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Halophyte Halogeton glomeratus mostly grows in saline desert areas in arid and semi-arid regions and is able to adapt to adverse conditions such as salinity and drought. Earlier transcriptomic studies revealed activation of the HgS2 gene in the leaf of H. glomeratus seedlings when exposed to saline conditions. To identify the properties of HgS2 in H. glomeratus, we used yeast transformation and overexpression in Arabidopsis. Yeast cells genetically transformed with HgS2 exhibited K+ uptake and Na+ efflux compared with control (empty vector). Stable overexpression of HgS2 in Arabidopsis improved its resistance to salt stress and led to a notable rise in seed germination in salinity conditions compared to the wild type (WT). Transgenic Arabidopsis regulated ion homeostasis in plant cells by increasing Na+ absorption and decreasing K+ efflux in leaves, while reducing Na+ absorption and K+ efflux in roots. In addition, overexpression of HgS2 altered transcription levels of stress response genes and regulated different metabolic pathways in roots and leaves of Arabidopsis. These results offer new insights into the role of HgS2 in plants' salt tolerance.
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Amaranthaceae , Arabidopsis , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Tolerância ao Sal , Amaranthaceae/genética , Amaranthaceae/fisiologia , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Germinação/genética , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/fisiologia , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Potássio/metabolismo , Tolerância ao Sal/genética , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/genética , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/fisiologia , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal/metabolismo , Sódio/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prior studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between driving pressure-guided ventilation and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). We aimed to investigate whether driving pressure-guided ventilation is associated with a lower risk of PPCs. METHODS: We systematically searched electronic databases for RCTs comparing driving pressure-guided ventilation with conventional protective ventilation in adult surgical patients. The primary outcome was a composite of PPCs. Secondary outcomes were pneumonia, atelectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to calculate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to assess the conclusiveness of evidence. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs with 3401 subjects were included. Driving pressure-guided ventilation was associated with a lower risk of PPCs (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.87, P=0.001), as indicated by TSA. Subgroup analysis (P for interaction=0.04) found that the association was observed in non-cardiothoracic surgery (nine RCTs, 1038 subjects, RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.77, P< 0.0001), with TSA suggesting sufficient evidence and conclusive result; however, it did not reach significance in cardiothoracic surgery (four RCTs, 2363 subjects, RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.67-1.10, P=0.23), with TSA indicating insufficient evidence and inconclusive result. Similarly, a lower risk of pneumonia was found in non-cardiothoracic surgery but not in cardiothoracic surgery (P for interaction=0.046). No significant differences were found in atelectasis and ARDS between the two ventilation strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Driving pressure-guided ventilation was associated with a lower risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in non-cardiothoracic surgery but not in cardiothoracic surgery. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: INPLASY 202410068.
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Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/etiologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/epidemiologia , Respiração com Pressão Positiva/métodos , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/prevenção & controle , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Atelectasia Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Atelectasia Pulmonar/etiologia , Atelectasia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/etiologia , Pneumonia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between flatfoot morphology and body mass and height in children aged 6-12 years. A total of 6471 Chinese children (mean age 9.0 ± 1.9 years, 41% female) were assessed for foot morphometry, body height, and body mass index. Foot morphology, including foot length, width, girth, arch height, hallux valgus angle, and rearfoot valgus angle, was measured using a 3D laser scanner. Flatfoot evaluations were conducted using the Sztriter-Godunov index (KY) from footprints. All measurements were analyzed by age and sex using the mean values of the left and right sides. Comparisons were performed between flatfoot groups, between body mass index (BMI) groups, and between body height groups. The study revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of bipedal flatfoot with age (p < 0.001), whereas the prevalence of obesity remained consistent (p > 0.05). Bipedal flatfoot was associated with distinct morphological changes, including lower arches, reduced instep height, diminished ankle heights and a greater rearfoot valgus angle (p < 0.05). When comparing the BMI groups, overweight children had larger and thicker feet (p < 0.05), but no differences were found in arch height and ankle height (p > 0.05). When comparing the body height groups, short-statured children had a shorter feet girth, shorter arches, and shorter ankle height (p < 0.05), but no differences were found in the rearfoot valgus angle (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The main characteristics of flat feet include lower arches and instep heights and ankle heights but higher rearfoot valgus angles. In general, overweight children's feet do not have the common features of flat feet. In contrast, short children had similar features of flatfoot except for rearfoot valgus. Assessment of posture, such as rearfoot valgus, can be critical in identifying children with flat feet. WHAT IS KNOWN: ⢠The morphology of children's feet is associated with body growth, but the relationship between flatfeet and body mass and height remains controversial. WHAT IS NEW: ⢠Three-dimensional foot measurement shows that body mass is generally not associated with flatfeet, while short children have lower arches but no rearfoot valgus.
