to examine the effects of activating the TRAIL-DR5 pathway with soluble mouse TRAIL protein and inhibiting the TRAIL-DR5 signaling pathway using DR5 knockout mice or mDR5-Fc fusion protein on NETs formation and cardiac injury. The models used included a co-culture model involving bone marrow-derived neutrophils and primary cardiomyocytes and a model of myocardial I/R in mice. RESULTS: NETs formation is suppressed by TRAIL-DR5 signaling pathway inhibition, which can lessen cardiac I/R injury. This intervention reduces the release of adhesion molecules and chemokines, resulting in decreased neutrophil infiltration and inhibiting NETs production by downregulating PAD4 in neutrophils. CONCLUSION: This work clarifies how the TRAIL-DR5 signaling pathway regulates the neutrophil response during myocardial I/R damage, thereby providing a scientific basis for therapeutic intervention targeting the TRAIL-DR5 signaling pathway in myocardial infarction.

Mendelian randomisation analysis to explore the association between cathepsins and bipolar disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by the coexistence of depression and mania. Diagnosis of this disorder can be challenging due to limited pathologic and experimental tools. Treatment compliance is often poor due to medication side effects. Although cathepsin is known to play a significant role in diseases such as tumors and osteoporosis, its role in psychiatric disorders is not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cathepsin in the blood circulation and bipolar disorder. METHODS: The causal relationship between cathepsin and different subtypes of bipolar affective disorder was explored using bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: It was found that cathepsin H level was a protective factor for type II bipolar disorder. No potential causal relationship was found between cathepsin H and type I bipolar disorder, but cathepsin B changes with the development of type I bipolar disorder. A causal relationship was found between cathepsin H and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, cathepsin H may be a diagnostic target for bipolar II disorder and may play a guiding role in clinical diagnosis. Cathepsin H may have an effect on BD through cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor.

Increased functional connectivity within the salience network in patients with insomnia.

BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with significant negative impacts on emotional states; however, the underlying mechanism of insomnia with comorbid emotional dysregulation remains largely unknown. The salience network (SN) plays an important role in both sleep and emotional regulation. The study aimed to explore the specific alterations in functional connectivity (FC) within the SN in insomnia patients. METHODS: A total of 30 eligible patients with insomnia disorder (ID group) and 30 healthy controls (HC group) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning and psychometric assessments. Differences in FC within the SN were examined using seed-based region-to-region connectivity analysis. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, patients with insomnia showed increased FC within the SN, mainly between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), the right SFG and right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and between the right insular (INS) and left SMG (P<0.05). Additionally, significant correlations were observed between increased FC and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores (P<0.05, after Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that increased FC within the SN may be related to poor sleep quality and negative emotions, highlighting the importance of the SN in the pathophysiological mechanisms of insomnia with comorbid emotional dysregulation.

Exploring the link between chromosomal polymorphisms and reproductive abnormalities.

OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to investigate the potential correlation between chromosomal polymorphisms and various reproductive abnormalities. METHODS: We examined 21,916 patients affected by infertility who sought care at the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University between January 2018 and December 2022. A total of 2227 individuals identified as chromosomal polymorphism carriers constituted the polymorphism group, and 2245 individuals with normal chromosome karyotypes were randomly selected to form a control group. Clinical manifestations, histories of spontaneous miscarriage, abnormal reproductive developments, fetal abnormalities, and male sperm quality anomalies were statistically compared between these two groups. RESULTS: Of the 21,916 patients analyzed, 2227 displayed chromosomal polymorphism, representing a 10.16% detection rate. Amongst the male patients, 1622 out of 10,827 exhibited polymorphisms (14.98%), whereas 605 out of 11,089 females showed polymorphisms (5.46%). Female carriers in the polymorphism group, showed statistically significant increased rates of spontaneous abortion (29.75% vs. 18.54%), fetal anomalies (1.32% vs. 0.81%), and uterine abnormalities compared with the control group (1.32% vs. 0.81%). Male carriers in the polymorphism group had higher rates of spontaneous abortion in partners (22.87% vs. 10.37%), fetal anomalies (1.97% vs. 0.25%), compromised sperm quality (41.74% vs. 7.18%), testicular underdevelopment (2.28% vs. 0.92%), and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (0.62% vs. 0.37%) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Chromosomal polymorphisms may have a certain negative effect on reproductive irregularities, including spontaneous abortions, fetal anomalies, and reduced sperm quality in males. Their clinical effects deserve further investigation.

