Humoral immune response to tumor-associated antigen Ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1) and its tumor-promoting potential in lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the expression of UBQLN1 in lung cancer (LC) tissue and the diagnostic capability of autoantibody to UBQLN1 (anti-UBQLN1) in the detection of LC and the discrimination of pulmonary nodules (PNs). METHODS: Sera from 798 participants were used to discover and validate the level of autoantibodies via HuProt microarray and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression analysis was applied to establish model. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic potential. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect UBQLN1 expression in 88 LC tissues and 88 para-tumor tissues. qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of UBQLN1 at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Trans-well assay and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to investigate the function of UBQLN1. RESULTS: Anti-UBQLN1 was identified with the highest fold change by protein microarray. The level of anti-UBQLN1 in LC patients was obviously higher than that in NC or patients with benign lung disease of validation cohort 1 (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of anti-UBQLN1 was 0.610 (95%CI: 0.508-0.713) while reached at 0.822 (95%CI: 0.784-0.897) when combining anti-UBQLN1 with CEA, CYFRA21-1, CA125 and three CT indicators (vascular notch sign, lobulation sign and mediastinal lymph node enlargement) in the discrimination of PNs. UBQLN1 protein was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues compared to para-tumor tissues. UBQLN1 knockdown remarkably inhibited the migration, invasion and proliferation of LUAD cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-UBQLN1 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of LC and the discrimination of PNs.

Accessing 1,8-Naphthyridone-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Application to the Synthesis of Amfonelic Acid.

1,8-Naphthyridone-3-carboxyl is the core structure of several on-market antibacterial drugs. It has prompted significant interest from the synthetic community. Here, we report a practical synthesis of diversely functionalized 1,8-naphthyridone-3-carboxylic acid derivatives starting from readily available and inexpensive nicotinic acid derivatives. All key steps have been optimized. Furthermore, the usefulness of this protocol has been exemplified by the first synthesis of amfonelic acid.

Genetic etiology of agenesis of the corpus callosum: a retrospective single-center cohort analysis of 114 fetuses.

PURPOSE: The identification and prognosis of the agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) for prenatal consultation are complex and currently unclear. This study aims to explore the correlated genetic mutations of prenatal ACC. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 114 prenatal cases of ACC. All cases (n = 114) were subjected to chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and 66 CMA-negative cases underwent prenatal exome sequencing (pES) for further analysis. RESULTS: CMA was diagnosed positively in 15/114 (13.2%) cases and pES was diagnosed positively in 24/66 (36.4%) CMA-negative cases. The detection rate of genetic causes between complete and partial ACCs was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Between isolated and non-isolated (other anomalies present) ACCs, the diagnostic rate of pES in non-isolated cases was significantly higher (P < 0.001), while CMA results did not differ (P > 0.05). The diagnostic rate of CMA was significantly increased in cases combined with intracranial and extracranial malformations (P = 0.014), while no CMA positivity was detected in cases combined with only intracranial malformations. CONCLUSION: For fetuses with prenatal ACC, further pES analysis should be recommended after negative CMA results. Chromosome abnormalities are less likely to occur when ACC with only intracranial malformations combined.

Global burden of stomach cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2044.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the global temporal trends of stomach cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2019 and to predict the global burden by 2044. STUDY DESIGN: This was a comprehensive analysis based on data provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. METHODS: Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding age-standardised rates of stomach cancer attributable to smoking by sociodemographic index (SDI), region, country, sex, and age were used to assess temporal trends from 1990 to 2019 by calculating the average annual percentage change (AAPC). In addition, the global burden of stomach cancer attributable to smoking up to 2044 was predicted using age-period-cohort models. RESULTS: Globally, in 2019, 17.96% of stomach cancer deaths (1.72 million) and 17.15% of stomach cancer DALYs (38.13 million) were attributable to smoking, representing an increase compared to 1990; however, smoking-attributable age-standardised rates of mortality (ASMRs) and DALYs (ASDRs) significantly declined to 2.12/100,000 and 45.82/100,000 in 2019, respectively. While stomach cancer ASMR and ASDR attributable to smoking decreased in all regions and in most countries, they increased by >10% in some countries. A positive correlation was found between SDI and age-standardised rates (rASMR = 0.28, P < 0.01; rASDR = 0.29, P < 0.01). By 2044, although global age-standardised rates for smoking-attributable stomach cancer are predicted to decline, deaths and DALYs are estimated to increase to 2.22 million and 42.14 million, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Stomach cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking have increased over the past 30 years and will continue to increase. Consequently, targeted prevention efforts and tobacco-control strategies need to be further developed and improved.

