Universal Fully Integrated Wearable Sensor Arrays for the Multiple Electrolyte and Metabolite Monitoring in Raw Sweat, Saliva, or Urine.

Fully integrated wearable sensors are capable of dynamically, directly, and independently tracking biomarkers in raw noninvasive biofluids without any other equipment or accessories by integrating the unique on-body monitoring feature with the special complete functional implementation attribute. Sweat, saliva, and urine are three important noninvasive biofluids, and changes in their biomarkers hold great potential for revealing physiological conditions. However, it is still a challenge to design single fully integrated wearable sensor arrays (FIWSAs) that are universally able to concurrently measure electrolytes and metabolites in three of the most common noninvasive biofluids including sweat, saliva, and urine. Here, we propose the first single universal FIWSAs for wirelessly, noninvasively, and simultaneously measuring various metabolites (i.e., uric acid) and electrolytes (i.e., Na+ and H+) in raw sweat, saliva, or urine under subjects' exercise by integrating the specifically designed microfluidic, sensing, and electronic modules in a seamless manner. We evaluate its utility for noninvasive gout management in healthy subjects and in gout patients through a purine-rich meal challenge and with a medicine-treatment control, respectively. Noninvasive monitoring of multiple electrolytes and metabolites in a variety of raw noninvasive biofluids via such single universal FIWSAs may enrich the understanding of the biomarkers' levels in the body and would also facilitate self-health management.

Danggui Buxue Decoction: Comparative pharmacokinetic research on six bio-active components in different states by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after oral administration.

Danggui Buxue Decoction is a classic formula containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix in a 5:1 ratio and has been extensively used to treat blood deficiency for thousands of years. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in plasma protein binding, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution of Danggui Buxue Decoction in normal and blood-deficient rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The effects on peripheral blood routine were verified. The compounds exhibited higher plasma protein binding and absorption in the model group compared to the control group, except formononetin. The six ingredients were distributed widely, and the highest concentrations were detected in the heart and uterus. As has been demonstrated in the previous study of the effect of Danggui Buxue Decoction, its potential is to serve as an effective traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating cardiovascular diseases and impacting estrogenic properties, which reveals the potential target organs of Danggui Buxue Decoction the heart and uterus. Our findings suggested that the absorption and distribution of different components in Danggui Buxue Decoction varies depending on the pathological state, molecular weight, lipid solubility, transporter-mediated efflux, and other factors.

Study on the dynamic metabolic characteristic of main active ingredients in Danggui Buxue Decoction by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on in situ sequential metabolism strategy.

Danggui Buxue Decoction is a classic formula for replenishing qi and nourishing blood. Despite its widespread use, its dynamic metabolism involved remains unclear. Based on the sequential metabolism strategy, blood samples from different metabolic sites were obtained via in situ closed intestine ring integrated with a jugular venous continuous blood supply technique. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-linear triple quadruple-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification of prototypes and metabolites in rat plasma. The dynamic absorption and metabolic landscape of flavonoids, saponins, and phthalides were characterized. Flavonoids could be deglycosylated, deacetylated, demethylated, dehydroxylated, and glucuronicated in the gut and then absorbed for further metabolism. Jejunum is an important metabolic site for saponins biotransformation. Saponins that are substituted by Acetyl groups tend to lose their acetyl groups and convert to Astragaloside IV in the jejunum. Phthalides could be hydroxylated and glucuronidated in the gut and then absorbed for further metabolism. Seven components serve as crucial joints in the metabolic network and are potential candidates for the quality control of Danggui Buxue Decoction. The sequential metabolism strategy described in this study could be useful for characterizing the metabolic pathways of Chinese medicine and natural products in the digestive system.

A Bifunctional Fully Integrated Wearable Tracker for Epidermal Sweat and Wound Exudate Multiple Biomarkers Monitoring.