Effect of MVF Combined with FES on Limb Function Recovery and Fine Function Rehabilitation of Hemiplegic Patients after ACI.

Background: This study assesses the efficacy of mirror visual feedback (MVF) combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) in rehabilitating limb function and fine motor skills in hemiplegic patients after acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Given the limited research in this area, this study aims to provide insights into innovative rehabilitation techniques. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 106 post-ACI hemiplegic patients, split into two groups of 53 each. One group received conventional training plus FES, while the other group underwent MVF combined with FES. Key metrics like walking parameters, the modified Lindmark score, center of gravity movement speed, Fugl-Meyer Motor function (FMA) score, fall index, Berg score, and Time-Up-Go Time (TUGT) were measured to evaluate the effectiveness. Results: In the study, significant improvements were observed in the observation group compared to the control group. The Modified Lindmark Scores for sensory function, motor coordination, and total scores in the observation group improved to 6.85±0.72, 15.77±2.25, and 22.62±2.78 respectively post-treatment, surpassing the control group's scores of 5.77±0.68, 13.92±1.87, and 19.69±2.45. In terms of FMA score, fall index, Berg score, and TUGT time, the observation group showed remarkable improvement: the FMA score increased from 43.69±4.51 to 67.25±7.04, the fall index decreased from 55.74±8.76 to 42.08±5.97, the Berg score rose from 31.03±6.28 to 43.11±6.71, and the TUGT time was reduced from 30.78±6.59s to 18.57±3.26s. These changes were significantly better than those in the control group, with all P = .000, indicating statistically significant improvements. Conclusion: The results indicate that the combination of MVF and FES is more effective in improving limb function, hand fine movements, and balance in hemiplegic patients post-ACI compared to FES alone. This suggests that integrating MVF with FES may be a more beneficial approach in stroke rehabilitation. Future research is advised to explore larger sample sizes and long-term effects, offering guidance for developing more effective treatment and rehabilitation plans. This study suggests that integrating mirror visual feedback and functional electrical stimulation into stroke rehabilitation could significantly enhance recovery, potentially influencing clinical practices and rehabilitation policies. Future studies should explore the long-term effects, applicability to diverse patient groups, and cost-effectiveness of these combined therapies.

The First High-Quality Genome Assembly of Freshwater Pearl Mussel Sinohyriopsis cumingii: New Insights into Pearl Biomineralization.

China leads the world in freshwater pearl production, an industry in which the triangle sail mussel (Sinohyriopsis cumingii) plays a pivotal role. In this paper, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of S. cumingii with a size of 2.90 Gb-the largest yet reported among bivalves-and 89.92% anchorage onto 19 linkage groups. The assembled genome has 37,696 protein-coding genes and 50.86% repeat elements. A comparative genomic analysis revealed expansions of 752 gene families, mostly associated with biomineralization, and 237 genes under strong positive selection. Notably, the fibrillin gene family exhibited gene family expansion and positive selection simultaneously, and it also exhibited multiple high expressions after mantle implantation by transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, RNA silencing and an in vitro calcium carbonate crystallization assay highlighted the pivotal role played by one fibrillin gene in calcium carbonate deposition and aragonite transformation. This study provides a valuable genomic resource and offers new insights into the mechanism of pearl biomineralization.

Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal key regulatory genes and pathways of feed conversion efficiency of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense.