Autoantibody signatures discovered by HuProt protein microarray to enhance the diagnosis of lung cancer.

This study aims to discover novel autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and establish diagnostic models for assisting in the diagnosis of lung cancer and discrimination of pulmonary nodules (PNs). Ten autoantibodies to TAAbs (TAAbs) were discovered by means of protein microarray and their serum level was also higher in 212 LC patients than that in 212 NC of validation cohort 1 (P < 0.05). The model 1 comprising 4 TAAbs and CEA reached an AUC of 0.813 (95%CI: 0.762-0.864) for diagnosing LC from normal individuals. Five TAAbs existed a significant difference between 105 malignant pulmonary nodules (MPNs) and 105 benign pulmonary nodules (BPNs) patients in validation cohort 2 (P < 0.05). Model 2 could distinguish MPNs from BPNs with an AUC of 0.845. High-throughput protein microarray is an efficient approach in discovering novel TAAbs which could be used as biomarkers in lung cancer diagnosis.

Estimation of gastric cancer burden attributable to Helicobacter pylori infection in Asia.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori causes large burden of gastric cancer (GC) in Asia. We aimed to comprehensively quantify the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection in Asia. METHODS: We searched related articles from January 1998 to December 2020 to obtain the prevalence and relative risks (or odds ratio) of GC associated with H. pylori in Asia. The burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection was quantified by Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). RESULTS: We quantified the burden of GC attributable to H. pylori infection with 415.6 thousand DALYs and 38.03% PAF through the five included Asian countries in 2019. The study found that the burden had obvious regional differences. The DALYs ranged from 298.9 thousand in China to 1.9 thousand in Malaysia, and the PAFs were between 58.00% in Japan and 30.89% in China. The average prevalence of H. pylori in the included general population was estimated to be 56.29%. CONCLUSIONS: Helicobacter pylori poses a huge disease burden of GC to the population, and its eradication should receive attention, especially in the countries with high incidence of and mortality due to GC.

Micro-TESE surgery combined with ICSI regimen in the treatment of non-obstructive azoospermia patients and its effect analysis.

This study aimed to analyze the clinical effects of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) surgery combined with an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) regimen in the treatment of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients with different etiologies. In total, 128 NOA patients participated in this study, in which they received infertility treatment by micro-TESE surgery combined with an ICSI regimen, and all patients were divided into three groups [the Klinefelter syndrome (KS), the idiopathic and the secondary NOA groups]. In addition, the sperm retrieval rate (SRR), fertilization rate, embryo development status and clinical treatment effects were analyzed. Among the 128 NOA patients, the SRR of KS NOA patients was 48.65%, those of idiopathic and the secondary patients were 33.82% and 73.91%, respectively. Regardless of etiologies, there was no correlation with age, hormone value or testicular volume. Further analysis showed that the SRR of the KS group was positively related with testosterone (T) values, and the SRR of the secondary group had a positive relationship with follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone values. In the subsequent clinical treatment, the retrieved sperm was subjected to ICSI and achieved good treatment effects, especially in the secondary group, and the implantation rate (55.56%) and clinical pregnancy rate (68.42%) were both higher than those of the idiopathic group (28.75% and 40.00%) and KS group (22.05% and 30.77%). Micro-TESE surgery combined with ICSI insemination is the most effective treatment regimen for NOA patients. The SRR of NOA patients with different etiologies are related to certain specific factors, and micro-TESE surgery seems to be the ideal and only way to have biological children.

