Synthesis of C3-functionalized indole derivatives via Brønsted acid-catalyzed regioselective arylation of 2-indolylmethanols with guaiazulene.

A Brønsted acid catalyzed method for the construction of guaiazulenyl C3-functionalized indole derivatives is reported for the first time. The reactions proceeded smoothly at ambient temperature by using (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) as a catalyst, 2-indolylmethanols and guaiazulene as substrates, and the desired products were obtained in high yields with excellent regioselectivities.

Building of soft-hard compound brush in porous PVA/NH2@TAtZnO plural gel and the high-efficiency anti-interference removal on Pb(II).

In order to promote the heavy metal ions removal of porous gel adsorbent and protect the adsorbent from other pollutants in wastewater, the tetrapod ZnO whiskers (tZnO) modified by amino-chain brush was introduced into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to prepare the PVA/NH2@TAtZnO composites with brush structure for toxic Pb(II) removal. The adsorption property, adsorption process and adsorption mechanism were studied by adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics, SEM-EDS analysis and XPS analysis. And the anti-interference ability and anti-interference mechanism were researched by SEM-EDS analysis and XPS analysis. It was found that the PVA/NH2@TAtZnO composites displayed a soft-hard compound pore-brush structure and showed a good selective adsorption on Pb(II). The research of isotherms and kinetics indicated that the adsorption process was fitted well to Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively, and the research of thermodynamics revealed the endothermic nature. The adsorption mechanism was inferred as the combination of predominant chemisorption and subsidiary physisorption. Comparing with the neat PVA matrix, the PVA/NH2@TAtZnO composites displayed a good anti-interference property on Pb(II) adsorption and showed an alleviative clogging pore-canal structure in the wastewater with SiO2 NPs or PAC flocculants. The anti-interference intensity ΔQ and anti-interference factor χ were proposed to reflect the anti-interference ability of this adsorbent which was promoted with the increasing amino brush length or density. By the analysis of SEM-EDS and XPS, the anti-interference mechanism was explored as the steric-hinerance effect of tZnO hard brush to suspended SiO2 NPs pollutant and the coordination effect of functional amino soft brush to soluble PAC pollutant. Besides, the prepared PVA/NH2@TAtZnO adsorbent possessed a good reusability under multiple adsorption-desorption processes and also presented a well applicability in real water matrix. The research indicated the huge potential of prepared PVA/NH2@TAtZnO adsorbent in heavy metal ions removal.

[The individualized surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effectiveness of individualized strategy of surgical management on the great arteries (TGA). METHODS: From March 1998 to October 2009, 127 cases (97 males and 30 females) with TGA were treated. There were 97 male and 30 female, aged from 4 hours old to 17 years old with a mean of (25 ± 37) months, weighted from 2.7 to 47.5 kg with a mean of (8 ± 8) kg. The palliative operations included Glenn operation in 14 cases (3 cases double Glenn procedure), Balalock-Taussing shunt in 14 cases, Banding operation in 8 cases, and atrial septal defect enlarge/Banding/Balalock-Taussing shunt in 15 cases. The end-stage operation included Senning procedure in 5 cases, Switch procedure in 32 cases, 2(nd)-stage Switch procedure in 11 cases, Switch procedure with VSD repairing in 20 cases, Switch procedure with Hybrid in 1 case, Nikaidoh procedure in 3 cases, Rastelli procedure in 13 cases, Fonton procedure in 18 cases, other procedure in 4 cases. Twenty-one cases underwent 2 operations, and 5 cases underwent 3 or more operations. Sixty-six cases underwent delayed sternal closure. RESULTS: There were 12 cases of death operatively in 127 cases. The total operative mortality was 9.4%. There were 5 cases dying of low cardiac output during the operation, 2 of pulmonary hypertension crisis, 2 of hemorrhage, 1 of grafting problem of coronary artery deformation, 1 of renal failure after Fonton procedure and 1 case of newborn dying of spontaneous rupture of liver post-operatively. The patients were followed up for 1 month to 12 years. There were 10 patients with vary degrees complications such as pulmonary stenosis, residual shunt and narrow channel. Three cases underwent reoperation. The rest of survived cases had normal heart function, good growth and development state. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized strategy of surgical management based on anatomical conditions of TGA can significantly improve the success rate of surgery and long-term survival.

Exploring of toxic Pb(II) removal by low-cost bio-adsorbent of camphor leaf forestry waste after camphor oil extraction.

Camphor leaf (CL) was widely used to extract camphor oil and thus led to abundant forestry waste. In order to reduce pollution, the waste CL was used to prepare bio-adsorbent for Pb(II) removal after alkali treatment and functional modification. The effects of solution pH, initial Pb(II) concentration, contact time and solution temperature were investigated on adsorption process to evaluate the potential application in heavy metal ions' removal. It was found that the massive hydroxyl groups released and plenty of micro-pores formed after the alkali treatment of CL bio-adsorbent, which obviously increased the Pb(II) adsorption. And the adsorption performance promoted continually after further functional modification by ionized 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). The increase of pH was favourable for the adsorption even though the precipitation effect was deducted. Linear fitting method was more suitable to describe the adsorption process than nonlinear fitting method, including adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics research. The adsorption thermodynamics was better to be described by nonlinear fitting method due to its lower root mean square error (RMSE) value and higher R2 value. Among which, the adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics were fitted well to Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamics was exothermic in nature and the process was spontaneous at low solution temperature. The adsorption mechanism was revealed as the combination of dominant chemical adsorption and assistant physical adsorption.