BACKGROUND: Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense is an economically important aquaculture species in China, Japan, and Vietnam. In commercial prawn farming, feed cost constitutes about 50 to 65% of the actual variable cost. Improving feed conversion efficiency in prawn culture will not only increase economic benefit, but also save food and protect the environment. The common indicators used for feed conversion efficiency include feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and residual feed intake (RFI). Among these, RFI is much more suitable than FCR and FER during the genetic improvement of feed conversion efficiency for aquaculture species. RESULTS: In this study, the transcriptome and metabolome of hepatopancreas and muscle of M. nipponense from high RFI low RFI groups, which identified after culture for 75 days, were characterized using combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. A total of 4540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hepatopancreas, and 3894 DEGs in muscle were identified, respectively. The DEGs in hepatopancreas were mainly enriched in KEGG pathways including the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (down-regulated), fat digestion and absorption (down-regulated) and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (up-regulated), etc. The DEGs in muscle were mainly enriched in KEGG pathways including the protein digestion and absorption (down-regulated), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (down-regulated), and glutathione metabolism (up-regulated), etc. At the transcriptome level, the RFI of M. nipponense was mainly controlled in biological pathways such as the high immune expression and the reduction of nutrients absorption capacity. A total of 445 and 247 differently expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in the hepatopancreas and muscle, respectively. At the metabolome level, the RFI of M. nipponense was affected considerably by amino acid and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: M. nipponense from higher and lower RFI groups have various physiological and metabolic capability processes. The down-regulated genes, such as carboxypeptidase A1, 6-phosphofructokinase, long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, et. al., in digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the up-regulated metabolites, such as aspirin, lysine, et. al., in response to immunity could be potential candidate factors contributed to RFI variation for M. nipponense. Overall, these results would provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of feed conversion efficiency and assist in selective breeding to improve feed conversion efficiency in M. nipponense.

Solvent Induced Activation Reaction of MoS2 Nanosheets within Nitrogen/Sulfur-Codoped Carbon Network Boosting Sodium Ion Storage.

MoS2 , as a classical 2D material, becomes a capable anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries. However, MoS2 presents a disparate electrochemical performance in the ether-based and ester-based electrolyte with unclear mechanism. Herein, tiny MoS2 nanosheets embedded in nitrogen/sulfur-codoped carbon (MoS2 @NSC) networks are designed and fabricated through an uncomplicated solvothermal method. Thanks to the ether-based electrolyte, the MoS2 @NSC shows a unique capacity growth in the original stage of cycling. But in the ester-based electrolyte, MoS2 @NSC shows a usual capacity decay. The increasing capacity puts down to the gradual transformation from MoS2 to MoS3 with the structure reconstruction. Based on the above mechanism, MoS2 @NSC demonstrates an excellent recyclability and the specific capacity keeps around 286 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 after 5000 cycles with an ultralow capacity fading rate of only 0.0034% per cycle. In addition, a MoS2 @NSC‖Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 full cell with ether-based electrolyte is assembled and demonstrates a capacity of 71 mAh g-1 , suggesting the potential application of MoS2 @NSC. Here the electrochemical conversion mechanism of MoS2 is revealed in the ether-based electrolyte and significance of the electrolyte design on the promoting Na ion storage behavior is highlighted.

Exploring The Synergistic Effect Of CoSeP/CoP Interface Catalyst For Efficient Urea Electrolysis.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of urea (UOR) is a potential energy-saving hydrogen production technology that can replace oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, CoSeP/CoP interface catalyst is synthesized on nickel foam using hydrothermal, solvothermal, and in situ template methods. The strong interaction of tailored CoSeP/CoP interface promotes the hydrogen production performance of electrolytic urea. During the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the overpotential can reach 33.7 mV at 10 mA cm-2 . The cell voltage can reach 1.36 V at 10 mA cm-2 in the overall urea electrolytic process. Notably, the overall urine electrolysis performance of the catalyst in the human urine medium can reach 1.40 V at 10 mA cm-2 and can exhibit durable cycle stability at 100 mA cm-2 . Density functional theory (DFT) proves that the CoSeP/CoP interface catalyst can better adsorb and stabilize reaction intermediates CO* and NH* on its surface through a strong synergistic effect, thus enhancing the catalytic activity.