Association between overweight, obesity and sleep duration and related lifestyle behaviors is gender and educational stages dependent among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years: a cross-sectional study in Henan.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the associations between overweight, obesity and sleep duration and related lifestyle behaviors in children and adolescents at different gender and educational stages. METHODS: A cross-sectional study comprising 18723 children and adolescents with a stratified cluster sampling method of Henan Province was conducted in 2019. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the information about demographic characteristics as well as sleep and lifestyle behaviors. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were taken and body mass index was computered as an indicator of overweight and obesity. The Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple logistic regression were used to data analysis. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 12657(67.6%) were with normal weight, 3711(19.8%) were overweight and 2355(12.6%) were obesity. The average age of the participants was 12.6 years old. The proportion of overweight and obesity in the 10191 boys was 18.7% and 14.2% respectively. The proportion of overweight and obesity in the 8532 girls was 21.2% and 10.6% respectively. In trend analyses, sleep duration at different gender found with the decreased of the sleep duration, the proportions of overweight/obesity in boys and girls were gradually increased (Ptrend<0.05). In the adjusted logistic regression models, the results showed stratified by gender, compared with the recommended sleep duration group, students with very short sleep duration and short sleep duration showed an increased ORadj of 2.56 and 2.13 in boys, 2.34 and 2.09 in girls respectively. According to different educational stages, those in very short sleep duration and short sleep duration showed an increased ORadj of 2.15 and 1.69 in primary school, 2.26 and 1.58 in middle school, 2.23 and 1.51 in high school respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with very short sleep duration and short sleep duration may increase the risk of overweight/obesity, the association differed based on the gender-specific and educational stages-specific. Gender and educational stages should be regarded as specific characteristics for the effects on overweight/obesity in Henan Province.

Effect of melatonin on the clinical outcome of patients with repeated cycles after failed cycles of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

To explore whether embryo culture with melatonin (MT) can improve the embryonic development and clinical outcome of patients with repeated cycles after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) failure, immature oocytes from controlled ovarian superovulation cycles were collected for in vitro maturation (IVM) and ICSI. The obtained embryos were cultured in 0, 10-11, 10-9, 10-7 and 10-5 M MT medium respectively, and 10-9 M was screened out as the optimal concentration. Subsequently, 140 patients who underwent failed IVF/ICSI cycles received 140 cycles of embryo culture in vitro with a medium containing 10-9 M MT, these 140 MT culture cycles were designated as the experimental group (10-9 M group), and the control group was the previous failed cycles of patients (0 M group). The results showed that the fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryo, blastocyst, and high-quality blastocyst rates of the 10-9 M group were significantly higher than those of the 0 M group (P < 0.01; P < 0.01; P < 0.0001; P < 0.0001; P < 0.0001). To date, in total, 50 vitrified-warmed cycle transfers have been performed in the 10-9 M group and the implantation rate, biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantly higher than those in the 0 M group (all P < 0.0001). Two healthy infants were delivered successfully and the other 18 women who achieved clinical pregnancy also had good examination indexes. Therefore the application of 10-9 M MT to embryo cultures in vitro improved embryonic development in patients with repeated cycles after failed IVF/ICSI cycles and had good clinical outcomes.Trial registration: ChiCTR2100045552.

Melatonin improves the effect of cryopreservation on human oocytes by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining the permeability of the oolemma.

Cryopreservation causes cryoinjury to oocytes and impairs their developmental competence. Melatonin (MLT) can improve the effect of cryopreservation in animal oocytes. However, no such studies on human oocytes have been reported. In this study, collected in vitro-matured human oocytes were randomly divided into the following groups: fresh group, MLT-treated cryopreservation (MC) group, and no-MLT-treated cryopreservation (NC) group. After vitrification and warming, viable oocytes from these three groups were assessed for their mitochondrial function, ultrastructure, permeability of oolemma, early apoptosis, developmental competence, and cryotolerance-related gene expression. First, fluorescence staining results revealed that oocytes from the 10-9  M subgroup showed the lowest intracellular reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ levels and highest mitochondrial membrane potential among the MC subgroups (10-11 , 10-9 , 10-7 , and 10-5  M). In subsequent experiments, oocytes from the 10-9  M-MC group were observed to maintain the normal ultrastructural features and the permeability of the oolemma. Compared with those of the oocytes in the NC group, the early apoptosis rate significantly decreased (P < .01), whereas both the high-quality cleavage embryo and blastocyst rates significantly increased (both P < .05) in the oocytes of the 10-9  M-MC group. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence results revealed that aquaporin (AQP) 1/2/11 gene expression and AQP1 protein expression were upregulated in the MC group. Therefore, these results suggest that MLT can improve the effect of cryopreservation on human oocytes by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining the permeability of the oolemma.