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Pé Chato , Criança , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pé Chato/epidemiologia , Pé Chato/complicações , Sobrepeso , Estatura , Pé/anatomia & histologia , Obesidade/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To compare the clinical efficacies of arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament suture augmentation repair and modified suture augmentation repair in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). METHODS: From October 2019 to August 2020, 100 patients with CAI were enrolled after propensity score matching analysis and observed for two years. Among them, 50 underwent modified suture augmentation repair and the other 50 underwent suture augmentation repair. The clinical efficacies of CAI treatments were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) clinical rating scale, visual analog scale (VAS), and anterior drawer test scores. RESULTS: The postoperative AOFAS score of the modified suture augmentation repair group (83.8 ± 11.3) was significantly higher than that of the suture augmentation repair group (76.3 ± 11.3; P = 0.001). The VAS (P = 0.863) and anterior drawer test (P = 0.617) scores were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Both the modified suture augmentation repair and suture augmentation repair demonstrated good clinical efficacies. The AOFAS score of the modified suture augmentation repair group was superior to that of the conventional suture augmentation repair group. Thus, modified suture augmentation repair is a feasible and practical surgical technique for CAI treatment.
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Instabilidade Articular , Ligamentos Laterais do Tornozelo , Humanos , Tornozelo , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Suturas , Ligamentos Laterais do Tornozelo/cirurgiaRESUMO
Objective: Currently, there is little information about the risk of sudden cardiac death and its predictors in aortic valve stenosis patients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Therefore, we conducted a large sample cohort study on TAVR patients to evaluate the predictive factors and incidence of heart failure death caused by advanced heart failure (AHF) and sudden cardiac death. Furthermore, a nomogram model to predict its risk was constructed. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 241 consecutive participants who had received TAVR treatment for aortic valve stenosis in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022. The characteristics of the subjects, including myocardial zymogram, renal function, biochemical parameters, and cardiac ultrasound parameters, were collected. Moreover, a nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of sudden cardiac death and its predictors in patients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The model was validatedinternally using measures of calibration and decision curve analysis. Results: Six independent risk factors(Age, smoking, diabetes, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and fasting blood glucose) were finally recruited into the nomogram model to predict the risk of advanced heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock in AS patients treated by TAVR. Besides, the decision curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the nomogram prediction models showed positive clinical benefits. Conclusions: The Age, smoking, diabetes, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and fasting blood glucose are the independent risk factors for advanced heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock in AS patients treated by TAVR. The construction of nomograms is beneficial in predicting the risk of advanced heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock in AS patients treated by TAVR.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Nomogramas , Choque Cardiogênico , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Humanos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The widespread use of artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT (OpenAI), is transforming sectors, including health care, while separate advancements of the internet have enabled platforms such as China's DingXiangYuan to offer remote medical services. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates ChatGPT-4's responses against those of professional health care providers in telemedicine, assessing artificial intelligence's capability to support the surge in remote medical consultations and its impact on health care delivery. METHODS: We sourced remote orthopedic consultations from "Doctor DingXiang," with responses from its certified physicians as the control and ChatGPT's responses as the experimental group. In all, 3 blindfolded, experienced orthopedic surgeons assessed responses against 7 criteria: "logical reasoning," "internal information," "external information," "guiding function," "therapeutic effect," "medical knowledge popularization education," and "overall satisfaction." We used Fleiss κ to measure agreement among multiple raters. RESULTS: Initially, consultation records for a cumulative count of 8 maladies (equivalent to 800 cases) were gathered. We ultimately included 73 consultation records by May 2023, following primary and rescreening, in which no communication records containing private information, images, or voice messages were transmitted. After statistical scoring, we discovered that ChatGPT's "internal information" score (mean 4.61, SD 0.52 points vs mean 4.66, SD 0.49 points; P=.43) and "therapeutic effect" score (mean 4.43, SD 0.75 points vs mean 4.55, SD 0.62 points; P=.32) were lower than those of the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant. ChatGPT showed better performance with a higher "logical reasoning" score (mean 4.81, SD 0.36 points vs mean 4.75, SD 0.39 points; P=.38), "external information" score (mean 4.06, SD 0.72 points vs mean 3.92, SD 0.77 points; P=.25), and "guiding function" score (mean 4.73, SD 0.51 points vs mean 4.72, SD 0.54 points; P=.96), although the differences were not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the "medical knowledge popularization education" score of ChatGPT was better than that of the control group (mean 4.49, SD 0.67 points vs mean 3.87, SD 1.01 points; P<.001), and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of "overall satisfaction," the difference was not statistically significant between the groups (mean 8.35, SD 1.38 points vs mean 8.37, SD 1.24 points; P=.92). According to how Fleiss κ values were interpreted, 6 of the control group's score points were classified as displaying "fair agreement" (P<.001), and 1 was classified as showing "substantial agreement" (P<.001). In the experimental group, 3 points were classified as indicating "fair agreement," while 4 suggested "moderate agreement" (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT-4 matches the expertise found in DingXiangYuan forums' paid consultations, excelling particularly in scientific education. It presents a promising alternative for remote health advice. For health care professionals, it could act as an aid in patient education, while patients may use it as a convenient tool for health inquiries.
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Educação Médica , Consulta Remota , Telemedicina , Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , EscolaridadeRESUMO
Drought stress is a major meteorological threat to crop growth and yield. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a vital cereal crop with strong drought tolerance worldwide. However, the underlying growth properties and metabolomic regulatory module of drought tolerance remains less known. Here, we investigated the plant height, spike length, effective tiller, biomass, average spikelets, 1000-grain weight, number of seeds per plant, grain weight per plant, ash content, protein content, starch content, cellulose content, and metabolomic regulation mechanisms of drought stress in barley. Our results revealed that the growth properties were different between ZDM5430 and IL-12 under drought stress at different growth stages. We found that a total of 12,235 metabolites were identified in two barley genotype root samples with drought treatment. More than 50% of these metabolites showed significant differences between the ZDM5430 and IL-12 roots. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis identified 368 differential metabolites mainly involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis in ZDM5430 under drought stress, whereas the different metabolites of IL-12 under drought stress related to starch and sucrose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism. These metabolites have application in the tricarboxylic cycle, the urea cycle, the met salvage pathway, amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, phenolic metabolism, and glycolysis. On the other hand, the expression patterns of 13 genes related to the abovementioned bioprocesses in different barley genotypes roots were proposed. These findings afford an overview for the understanding of barley roots' metabolic changes in the drought defense mechanism by revealing the differently accumulated compounds.
