RESUMO
Neomorphic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are driver mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other cancers. We report the development of new allosteric inhibitors of mutant IDH1. Crystallographic and biochemical results demonstrated that compounds of this chemical series bind to an allosteric site and lock the enzyme in a catalytically inactive conformation, thereby enabling inhibition of different clinically relevant IDH1 mutants. Treatment of IDH1 mutant primary AML cells uniformly led to a decrease in intracellular 2-HG, abrogation of the myeloid differentiation block and induction of granulocytic differentiation at the level of leukemic blasts and more immature stem-like cells, in vitro and in vivo. Molecularly, treatment with the inhibitors led to a reversal of the DNA cytosine hypermethylation patterns caused by mutant IDH1 in the cells of individuals with AML. Our study provides proof of concept for the molecular and biological activity of novel allosteric inhibitors for targeting different mutant forms of IDH1 in leukemia.
Assuntos
Di-Hidropiridinas/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Regulação Alostérica , Sítio Alostérico , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ilhas de CpG , Cristalografia por Raios X , Citosina/química , Citosina/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Di-Hidropiridinas/química , Di-Hidropiridinas/farmacocinética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Granulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Granulócitos/enzimologia , Granulócitos/patologia , Humanos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/química , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Cinética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/enzimologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Mutação , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/enzimologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Cultura Primária de Células , Ligação Proteica , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/farmacocinética , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
This article is the next installment of the series "Do You Know Your Guidelines" presented by the Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society. Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, workup, and management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are reviewed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708-1716, 2016.