Study of stability and interference for catecholamines and metanephrines, 3-methoxytyramine: key point of an accurate diagnosis for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGLs) is highly dependent on the detection of metanephrines and catecholamines. However, the systematic investigation on influencing factors including specimen (plasma or whole blood), anticoagulant, storage conditions, and interference factors need further confirmation. METHODS: Blood with heparin-lithium or EDTA-K2 were collected, stability of epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), metanephrine (MN), normetanephrine (NMN), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) in whole blood and plasma at room temperature and 4 °C for different storage times, stability of plasma MN, NMN and 3-MT at -20 °C and -80 °C were investigated. Plasma with hemoglobin (1 g/L, 2 g/L, 3 g/L, 4 g/L, 6 g/L), TG (<5 mmol/L, 5-8 mmol/L, >8 mmol/L) were prepared. RESULTS: EPI, NE, DA were prone to degrade at room temperature, samples should be centrifuged at 4 °C. EPI and NE were stable in whole blood at 4 °C for 4 h and in plasma for 2 h. For MN, NMN, 3-MT, plasma can be stable at room temperature and 4 °C for at least 6 h, which is better than whole blood; there was no significant difference when stored at -20 °C and -80 °C for 7 days. Heparin-lithium had a slight advantage over EDTA-K2. EPI, NE, DA should not be performed when Hb > 1 g/L or TG > 5 mmol/L. MN, NMN, 3-MT should not be performed when Hb > 2 g/L, whereas TG had no interference. CONCLUSIONS: According to the actual clinical application scenario, this study provided a reliable basis for the accurate diagnosis of PPGLs.

Polymorphism of TUSC7 associated with gastric cancer susceptibility and binding with miR-133a-3p: a population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that gene polymorphism is associated with cancer susceptibility. Most of these genes are involved in neoplastic processes. Previous studies demonstrated that tumor-suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC7) was a tumor-suppressor gene in various tumors. This study aims to explore the association between lncRNA TUSC7 polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility and the potential function. METHODS: The tagging SNPs of TUSC7 were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in a Chinese Han population-based case-control study. The relative expression level of TUSC7 in plasma was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The gene-environment interaction was analyzed by multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine whether SNP rs12494960 of TUSC7 allele variation affected the binding of lncRNA-TUSC7 and miRNAs miR-133a-3p. RESULTS: Three tagging SNPs (rs12494960, rs1518338, rs2867837) of TUSC7 were selected to validate in population. The unconditional multiple logistic regression showed that individuals with genotype AA (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.70) of rs12494960 and GG (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.46) of rs2867837 in TUSC7 had increased risk of GC susceptibility. The qRT-PCR showed that CA and AA genotype of rs12494960 in TUSC7 had significantly lower relative expression level in plasma, compared with CC genotype. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that TUSC7 and miR-133a-3p had interaction. CONCLUSION: The mutant genotype of rs12494960 could increase the susceptibility of gastric cancer and might affect the corresponding mRNA expression of lncRNA TUSC7 in plasma.

Variant of SNPs at lncRNA NEAT1 contributes to gastric cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been implicated in many tumors risk including gastric cancer. However, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at NEAT1 with gastric cancer risk has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SNPs in NEAT1 and gastric cancer susceptibility. METHODS: In this study, four SNPs in lncRNA NEAT1 were selected for genotyping in 484 gastric cancer patients and 484 controls in Chinese Han population. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to evaluate the potential function of rs3825071. Attributable risk percentage (ARP) and population attributable risk percentage (PARP) were used to assess the epidemiological effect. RESULTS: In the dominant model (GG), the genotypes AG + AA of rs3825071 and rs7943779 were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.27-2.32 and OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.19-2.22). Individuals harboring ≥ 3 risk alleles have higher risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.26-2.80, P = 0.002). ARP and PARP associated with gastric cancer were 42.53% and 10.88% for rs3825071, and were 33.78% and 6.26% for rs7943779, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the genotype GG of rs3825071, the genotypes AG and AA had higher expression of NEAT1. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the genetic variations in NEAT1 were significantly associated with risk of gastric cancer. The G > A variant of rs3825071 may confer gastric cancer susceptibility by changed biological effects to increase the expression of NEAT1.