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Secas , Hordeum , Metabolômica , Hordeum/genética , Hordeum/metabolismo , Hordeum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hordeum/fisiologia , Metabolômica/métodos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Estresse Fisiológico , Metaboloma , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Amido/metabolismo , Resistência à SecaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common and highly disabling condition. Although several studies have evaluated and analyzed prevention and treatment strategies for CAI, an unbiased and systematic synthesis of evidence is required to provide the most powerful and comprehensive evidence-based measures for the its prevention and treatment of CAI. This study aimed to synthesize evidence from the existing literature addressing the treatment and prevention of CAI. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from inception to December 12, 2023. Data on effect sizes and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals for selected intervention measures were extracted. Systematic reviews were assessed for quality of included studies using a measurement tool (i.e., "AMSTAR 2"). RESULTS: In total, 37 studies were included, among which 21 (57 %) were of high or moderate quality. Strong evidence suggested that lower weight (P < 0.001), lower body mass index (P = 0.002), and non-stability defects (P = 0.04) significantly reduced the risk of developing CAI. Strong evidence supported exercise and moderate evidence supported manual therapy, acupuncture, and surgery for improving CAI. Additionally, external support plays an active role in the treatment process of CAI. CONCLUSION: This is the first study synthesizing evidence supporting interventions for the treatment and prevention of CAI. Low body weight and body mass index were effective preventive measures against CAI. Exercise, manual therapy, acupuncture, and surgery can improve ankle function in patients with CAI. Plantar sensory treatment and neuromuscular training may be good therapeutic options for patients with CAI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing Procalcitonin (PCT) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with high fever and suspected intracranial infection after neurosurgery and its clinical application value. METHODS: Between February 2021 and August 2022, CSF and serum samples were collected via lumbar puncture from patients with high fever and suspected intracranial infection in the Intensive Care Unit(ICU) of our hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors influencing elevated PCT in CSF. The diagnostic efficacy of each index was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: A total of 183 CSF samples were collected, of which 148 had increased PCT levels, including 73 cases of intracranial infection and 75 cases in the caseâcontrol group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that intracranial infection [OR = 0.117, 95% CI: 0.025-0.559; p < 0.01] and hemorrhagic CSF [OR = 0.162, 95% CI: 0.029-0.916; p < 0.04] were factors influencing CSF PCT, while trauma [OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 0.76-15.45; p < 0.12], epileptic seizure [OR = 0.00, 95% CI: 0.00; p < 0], age [OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98-1.52; p < 0.32] and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score [OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.78-1.32; p < 0.83] did not influence CSF PCT. The CSF PCT and serum PCT levels in the intracranial infection group and the caseâcontrol group were 0.13 (0.11, 0.25) ng/ml and 0.14 (0.07, 0.25) ng/ml and 0.14 (0.08,0.32) ng/ml and 0.23 (0.13,0.48)ng/ml, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. The median values of CSF lactate in the intracranial infection group and the caseâcontrol group were 6.45 (4.475, 8.325) mmol/l and 3.2 (2.02, 4.200) mmol/l, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the groups.The areas under the ROC curve of CSF PCT, serum PCT,CSF lactate, CSF PCT combined with lactate were 0.59, 0.63, 0.82,and 0.83,respectively. CONCLUSION: Intracranial infection and hemorrhagic CSF are influencing factors for elevated CSF PCT following neurosurgery. It should be noted that the diagnostic value of intracranial infection by CSF PCT elevated alone is limited, but the combination it with other indicators can help improve diagnostic efficacy.
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Neurocirurgia , Pró-Calcitonina , Humanos , Curva ROC , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Ácido Láctico , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a pathophysiological syndrome, characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Immunity and inflammation are progressively recognized properties of PAH, which are crucial for the initiation and maintenance of pulmonary vascular remodeling. This study explored immune cell infiltration characteristics and potential biomarkers of PAH using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. METHODS: Microarray data of GSE117261, GSE113439 and GSE53408 datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in GSE117261 dataset. The proportions of infiltrated immune cells were evaluated by CIBERSORT algorithm. Feature genes of PAH were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and validated by fivefold cross-validation, random forest and logistic regression. The GSE113439 and GSE53408 datasets were used as validation sets and logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to evaluate the prediction value of PAH. The PAH-associated module was identified by weighted gene association network analysis (WGCNA). The intersection of genes in the modules screened and DEGs was used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the core genes were selected. After the intersection of feature genes and core genes, the hub genes were identified. The correlation between hub genes and immune cell infiltration was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The expression level of LTBP1 in the lungs of monocrotaline-induced PAH rats was determined by Western blotting. The localization of LTBP1 and CD4 in lungs of PAH was assayed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: A total of 419 DEGs were identified, including 223 upregulated genes and 196 downregulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that a significant enrichment in inflammation, immune response, and transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) signaling pathway. CIBERSORT analysis showed that ten significantly different types of immune cells were identified between PAH and control. Resting memory CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, M1 macrophages, and resting mast cells in the lungs of PAH patients were significantly higher than control. Seventeen feature genes were identified by LASSO regression for PAH prediction. WGCNA identified 15 co-expression modules. PPI network was constructed and 100 core genes were obtained. Complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (CR1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), latent TGFß binding protein 1 (LTBP1), and toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) were identified as hub genes and LTBP1 has the highest diagnostic efficacy for PAH (AUC = 0.968). Pearson correlation analysis showed that LTBP1 was positively correlated with resting memory CD4+ T cells, but negatively correlated with monocytes and neutrophils. Western blotting showed that the protein level of LTBP1 was increased in the lungs of monocrotaline-induced PAH rats. Immunofluorescence of lung tissues from rats with PAH showed increased expression of LTBP1 in pulmonary arteries as compared to control and LTBP1 was partly colocalized with CD4+ cells in the lungs. CONCLUSION: LTBP1 was correlated with immune cell infiltration and identified as the critical diagnostic maker for PAH.