Fully integrated wearable electronics that combine the extraordinary feature of incessant and on-body operation with the distinctive external equipment-free trait are the ultimate goal of modern wearables. Epidermal sweat and wound exudate, as two noninvasively accessible biofluids on/surrounding the skin, reflect underlying health conditions. However, the design of universal wearable sensors with the bifunctional capability to monitor both epidermal secretions is still a challenge. Here, a single bifunctional fully integrated wearable tracker for wirelessly, simultaneously, and dynamically in situ measuring multiple epidermal sweat or wound exudate biomarkers is propos. Considering the electrolytes (e.g., Na+ , K+ , and H+ ) and metabolites (e.g., uric acid (UA)) levels in sweat or wound exudate may correlate with health or wound conditions, the dynamic and skin-on tracking of the biomarkers of Na+ , K+ , pH, and UA levels in sweat under subjects' exercise and in wound exudate during subjects' wound healing are performed through the seamless integration of microfluidic, sensing, and electronic modules. Its applicability is evaluated for noninvasive hyperuricemia management in hyperuricemia/healthy subjects through a purine-rich intake test and for wound management in subjects' infected wounds through a control medical treatment.

Effects of MRI protocols on brain FDG uptake in simultaneous PET/MR imaging.

PURPOSE: To investigate the potential effects of MRI protocols on brain FDG uptake in simultaneous PET/MR imaging. METHODS: Seventy healthy subjects and ten patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were enrolled. Healthy subjects were divided to three groups to undergo different PET/MR scan protocols: "continuous MRI" with MRI stimulation presented during the whole scan, "late MRI" with MRI stimulation started after 40 min glucose uptake, and "no MRI" without MRI stimulation at all. Region-wise and voxel-wise differences in FDG uptake among the three protocols were compared. All epilepsy patients were scanned with the "continuous MRI" scan protocol. The effects of MRI protocol stimulation on pathological interpretation were evaluated. RESULTS: Highest global averaged metabolism was found in the normal dataset with continuous MRI scan protocol (P < 0.05). Specifically, we observed higher FDG uptake in the primary auditory cortex, putamen, and lower FDG uptake in the occipital lobe and cerebellum during the "continuous MRI" scan protocol. However, MRI protocol stimulation after 40 min glucose uptake did not cause any significant differences in FDG uptake. Respectively compared to the normal dataset, patients with epilepsy showed consistent hypometabolism in the temporal lobe. Besides, significant metabolism changes in the primary auditory cortex, vermis, and occipital lobe were found in the "late MRI" protocol. CONCLUSION: The effects of MRI protocol on brain FDG uptake were varied. The effects, including from other practical setting, were conspicuous for scans where MRI protocol started immediately after glucose uptake, but would dramatically decrease to negligible 40 min later. Hence, it would be necessary for pathology studies to collect data from a normal control group using the same scan protocol for unbiased evaluation.

Morphometric analysis program and quantitative positron emission tomography in presurgical localization in MRI-negative epilepsies: a simultaneous PET/MRI study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate morphometric analysis program (MAP) and quantitative positron emission tomography (QPET) in epileptogenic zone (EZ) identification using a simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) system in MRI-negative epilepsies. METHODS: Seventy-one localization-related MRI-negative epilepsies who underwent preoperative simultaneous PET/MRI examination and surgical resection were enrolled retrospectively. MAP was performed on a T1-weighted volumetric sequence, and QPET was analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) with comparison to age- and gender-matched normal controls. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MAP, QPET, MAP + QPET, and MAP/QPET in EZ localization were assessed. The correlations between surgical outcome and modalities concordant with cortical resection were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-five (63.4%) patients had Engel I seizure outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MAP were 64.4%, 69.2%, 78.3%, and 52.9%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of QPET were 73.3%, 65.4%, 78.6%, and 58.6%, respectively. MAP + QPET, defined as two tests concordant with cortical resection, had reduced sensitivity (53.3%) but increased specificity (88.5%) relative to individual tests. MAP/QPET, defined as one or both tests concordant with cortical resection, had increased sensitivity (86.7%) but reduced specificity (46.2%) relative to individual tests. The regions determined by MAP, QPET, MAP + QPET, or MAP/QPET concordant with cortical resection were significantly associated with the seizure-free outcome. CONCLUSION: QPET has a superior sensitivity than MAP, while the combined MAP + QPET obtained from a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner may improve the specificity of the diagnostic tests in EZ localization coupled with the preferable surgical outcome in MRI-negative epilepsies.