Screening of tumor-associated antigens based on Oncomine database and evaluation of diagnostic value of autoantibodies in lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to discover novel tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to improve the diagnosis of lung cancer (LC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oncomine database was used to discover potential TAAs from LC tissues, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of autoantibodies against TAAs in two independent sets (identification set, n = 368; validation set, n = 1011). RESULTS: Analyses of sera from identification set showed that the sensitivity of autoantibodies against five TAAs (HMGB3, ZWINT, GREM1, NUSAP1 and MMP12) reached 57.1%, 42.4%, 38.0%, 36.4% and 20.7%, with area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.85, 0.75, 0.71, 0.73 and 0.70, respectively. It also validated the diagnostic performances of these autoantibodies with AUC of 0.72, 0.65, 0.61, 0.64 and 0.64, respectively. Autoantibody against HMGB3 exhibited significantly increased frequency in early LC (53.3%) compared to advanced LC (29.3%) (P < .05). The positive rates of autoantibody against HMGB3 and NUSAP1 in serum of LC patients without distant metastasis were significantly higher than that of distant metastatic LC (P < .05). When each of the three protein biomarkers (CEA, CA125 and CYFRA21-1) was combined with anti-HMGB3 autoantibody, the sensitivity of early LC increased to 72.7%, 63.3% and 75.9% from 36.4%, 13.3% and 27.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against 5 TAAs (HMGB3, ZWINT, GREM1, NUSAP1 and MMP12) might have favorable diagnostic values in LC detection, and autoantibody against HMGB3 has the potential to serve as a serological biomarker in early-stage LC. The combination of protein biomarkers and anti-HMGB3 might contribute to detection of early-stage LC.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MicroRNA-Binding Site of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway and Susceptibility to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and so on, which are associated with tumor development, including the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of microRNA-binding sites with target genes in the EGFR pathway could lead to alteration in the combination of microRNA with target genes and contribute to the susceptibility of cancer. METHODS: A case-control study including 494 ESCC patients and 494 controls was carried out to investigate the genetic susceptibility of 4 microRNA-binding site SNPs (rs712 in the binding site of KRAS to let-7, rs8904 in the binding site of NFBIA to mir-507, rs3738894 in the binding site of protein kinase C epsilon to mir-218, rs701848 in the binding site of phosphatase and tensin to mir-1304) as well as the interactions of gene-environment in the development of ESCC. RESULTS: The results showed that compared with CC genotype, the individuals with TT and TT + CT genotypes of rs701848 were significantly associated with increased ESCC risk (OR adjusted 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.27 and 1.41, 1.01-1.97). The gene-Environment interaction between rs3738894 and smoking history was associated with the risk of esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Results of these analyses underline the support of the notion that SNPs in microRNA-binding site of EGFR signaling pathway play certain important roles in the susceptibility to ESCC.

Using recursive partitioning approach to select tumor-associated antigens in immunodiagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma.

The present study aimed to select anti-tumor-associated antigen (TAA) autoantibodies as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) by the recursive partitioning approach (RPA) and further construct and evaluate a predictive model. A case-control study was designed including 407 GAC patients as the case group and 407 normal controls. In addition, 67 serial serum samples from 25 GAC patients were collected at different time points before and after gastrectomy treatment. Autoantibodies against 14 TAA were measured in sera from all subjects by enzyme immunoassay. Finally, RPA resulted in the selection of nine-panel TAA (c-Myc, p16, HSPD1, PTEN, p53, NPM1, ENO1, p62, HCC1.4) from all detected TAA in the case-control study; the classification tree based on this nine-TAA panel had area under curve (AUC) of 0.857, sensitivity of 71.5% and specificity of 71.3%; The optimal panel also can identify GAC patients at an early stage from normal individuals, with AUC of 0.737, sensitivity of 64.9% and specificity of 70.5%. However, frequencies of the nine autoantibodies showed no correlation with GAC stage, tumor size, lymphatic metastasis or differentiation. GAC patients positive for more than two autoantibodies in the nine-TAA panel had a worse prognosis than that of the GAC patients positive for no or one antibody. Titers of 10 autoantibodies in serial serum samples were significantly higher in GAC patients after surgical resection than before. In conclusion, this study showed that the panel of nine multiple TAAs could enhance the detection of anti-TAA antibodies in GAC, and may be potential prognostic biomarkers in GAC.

Evaluation of the Epidemiologic Efficacy of Eradicating Helicobacter pylori on Development of Gastric Cancer.