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Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar , Animais , Ratos , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/genética , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Monocrotalina , Remodelação Vascular , Hipertensão Pulmonar Primária Familiar , Biologia Computacional , Fator de Crescimento Transformador betaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional tendon repair teaching methods, using a virtual reality (VR) simulator to teach tendon suturing can significantly improve medical students' exercise time, operation flow and operation knowledge. At present, the purpose of this study is to explore the long-term influence of VR simulator teaching on the practice performance of medical students. METHOD: This is a one-year long-term follow-up study of a randomized controlled study. A total of 117 participants who completed the initial study were invited to participate in the follow-up study. Participants in the VR group and the control group were required to complete a questionnaire developed by the authors and the teachers in the teaching and research department and to provide their surgical internship scores and Objective Structure Clinical Examination(OSCE) graduation scores. RESULTS: Of the 117 invitees, 108 completed the follow-up. The answers to the questions about career choice and study habits were more positive in the VR group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The total score for clinical practice in the VR group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the OSCE examination, the scores for physical examination, suturing and knotting and image reading were higher in the VR group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the one-year long-term follow-up indicated that compared with medical students experiencing the traditional teaching mode, those experiencing the VR teaching mode had more determined career pursuit and active willingness to learn, better evaluations from teachers in the process of surgical clinical practice, and better scores in physical examination, suturing and knotting and image reading in the OSCE examination. In the study of nonlinear dynamics to cultivate a good learning model for medical students, the VR teaching model is expected to become an effective and stable initial sensitive element. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(25/05/2021, ChiCTR2100046648); http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=90180 .
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Educação Médica , Internato e Residência , Estudantes de Medicina , Realidade Virtual , Humanos , SeguimentosRESUMO
Under climate change, drought is one of the most limiting factors that influences wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Exploring stress-related genes is vital for wheat breeding. To identify genes related to the drought tolerance response, two common wheat cultivars, Zhengmai 366 (ZM366) and Chuanmai 42 (CM42), were selected based on their obvious difference in root length under 15% PEG-6000 treatment. The root length of the ZM366 cultivar was significantly longer than that of CM42. Stress-related genes were identified by RNA-seq in samples treated with 15% PEG-6000 for 7 days. In total, 11,083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) were identified. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were mainly related to the response to water, acidic chemicals, oxygen-containing compounds, inorganic substances, and abiotic stimuli. Among the DEGs, the expression levels of 16 genes in ZM366 were higher than those in CM42 after the 15% PEG-6000 treatment based on RT-qPCR. Furthermore, EMS-induced mutants in Kronos (T. turgidum L.) of 4 representative DEGs possessed longer roots than the WT after the 15% PEG-6000 treatment. Altogether, the drought stress genes identified in this study represent useful gene resources for wheat breeding.