Individual [18F]FDG PET and functional MRI based on simultaneous PET/MRI may predict seizure recurrence after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the individual measures of brain glucose metabolism, neural activity obtained from simultaneous 18[F]FDG PET/MRI, and their association with surgical outcomes in medial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE-HS). METHODS: Thirty-nine unilateral mTLE-HS patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy were classified as having completely seizure-free (Engel class IA; n = 22) or non-seizure-free (Engel class IB-IV; n = 17) outcomes at 1 year after surgery. Preoperative [18F]FDG PET and functional MRI (fMRI) were obtained from a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner, and individual glucose metabolism and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) were evaluated by standardizing these with respect to healthy controls. These abnormality measures and clinical data from each patient were incorporated into a machine learning framework (gradient boosting decision tree and logistic regression analysis) to estimate seizure recurrence. The predictive values of features were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the training and test cohorts. RESULTS: The machine learning classification model showed [18F]FDG PET and fMRI variations in contralateral hippocampal network and age of onset identify unfavorable surgical outcomes effectively. In the validation dataset, the logistic regression model with [18F]FDG PET and fALFF obtained from simultaneous [18F]FDG PET/MRI gained the maximum area under the ROC curve of 0.905 for seizure recurrence, higher than 0.762 with 18[F]-FDG PET, and 0.810 with fALFF alone. CONCLUSION: Machine learning model suggests individual [18F]FDG PET and fMRI variations in contralateral hippocampal network based on 18[F]-FDG PET/MRI could serve as a potential biomarker of unfavorable surgical outcomes. KEY POINTS: • Individual [18F]FDG PET and fMRI obtained from preoperative [18F]FDG PET/MR were investigated. • Individual differences were further assessed based on a seizure propagation network. • Machine learning can classify surgical outcomes with 90.5% accuracy.

[18F]FDG PET/MRI and magnetoencephalography may improve presurgical localization of temporal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical value of the combination of [18F]FDG PET/MRI and magnetoencephalography (MEG) ([18F]FDG PET/MRI/MEG) in localizing the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with localization-related TLE who underwent [18F]FDG PET/MRI and MEG were enrolled retrospectively. PET/MRI images were interpreted by two radiologists; the focal hypometabolism on PET was identified using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). MEG spike sources were co-registered onto T1-weighted sequence and analyzed by Neuromag software. The clinical value of [18F]FDG PET/MRI, MEG, and PET/MRI/MEG in locating the EZ was assessed using cortical resection and surgical outcomes as criteria. The correlations between surgical outcomes and modalities concordant or non-concordant with cortical resection were analyzed. RESULTS: For 46.6% (34/73) of patients, MRI showed definitely structural abnormality concordant with surgical resection. SPM results of [18F]FDG PET showed focal temporal lobe hypometabolism concordant with surgical resection in 67.1% (49/73) of patients, while the concordant cases increased to 82.2% (60/73) patients with simultaneous MRI co-registration. MEG was concordant with surgical resection in 71.2% (52/73) of patients. The lobar localization was defined in 94.5% (69/73) of patients by the [18F]FDG PET/MRI/MEG. The results of PET/MRI/MEG concordance with surgical resection were significantly higher than that of PET/MRI or MEG (χ2 = 13.948, p < 0.001; χ2 = 5.393, p = 0.020). The results of PET/MRI/MEG cortical resection concordance with surgical outcome were shown to be better than PET/MRI or MEG (χ2 = 6.695, p = 0.012; χ2 = 16.991, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Presurgical evaluation by [18F]FDG PET/MRI/MEG could improve the identification of the EZ in TLE and may further guide surgical decision-making. KEY POINTS: • Lobar localization was defined in 94.5% of patients by the [18F]FDG PET/MRI/MEG. • The results of PET/MRI/MEG concordance with surgical resection were significantly higher than that of PET/MRI or MEG alone. • The results of PET/MRI/MEG cortical resection concordance with surgical outcome were shown to be better than that of PET/MRI or MEG alone.

A Novel Cascade Nanoreactor Integrating Two-Dimensional Pd-Ru Nanozyme, Uricase and Red Blood Cell Membrane for Highly Efficient Hyperuricemia Treatment.