YTHDF1 in Tumor Cell Metabolism: An Updated Review.

With the advancement of research on m6A-related mechanisms in recent years, the YTHDF protein family within m6A readers has garnered significant attention. Among them, YTHDF1 serves as a pivotal member, playing a crucial role in protein translation, tumor proliferation, metabolic reprogramming of various tumor cells, and immune evasion. In addition, YTHDF1 also exerts regulatory effects on tumors through multiple signaling pathways, and numerous studies have confirmed its ability to assist in the reprogramming of the tumor cell-related metabolic processes. The focus of research on YTHDF1 has shifted in recent years from its m6A-recognition and -modification function to the molecular mechanisms by which it regulates tumor progression, particularly by exploring the regulatory factors that interact with YTHDF1 upstream and downstream. In this review, we elucidate the latest signaling pathway mechanisms of YTHDF1 in various tumor cells, with a special emphasis on its distinctive characteristics in tumor cell metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we summarize the latest pathological and physiological processes involving YTHDF1 in tumor cells, and analyze potential therapeutic approaches that utilize YTHDF1. We believe that YTHDF1 represents a highly promising target for future tumor treatments and a novel tumor biomarker.

Ultrathin-Walled Bi2 S3 Nanoroll/MXene Composite toward High Capacity and Fast Lithium Storage.

It is extremely important to develop a high energy density power source with rapid charge-discharge rate to meet people's growing needs. Hence, the development of advanced electrode materials is the top priority. Herein, a simple yet elaborate vacuum-assisted room-temperature phase transfer method is reported to transform MXene nanosheets from water into organic solution. Subsequently, an in-situ growth strategy is employed to deposit ultrathin-walled bismuth sulfide (Bi2 S3 ) nanorolls on MXene surface to prepare Bi2 S3 /MXene composite as an efficient and high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Attributed to the unique nanoroll-like structure and the strong synergistic effect, the Bi2 S3 /MXene-10 composite can deliver the high discharge capacities of 849 and 541 mAh g-1 at 0.1 and 5 A g-1 , respectively. The Bi2 S3 /MXene-10 electrode can deliver a high specific capacity of 541 mAh g-1 even after 600 cycles at a large current density of 1 A g-1 , proving the superb cycling stability of the Bi2 S3 /MXene-10 composite. Additionally, the simple vacuum-assisted room-temperature phase transfer strategy can enlighten researchers to expand the potential application of MXene. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of Bi2 S3 nanorolls is also proposed, which may open a new avenue to design and fabricate other nanoroll-like structures.

Cyp17a effected by endocrine disruptors and its function in gonadal development of Hyriopsis cumingii.

Estrogens and androgens that coexist in the aquatic environment could potentially affect shellfish, however, endocrine disrupting effects of them in shellfish are significant. As an important aquaculture shellfish in China, Hyriopsis cumingii has remarkable economic benefits. In this study, the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the steroid synthase Hc-Cyp17a in the male and female gonads of the H. cumingii were assessed by exposing juvenile mussels to cultured waters containing 17ß-Estradiol (E2) and 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) for 28 days. At the same time, the E2 content in the four stages of gonadal development, the expression changes of Hc-Cyp17a in gonadal development and its localization in the mature gonad were measured to explore the relationship between genes and hormones. The results showed that both E2 and MT at 50 ng/L and 200 ng/L could affect the transcription level of Hc-Cyp17a, which was inhibited initially and promoted in post-development. E2 content was positively correlated with gonadal development stage, which was in mussel. By tracing the expression of Hc-Cyp17a, difference was found during different developmental periods. The expression level in ovary was higher than that in testis during gonadal development of 1/ 2/ 3-year-old mussels and showed an increasing trend with age. Furthermore, the expression levels in 6 tissues of mature individuals were measured and it showed that there was a significant difference between male and female in the gonads (p < 0.01). In situ hybridization, it suggested that Hc-Cyp17a was significantly signaled in the follicular wall and oocyte of female and in the follicular membrane of testis, respectively. These results could play a vital role in assessing and understanding the effects of aquatic environment on the endocrine system of H. cumingii.