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Secas , Triticum , Triticum/genética , Triticum/metabolismo , Melhoramento Vegetal , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , RNA-Seq , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Transcriptoma , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
Nitrogen is one of the most important mineral elements for plant growth and development. Excessive nitrogen application not only pollutes the environment, but also reduces the quality of crops. However, are few studies on the mechanism of barley tolerance to low nitrogen at both the transcriptome and metabolomics levels. In this study, the nitrogen-efficient genotype (W26) and the nitrogen-sensitive genotype (W20) of barley were treated with low nitrogen (LN) for 3 days and 18 days, then treated with resupplied nitrogen (RN) from 18 to 21 days. Later, the biomass and the nitrogen content were measured, and RNA-seq and metabolites were analyzed. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of W26 and W20 treated with LN for 21 days was estimated by nitrogen content and dry weight, and the values were 87.54% and 61.74%, respectively. It turned out to have a significant difference in the two genotypes under the LN condition. According to the transcriptome analysis, 7926 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7537 DEGs were identified in the leaves of W26 and W20, respectively, and 6579 DEGs and 7128 DEGs were found in the roots of W26 and W20, respectively. After analysis of the metabolites, 458 differentially expressed metabolites (DAMs) and 425 DAMs were found in the leaves of W26 and W20, respectively, and 486 DAMs and 368 DAMs were found in the roots of W26 and W20, respectively. According to the KEGG joint analysis of DEGs and DAMs, it was discovered that glutathione (GSH) metabolism was the pathway of significant enrichment in the leaves of both W26 and W20. In this study, the metabolic pathways of nitrogen metabolism and GSH metabolism of barley under nitrogen were constructed based on the related DAMs and DEGs. In leaves, GSH, amino acids, and amides were the main identified DAMs, while in roots, GSH, amino acids, and phenylpropanes were mainly found DAMs. Finally, some nitrogen-efficient candidate genes and metabolites were selected based on the results of this study. The responses of W26 and W20 to low nitrogen stress were significantly different at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. The candidate genes that have been screened will be verified in future. These data not only provide new insights into how barley responds to LN, but also provide new directions for studying the molecular mechanisms of barley under abiotic stress.
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Hordeum , Transcriptoma , Hordeum/genética , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Metaboloma/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Genótipo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de PlantasRESUMO
Low phosphorus (LP) stress leads to a significant reduction in wheat yield, primarily in the reduction of biomass, the number of tillers and spike grains, the delay in heading and flowering, and the inhibition of starch synthesis and grouting. However, the differences in regulatory pathway responses to low phosphorus stress among different wheat genotypes are still largely unknown. In this study, metabolome and transcriptome analyses of G28 (LP-tolerant) and L143 (LP-sensitive) wheat varieties after 72 h of normal phosphorus (CK) and LP stress were performed. A total of 181 and 163 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected for G28CK vs. G28LP and L143CK vs. L143LP, respectively. Notably, the expression of pilocarpine (C07474) in G28CK vs. G28LP was significantly downregulated 4.77-fold, while the expression of neochlorogenic acid (C17147) in L143CK vs. L143LP was significantly upregulated 2.34-fold. A total of 4023 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired between G28 and L143, of which 1120 DEGs were considered as the core DEGs of LP tolerance of wheat after LP treatment. The integration of metabolomics and transcriptomic data further revealed that the LP tolerance of wheat was closely related to 15 metabolites and 18 key genes in the sugar and amino acid metabolism pathway. The oxidative phosphorylation pathway was enriched to four ATPases, two cytochrome c reductase genes, and fumaric acid under LP treatment. Moreover, PHT1;1, TFs (ARFA, WRKY40, MYB4, MYB85), and IAA20 genes were related to the Pi starvation stress of wheat roots. Therefore, the differences in LP tolerance of different wheat varieties were related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, phytohormones, and PHT proteins, and precisely regulated by the levels of various molecular pathways to adapt to Pi starvation stress. Taken together, this study may help to reveal the complex regulatory process of wheat adaptation to Pi starvation and provide new genetic clues for further study on improving plant Pi utilization efficiency.