Nanozyme-based cascade reaction has emerged as an effective strategy for disease treatment because of its high efficiency and low side effects. Herein, a new and highly active two-dimensional Pd-Ru nanozyme is prepared and then integrated with uricase and red blood cell (RBC) membrane to fabricate a tandem nanoreactor, Pd-Ru/Uricase@RBC, for hyperuricemia treatment. The designed Pd-Ru/Uricase@RBC nanoreactor displayed not only good stability against extreme pH, temperature and proteolytic degradation, but also long circulation half-life and excellent safety. The nanoreactor can effectively degrade UA by uricase to allantoin and H2 O2 and remove H2 O2 by using Pd-Ru nanosheets (NSs) with the catalase (CAT)-like activity. More importantly, the finally produced O2 from H2 O2 decomposition can in turn facilitate the catalytic oxidation of UA, as the degradation of UA is an O2 consumption process. By integrating the high-efficiency enzymatic activity, long circulation capability, and good biocompatibility, the designed Pd-Ru/Uricase@RBC can effectively and safely treat hyperuricemia without side effects. The study affords a new alternative for the exploration of clinical treatment of hyperuricemia.

A New Memristor with 2D Ti3 C2 Tx MXene Flakes as an Artificial Bio-Synapse.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive research interest in academia due to their excellent electrochemical properties and broad application prospects. Among them, 2D transition metal carbides (Ti3 C2 Tx ) show semiconductor characteristics and are studied widely. However, there are few academic reports on the use of 2D MXene materials as memristors. In this work, reported is a memristor based on MXene Ti3 C2 Tx flakes. After electroforming, Al/Ti3 C2 Tx /Pt devices exhibit repeatable resistive switching (RS) behavior. More interestingly, the resistance of this device can be continuously modulated under the pulse sequence with 10 ns pulse width, and the pulse width of 10 ns is much lower than that in other reported work. Moreover, on the nanosecond scale, the transition from short-term plasticity to long-term plasticity is achieved. These two properties indicate that this device is favorable for ultrafast biological synapse applications and high-efficiency training of neural networks. Through the exploration of the microstructure, Ti vacancies and partial oxidation are proposed as the origins of the physical mechanism of RS behavior. This work reveals that 2D MXene Ti3 C2 Tx flakes have excellent potential for use in memristor devices, which may open the door for more functions and applications.

Vacancy-Induced Synaptic Behavior in 2D WS2 Nanosheet-Based Memristor for Low-Power Neuromorphic Computing.

Memristors with nonvolatile memory characteristics have been expected to open a new era for neuromorphic computing and digital logic. However, existing memristor devices based on oxygen vacancy or metal-ion conductive filament mechanisms generally have large operating currents, which are difficult to meet low-power consumption requirements. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop new materials to realize memristor devices that are different from the mechanisms of oxygen vacancy or metal-ion conductive filaments to realize low-power operation. Herein, high-performance and low-power consumption memristors based on 2D WS2 with 2H phase are demonstrated, which show fast ON (OFF) switching times of 13 ns (14 ns), low program current of 1 µA in the ON state, and SET (RESET) energy reaching the level of femtojoules. Moreover, the memristor can mimic basic biological synaptic functions. Importantly, it is proposed that the generation of sulfur and tungsten vacancies and electron hopping between vacancies are dominantly responsible for the resistance switching performance. Density functional theory calculations show that the defect states formed by sulfur and tungsten vacancies are at deep levels, which prevent charge leakage and facilitate the realization of low-power consumption for neuromorphic computing application.

Disrupted functional connectivity and activity in the white matter of the sensorimotor system in patients with pontine strokes.

BACKGROUND: White matter (WM) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals are reported to be related to neural activity. However, sensitivity of WM BOLD signals to disease remains unclear. PURPOSE: To investigate WM BOLD signal changes, directional variations of resting-state correlations in sensorimotor system in patients with pontine strokes, and to determine the relationship between WM BOLD signals and motor deficits. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Ethical approval was obtained from the local Ethics Committee and each participant gave written informed consent. Sixteen patients with focal pontine lesions and 16 age-matched control subjects were included. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T T1 -weighted anatomic images using a 3D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence. Resting-state fMRI images using gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence. Diffusion-weighted images using single-shot spin-echo diffusion echo-planar imaging. ASSESSMENT: Relevant WM tracts in the sensorimotor system by region of interest-wise analysis were identified. Power spectra of BOLD signals and anisotropy of resting-state correlations were measured in sensorimotor system and compared between two groups. Their relationships with clinical scores were analyzed. STATISTICAL TESTS: Two-sample t-test; partial correlation analysis. RESULTS: Power spectra of BOLD signals in nerve tracts on the ipsilesional side were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with that in healthy subjects, the anisotropy of resting-state correlations along identified WM tracts was decreased in the thalamus-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bundle on the contralesional side, and all nerve tracts on the ipsilesional side. Partial least squares regression analysis showed the predicted outcome scores correlated significantly with actual Fugl-Meyer scores (R2 = 0.944, P = 0.013). DATA CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that disrupted activity and functional connectivity in WM areas of the sensorimotor system can be detected in pontine strokes, and may serve as a biomarker for motor function prediction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:478-486.