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori colonization has been reported to affect the progression of gastric cancer. A comprehensive literature search was performed from 1997 to 2017 using electronic databases. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCT) evaluated the effect of H. pylori eradication on development of gastric cancer. Four RCTs and 9 non-RCTs were included (n = 40,740 participants; 321,269 person-years). Overall, H. pylori eradication therapy was associated with a significantly reduced risk of gastric cancer (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41, 0.65). Results of mixed-effect Poisson regression meta-analysis were similar to those of traditional meta-analyses. In stratified analyses, the IRRs were 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.86) in RCTs and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.64) in non-RCTs. The IRRs were 0.45 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.61) in patients and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.44, 0.90) in the general population. Moreover, the relative risk reduction was approximately 77% on the development of noncardiac gastric cancer with H. pylori eradication therapy in China. Attributable risk percentage and population attributable risk percentage for Chinese patients were 77.08% and 75.33%, respectively, and for Japanese patients were 57.80% and 45.99%, respectively. H. pylori eradication therapy reduces the risk of noncardiac gastric cancer development. The findings indicate the importance of early intervention with H. pylori eradication therapy from the perspective of epidemiology.

A systematic review of anxiety across smoking stages in adolescents and young adults.

BACKGROUND: In adolescence and young adults, inconsistence of the association between anxiety and smoking remains to be investigated and clarified. The aim of this study is investigated and clarified the association between anxiety and smoking stages in adolescence and young adults. METHODS: The data on the causal influence of anxiety on smoking in adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 25 years old was retrieved from electronic databases. RESULTS: Nineteen of 668 articles were subjected to a systematic review. Definitional differences with respect to smoking stages constrained homogeneity across the nineteen analyzed reports. Anxiety appears to play a more consistent risk role for nicotine dependent (ND) smokers than for non-nicotine dependent (non-ND) regular or daily smokers. Anxious non-ND smokers are at higher risk to become nicotine dependent. CONCLUSIONS: A ununified definition of smoking stages is responsible for the production of inconsistent results. The analysis reinforced anxiety as a significant risk factor for smoking in one's lifetime. Anxious non-ND smokers are the key target for interventions aimed at preventing nicotine dependence and smoking-related health problems.

Coffee consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

The association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk has been extensively studied; however, there is no consistent conclusion. Therefore, this meta-analysis study sought to evaluate dose-response relationship between them. A search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Thirteen high-quality cohort studies were identified, involving in 959,992 study participants and 3831 pancreatic cancer cases. Comparing the highest with lowest categories of coffee intake, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.08 (95% CI 0.94-1.25). For dose-response analysis, no evidence of a nonlinear dose-response association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer (p for nonlinearity =0.171) was found. The risk of pancreatic cancer was increased by 5.87% (RR =1.06, 95% CI 1.05-1.07) with the increment of one cup/day. Coffee consumption was identified to be related with the increasing risk of pancreatic cancer in a dose-response manner. Nevertheless, further mechanistic studies are needed to clarify the concerned issues.

A Dose-Response Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Stroke According to Nonhealth Status in Central China: A Population-based Epidemiology Survey.

PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and stroke according to nonhealth status among adults in Central China. METHODS: A total of 18,670 participants were selected by stratified multistage random sampling method in Henan province during 2013-2015. Restricted cubic splines and logistic regression were used to calculate the association between sleep duration and stroke. RESULTS: Sleep duration showing a J-shaped dose-response association with risk of stroke among the Chinese adults in the study. The respective percentages of stroke were 6.2%, 5.6%, 3.5%, 4.5%, 5.6%, and 9.2% for those whose sleep duration less than 6 h/day, 6∼7 h/day, 7∼8 h/day, 8∼9 h/day, 9∼10 h/day, and more than or equal to 10 h/day. Compared with sleep duration of 7∼8 h/day, the risk of stroke increased by 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8%, 73%) and 63% (95% CI: 30%, 104%) for those whose sleep duration were 9∼10 h/day and more than or equal to 10 h/day. The correlations between sleep durations and stroke seemed to be stronger in men than women. Stroke was associated with shorter sleep duration in ageing 60-88 years, instead of 18-59 years. The correlation between sleep duration and stroke was statistically significant at lower education level. Furthermore, the risk of stroke was slightly higher in urban residents than rural residents. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, a J-shaped dose-response association between sleep duration and stroke was found among the adults in Central China. Furthermore, people who were male, older, less educated and living in urban areas had a higher risk of stroke.