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Plântula , Transcriptoma , Plântula/genética , Plântula/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Metaboloma/genética , Fósforo/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de PlantasRESUMO
A series of supported CuO-based nanoparticle catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method and used for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and CO2 in the presence of 2-cyanopyridine as a dehydrant and DMF as a solvent. The effects of supports (activated alumina, silicon dioxide, graphene oxide, graphene, and activated carbon), CuO loading amount, calcination temperature, and reaction parameters on the catalytic activity of the catalyst were investigated in detail. XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET, and CO2-TPD were used for the characterization of the prepared catalysts. It is found that CuO/Al2O3 shows a higher catalytic activity, which depends on the CuO loading amount and calcination temperature. The surface area and number of basic sites of the catalyst exhibit a crucial effect on the catalytic activity of CuO/Al2O3. Furthermore, there is a synergistic effect between the catalyst and 2-cyanopyridine where the former has a higher activation ability for glycerol and the latter acts not only as a dehydrant, but also as a promoter for CO2 activation. Recycling experiments reveal that this catalyst can be reused for at least five cycles without any inactivation. Based on the experiment results and FTIR characterization, a possible reaction mechanism for the carbonylation of glycerol and CO2 is proposed.
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The cause of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the dysfunction of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Circular RNA (circRNA) was found to regulate cell biological functions, including LECs. However, the role of circ-GGA3 in PCO formation is unclear. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of circ-GGA3, miR-497-5p and SMAD4. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were determined via MTT assay, EdU staining, transwell assay and wound healing assay. The protein expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, fibrosis markers, TGF-ß/SMAD pathway markers and SMAD4 were determined by western blot assay. The interaction between miR-497-5p and circ-GGA3 or SMAD4 was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Circ-GGA3 was highly expressed in PCO patients, and its silencing inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT process and fibrosis of TGF-ß2-induced LECs. Circ-GGA3 could sponge miR-497-5p to regulate SMAD4. Further experiments revealed that miR-497-5p inhibitor recovered the negative regulation of circ-GGA3 knockdown on the biological functions of TGF-ß2-induced LECs, and SMAD4 overexpression also abolished the suppressive effect of miR-497-5p. In addition, circ-GGA3/miR-497-5p/SMAD4 axis could activate the TGF-ß/SMAD pathway. Our results indicated that circ-GGA3 could enhance the biological functions of LECs, suggesting that circ-GGA3 might be a potential target for PCO therapy.
Assuntos
Opacificação da Cápsula/genética , Cristalino/citologia , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Circular/genética , Proteína Smad4/genética , Opacificação da Cápsula/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Células Cultivadas , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Inativação Gênica , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During previous pandemic outbreaks, medical staff have reported high levels of psychological distress. The aim of the current study was to report a snapshot of the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its correlated factors on medical staff in Guangdong, China. METHODS: On the 2nd and 3rd February 2020, soon after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, we surveyed medical staff at four hospitals in Guangdong, China, to collect demographic characteristics, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores. RESULTS: Complete responses were received from 1045 medical staff. Respondents were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to their working environment of contacting with potential or confirmed COVID-19 cases. The proportion of staff with anxiety (55.4% v. 43.0%, p < 0.001) or depression (43.6% v. 36.8%, p = 0.028) was significantly higher in the high-risk group than the low-risk group. The percentage of staff with severe anxiety was similar in the two groups. Doctors were more susceptible to moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. The high-risk group had higher levels of clinical insomnia (13.5% v. 8.5%, p = 0.011) and were more likely to be in the upper quartile for stress symptoms (24.7% v. 19.3%, p = 0.037) than the low-risk group. Additionally, work experience negatively correlated with insomnia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: It is important for hospitals and authorities to protect both the physical and psychological health of medical staff during times of pandemic, even those with a low exposure risk.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Humanos , Corpo Clínico/psicologia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is increasingly reported worldwide. Clinicians face significant challenges in the treatment of this multidrug-resistant bacterium. The combination of ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and aztreonam (ATM) is currently probably the most effective strategy for the treatment of such infection. We described a patient diagnosed with NK/T cell lymphoma who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the hematology department. The patient developed severe infection after ASCT. Blood and stool cultures showed carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Blood sample was detected as NDM-producing K. pneumoniae. We successfully treated this infection with CAZ/AVI and ATM.