Mesoscopic-Functionalization of Silk Fibroin with Gold Nanoclusters Mediated by Keratin and Bioinspired Silk Synapse.

Silk fibroin (SF) offers great opportunities in manufacturing biocompatible/partially biodegradable devices with environmental benignity and biomedical applications. To obtain active SF devices of next generation, this work is to demonstrate a new functionalization strategy of the mesoscopic functionalization for soft materials. Unlike the atomic functionalization of solid materials, the meso-functionalization is to incorporate meso-dopants, i.e., functional molecules or nanomaterials, quantum dots, into the mesoscopic networks of soft materials. In this work, wool keratin (WK) molecules were adopted as mediating molecules to incorporate gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), into the mesoscopic networks of SF. It follows from our analyses that the ß-crystallites between WK and SF molecules establish the binding between WK@AuNCs and the SF networks. The incorporated WK@AuNCs are electron rich and serve as electronically charged nano particles to bridge the growth of Ag filaments in bio-degradable WK@AuNCs-SF memristors. The meso-functionalization can greatly enhance the performance of SF materials and endows them with new functionalities. This can be highlighted by biocompatible/partly degradable WK@AuNCs functionalized SF resistive random-access memories, having the enhanced resistive switching memory performance, and the unique synapse characteristics and the capability of synapse learning compared with neat SF devices, and of great importance in nonvolatile memory, analog circuits, and neuromorphic applications.

Gray matter morphological anomalies in the cerebellar vermis in first-episode schizophrenia patients with cognitive deficits.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive deficits are a core feature of early schizophrenia. However, the pathological foundations underlying cognitive deficits are still unknown. The present study examined the association between gray matter density and cognitive deficits in first-episode schizophrenia. METHOD: Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 34 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 21 healthy controls. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to working memory task performance. The three groups were well matched for age, gender, and education, and the two patient groups were also further matched for diagnosis, duration of illness, and antipsychotic treatment. Voxel-based morphometric analysis was performed to estimate changes in gray matter density in first-episode schizophrenia patients with cognitive deficits. The relationships between gray matter density and clinical outcomes were explored. RESULTS: Patients with cognitive deficits were found to have reduced gray matter density in the vermis and tonsil of cerebellum compared with patients without cognitive deficits and healthy controls, decreased gray matter density in left supplementary motor area, bilateral precentral gyrus compared with patients without cognitive deficits. Classifier results showed GMD in cerebellar vermis tonsil cluster could differentiate SZ-CD from controls, left supplementary motor area cluster could differentiate SZ-CD from SZ-NCD. Gray matter density values of the cerebellar vermis cluster in patients groups were positively correlated with cognitive severity. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased gray matter density in the vermis and tonsil of cerebellum may underlie early psychosis and serve as a candidate biomarker for schizophrenia with cognitive deficits.

RGCA: A Reliable GPU Cluster Architecture for Large-Scale Internet of Things Computing Based on Effective Performance-Energy Optimization.

This paper aims to develop a low-cost, high-performance and high-reliability computing system to process large-scale data using common data mining algorithms in the Internet of Things (IoT) computing environment. Considering the characteristics of IoT data processing, similar to mainstream high performance computing, we use a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) cluster to achieve better IoT services. Firstly, we present an energy consumption calculation method (ECCM) based on WSNs. Then, using the CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) Programming model, we propose a Two-level Parallel Optimization Model (TLPOM) which exploits reasonable resource planning and common compiler optimization techniques to obtain the best blocks and threads configuration considering the resource constraints of each node. The key to this part is dynamic coupling Thread-Level Parallelism (TLP) and Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP) to improve the performance of the algorithms without additional energy consumption. Finally, combining the ECCM and the TLPOM, we use the Reliable GPU Cluster Architecture (RGCA) to obtain a high-reliability computing system considering the nodes' diversity, algorithm characteristics, etc. The results show that the performance of the algorithms significantly increased by 34.1%, 33.96% and 24.07% for Fermi, Kepler and Maxwell on average with TLPOM and the RGCA ensures that our IoT computing system provides low-cost and high-reliability services.