Effects of copper on non-specific immunity and antioxidant in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense).

The copper, as heavy metal has important impacts on the antioxidant and immune defense systems in aquatic organisms, and the toxic effects of copper can be accumulated and magnified with the food chain, thus posing a threat to food safety as well as ecosystems. This study explored the response of the antioxidant system and non-specific immunity in M. nipponense to copper stress. Low concentration of copper (0.05, 0.1 mg L-1) had positive effects on the non-specific immunity in M. nipponense, while the non-specific immunity in M. nipponense could be affect negatively or even be inhibited by high copper concentration (0.15 mg L-1). Even low concentrations of copper could cause oxidative stress, and high copper concentration (0.15 mg L-1) could induce oxidative damage and even apoptosis, and thus causing damage to the antioxidant defense system in M. nipponense. Low concentration of copper could affect the gill and hepatopancreas structure in M. nipponense, but high level oxidative stress caused by high copper concentration could cause oxidative damage to these tissue, resulting in the destruction of gill and hepatopancreas. This study provides the safety concentration for using copper-containing fish drugs in the actual culture of M. nipponense and provides basic data for the toxicity mechanism of copper to M. nipponense.

Niclosamide as a Promising Therapeutic Player in Human Cancer and Other Diseases.

Niclosamide is an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug for the treatment of parasitic infections. However, over the past few years, increasing evidence has shown that niclosamide could treat diseases beyond parasitic diseases, which include metabolic diseases, immune system diseases, bacterial and viral infections, asthma, arterial constriction, myopia, and cancer. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the pharmacological activities and therapeutic prospects of niclosamide in human disease and cancer and summarized the related molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, indicating that niclosamide is a promising therapeutic player in various human diseases, including cancer.

Improved Binary Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection Problem.

The migration and predation of grasshoppers inspire the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA). It can be applied to practical problems. The binary grasshopper optimization algorithm (BGOA) is used for binary problems. To improve the algorithm's exploration capability and the solution's quality, this paper modifies the step size in BGOA. The step size is expanded and three new transfer functions are proposed based on the improvement. To demonstrate the availability of the algorithm, a comparative experiment with BGOA, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and binary gray wolf optimizer (BGWO) is conducted. The improved algorithm is tested on 23 benchmark test functions. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Friedman tests are used to verify the algorithm's validity. The results indicate that the optimized algorithm is significantly more excellent than others in most functions. In the aspect of the application, this paper selects 23 datasets of UCI for feature selection implementation. The improved algorithm yields higher accuracy and fewer features.

Identification of wnt2 in the pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii and its role in innate immunity and gonadal development.

Wnt2 is a significant factor in the Wnt signaling pathway, which is associated with a variety of physiological activities, including inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, reproductive system development, and cell differentiation. Hyriopsis cumingii is the main pearl breeding mussel in China. However, the role of wnt2 in this species remains unclear. In this study, wnt2 from H. cumingii was cloned and identified. The full-length cDNA of wnt2 is 1524 bp, containing a 963 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding 320 amino acid residues. The tissue distribution of H. cumingii indicated that wnt2 was predominantly highly expressed in the ovary and gill. And the expression profile after Aeromonas hydrophila or LPS injection indicated that wnt2 was up-regulated in gill, suggesting its role in the innate immune response. The expression of wnt2 was high at 4-month-old of early gonadal development and throughout ovarian development. In situ hybridization (ISH) showed significant hybridization signals on the gills and mature eggs of female gonads. In addition, miR-1988b-5p was found to negatively regulate wnt2 to affect the expression of key genes (frizzled-5, ctnnb1, and tcf7l) in the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, these findings suggest a key role for wnt2 in immune regulation and gonadal development in H. cumingii.