RESUMO
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the major complication after cataract surgery and can result in secondary vision loss. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are reported to play critical regulatory roles in multiple cell biological processes. The most common working mechanism of circRNAs is by acting as microRNA sponges. Here, we analyzed the role and mechanism of circRNA RNA polymerase III subunit A (POLR3A) in PCO. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell motility was assessed by transwell and wound healing assays. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-pull-down assays were performed to verify the interaction between microRNA-31 (miR-31) and circ-POLR3A or thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). PCO cell model was established by treating SRA01/04 cells with transforming growth factor-ß2 (TGF-ß2). We found that TGF-ß2 enhanced SRA01/04 cell viability, migration, and invasion abilities. Circ-POLR3A expression was upregulated in PCO tissues and TGF-ß2-induced SRA01/04 cells. TGF-ß2 promoted the viability and motility of SRA01/04 cells largely by upregulating circ-POLR3A. Circ-POLR3A negatively regulated the miR-31 level by directly interacting with it. Circ-POLR3A absence-induced influences in TGF-ß2-induced SRA01/04 cells were partly reversed by silencing miR-31. miR-31 is directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of TXNIP. TXNIP overexpression largely attenuated miR-31 overexpression-mediated effects in TGF-ß2-induced SRA01/04 cells. Circ-POLR3A could elevate the protein expression of TXNIP by sponging miR-31. Exosomes were involved in mediating the delivery of circ-POLR3A in SRA01/04 cells. In conclusion, circ-POLR3A contributed to TGF-ß2-induced promotion of cell viability, migration, and invasion of SRA01/04 cells by targeting miR-31/TXNIP axis.
Assuntos
Opacificação da Cápsula , MicroRNAs , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Opacificação da Cápsula/genética , Opacificação da Cápsula/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Humanos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Polimerase III/genética , RNA Polimerase III/metabolismo , RNA Polimerase III/farmacologia , RNA Circular/genética , Tiorredoxinas , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2/farmacologia , Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores/genética , Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores/metabolismo , Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The zinc transporter ZIP12 is a membrane-spanning protein that transports zinc ions into the cytoplasm from the extracellular space. Recent studies demonstrated that upregulation of ZIP12 is involved in elevation of cytosolic free zinc and excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by hypoxia. However, the expression of ZIP12 and its role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats have not been evaluated previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ZIP12 on the proliferation and migration of PASMCs and its underlying mechanisms in MCT-induced PAH. METHODS: A PAH rat model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg MCT twice at one-week intervals. PASMCs were isolated from the pulmonary arteries of rats with MCT-induced PAH or control rats. The expression of ZIP12 and related molecules was detected in the lung tissues and cells. A ZIP12 knockdown lentivirus and an overexpressing lentivirus were constructed and transfected into PASMCs derived from PAH and control rats, respectively. EdU assays, wound healing assays and Western blotting were carried out to explore the function of ZIP12 in PASMCs. RESULTS: Increased ZIP12 expression was observed in PASMCs derived from MCT-induced PAH rats. The proliferation and migration of PASMCs from PAH rats were significantly increased compared with those from control rats. These results were corroborated by Western blot analysis of PCNA and cyclin D1. All these effects were significantly reversed by silencing ZIP12. Comparatively, ZIP12 overexpression resulted in the opposite effects as shown in PASMCs from control rats. Furthermore, selective inhibition of AKT phosphorylation by LY294002 abolished the effect of ZIP12 overexpression on enhancing cell proliferation and migration and partially suppressed the increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by ZIP12 overexpression. However, inhibition of ERK activity by U0126 resulted in partial reversal of this effect and did not influence an increase in AKT phosphorylation induced by ZIP12 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: ZIP12 is involved in MCT-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and enhances the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. The mechanism of these effects was partially mediated by enhancing the AKT/ERK signaling pathways.