Soluble CD83 suppresses experimental food allergy via regulating aberrant T helper 2 responses.

Aberrant T helper-2 (Th2) responses play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The underlying mechanism is to be further investigated. It is reported that soluble CD83 (sCD83) has immune-regulatory effects. This study aims to investigate the role of sCD83 in the regulation of Th2 polarization. Blood samples were collected from pediatric patients with food allergy (FA). The Th2 response was analyzed by pertinent immunological approaches. An FA murine model was developed to test the role of sCD83 in the regulation of FA response. We found that the serum sCD83 levels were lower in FA patients. A negative correlation was detected between serum sCD83 levels and serum Th2 cytokine levels. The presence of sCD83 suppressed Th2 cell differentiation and antigen-specific Th2 cell activation. sCD83 upregulated the T-bet expression and suppressed the GATA3 expression in CD4+ T cells. Administration of sCD83 suppressed experimental FA. Pediatric FA patients have low serum sCD83 levels. Administration of sCD83 can alleviate experimental FA via suppression of aberrant Th2 polarization.

Preparation of PVA/tetra-ZnO composite with framework-supported pore-channel structure and the removal research of lead ions.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filled with different kinds of ZnO whisker was prepared by chemical cross-linking reaction. It was found that the ZnO whiskers dispersed uniformly after being modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The PVA/tetrapod-shaped ZnO (PVA/tetra-ZnO) composites showed better adsorption performance than other kinds of PVA/ZnO composites. The framework-supported pore-channel structure was beneficial for the transmission and adsorption of heavy metal ions, and the formation of "brush" pore-channel of PVA/tetra-ZnO composites can effectively retain and capture the heavy metal ions. The PVA/tetra-ZnO composites presented well adsorption on Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III) ions than Ni(II) and showed relatively selective removal on Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions. The adsorbed heavy metal ions presented gradient distribution with high content in the out layer and low content in the inner layer. Pb(II) adsorption capacity qe increased gradually with the increase of initial solution concentration and contact time which tended to be stable at 400 mg/L and 800 min. The maximal adsorption capacity qm obtained by nonlinear fitting reached to about 116 mg/g which was very close to the experiment data. Adsorption isotherm results indicated the monolayer adsorption process of the Langmuir model and the adsorption kinetics data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process was spontaneous and the high temperature was in favor of adsorption. The adsorption mechanism was explored as the combination of coordination and ion exchange. Besides, the PVA/tetra-ZnO composites exhibited better stress stability, thermo stability, and favorable regeneration than neat PVA.

[Surgical treatment of newborns with congenital heart diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of newborns with congenital heart diseases. METHODS: The experience of surgical treatment of 8 newborns with critical congenital heart diseases, including 3 cases of D-transposition of great arteries with intact ventricular septum, 2 cases of ventricular septal defect with artrial defect (ASD), one case of complete atrioventricular canal defect, 1 case of obstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with ASD, and 1 case of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). RESULTS: The case of PDA underwent ligation under normothermic anesthesia and the other 7 cases were operated upon under moderate or deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. All the 8 cases were observed in ICU for 2 approximately 10 days, and were discharged 7 approximately 15 days after operation. The follow-up after discharge showed a satisfying outcome. The postoperative complications included low cardiac output, infection of mediastinum, and respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSION: The critical and complex congenital heart diseases should by diagnosed as early as possible and emergency operation is effective and feasible.

[Clinical application and experimental studies of the pulsed inhaled nitric oxide flow controlling instrument].

A flow controlling system for pulsed inhaled nitric oxide has been developed and tested, and here its features and initial animal experiments and clinical applications are described. The physical characteristic test indicates that the practical released dose of NO gas is very close to the theoretical flow of NO gas at variant pressures. Animal experiments demonstrate that inhaled NO gas concentration is lower than the concentration of theoretical inhalation, but the variance is not remarkable (p>0.05). When sixteen cases with CHD and PH were chosen to inhale NO gas (15 ppm, 15 min) PAP and PVR of all cases were reduced after inhalation of NO gas from 617 +/-51.3 dyn x s x cm(-5), 54.4+/-13.1 mmHg to 417+/-36.9 dym x s x cm(-5), 33.8+/-12.3 mmHg (PVR, p<0.01; PAP, p<0.01) respectively. When gas inhalation was stopped, these values returned to their base lines after a short period of time. All these show that the pulsed inhaled NO flow controlling instrument in accordance with the requirements of the designing, can be widely used in clinical diagnoses and treatments and will be a new tool offered for the treatments of the patients with PH.