Identification of genes associated with the differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells to osteocytes or myocytes.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been considered as the optimal cells for regenerative medicine because ADSCs have the potential of multi-directional differentiation. To study the mechanisms of ADSCs differentiation, we analyzed microarray of GSE37329. GSE37329 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus including 3 ADSCs, 2 ADSCs-derived osteocytes, and 2 ADSCs-derived myocytes samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using limma package. Their underlying functions were predicted by gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses. Besides, the interaction relationships of the proteins encoded by DEGs were obtained from STRING database, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape. Furthermore, modules analysis of PPI network was performed using MCODE in Cytoscape. We screened 662 and 484 DEG separately for the ADSCs-derived osteocytes and myocytes compared with ADSCs. There were 205 common up-regulated and 128 common down-regulated DEGs between the two groups. Function enrichment indicated that these common DEGs, especially, VEGFA, FGF2, and EGR1 may be related to cell differentiation. PPI network for common DEGs also suggested that VEGFA (degree = 29), FGF2 (degree = 17), and EGR1 (degree = 12) might be more important because they had higher connectivity degrees, and they might be involved in cell differentiation by interacting with other genes in module A (e.g., EGR1-NGF and EGR1-LEP), and B (e.g., VEGFA-PDGFD). Additionally, the IGF1 and BTG1 may be, respectively, specific for osteocytes and myocytes differentiation. VEGFA, PDGFD, FGF2, EGR1, NGF, LEP, IGF1, and BTG1 might serve as target genes in regulating ADSCs differentiation.

[Analysis of multicomponent drug metabolism used in clinical pharmacy research of traditional Chinese medicine].

Multicomponent drug metabolism can be defined as a research area that, rather than pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, is a concerted dynamic metabolic variation of one component in several other compounds circumstance with the interaction of transport protein and drug metabolizing enzymes, and the study of the dynamic course of multiple components must be simultaneously determined. By the use of multicomponent drug metabolism in the clinical pharmacy research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it can become a useful tool with the integration of the overall dialectical method and the concrete molecular approach.

[Combination analysis of new drug discovery with "Xiaohe Silian" method and traditional Chinese medicine clinical pharmacy].

With the kernel of efficacy, "Xiaohe Silian" was a pattern and method for new drug discovery which was constituted with "metabolism-efficacy, toxicity-efficacy, quality-efficacy and structure-efficacy". Its connotation was in keeping with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical pharmacy. This paper systematically summarized the research method of new drug discovery practice process for TCM. To avoid western drug like in TCM new drug discovery, we carried out combination analysis with TCM clinical pharmacy. The correlation analysis between basic elements of "Xiaohe Silian(n) and TCM clinical pharmacy was studied to guarantee this method could integrate closely with TCM clinic from all angles. Hence, this method aimed to provide a new method for TCM new drug discovery on the basis of TCM clinical pharmacy with insisting on holistic view of multicomponent study, kinetic view of metabolic process when the curative effect occurred and molecular material view of quality control and structure-activity exposition.

Seconds Timescale Synthesis of Highly Stretchable Antibacterial Hydrogel for Skin Wound Closure and Epidermal Strain Sensor.

Effective wound healing is critical for patient care, and the development of novel wound dressing materials that promote healing, prevent infection, and are user-friendly is of great importance, particularly in the context of point-of-care testing (POCT). This study reports the synthesis of a hydrogel material that can be produced in less than 10 s and possesses antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, as well as the ability to inhibit the growth of eukaryotic cells, such as yeast. The hydrogel is formed wholly based on covalent-like hydrogen bonding interactions and exhibits excellent mechanical properties, with the ability to stretch up to more than 600% of its initial length. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrates ultra-fast self-healing properties, with fractures capable of being repaired within 10 s. This hydrogel can promote skin wound healing, with the added advantage of functioning as a strain sensor that generates an electrical signal in response to physical deformation. The strain sensor composed of a rubber shell realizes fast and responsive strain sensing. The findings suggest that this hydrogel has promising applications in the field of POCT for wound care, providing a new avenue for improved patient outcomes.