2D Information Security System Based on Polyurethane Inverse Photonic Glass Structure.

Information security has become a major global problem in recent years. Thus, people continue to exert much effort in developing new information security technologies based on encryption and storage. In this study, a 2D information security technology based on polyurethane optical devices with inverse photonic glass structure (PU-IPG) is introduced. Based on 1) the swelling and plasticizing effects of various solvents on PU-IPG and 2) the capillary force that can produce geometric deformation on micro/nanostructures when solvents evaporate, a 2D information security system with two modules of decryption (structural color information display) and anticounterfeiting (structural color transformation) is successfully constructed. The spraying method adopted can be simple and fast and can provide a large area to build photonic glass templates, which greatly improves the capacity and category of information in the encryption system. The prepared PU-IPG optical devices can produce large-area multicolor output capability of information. These devices also have excellent mechanical properties, strong cycle stability, environmental friendliness, and low price. Therefore, the preparation strategy has great reference value and application prospects in the field of information security.

Bioinspired Polypeptide Photonic Films with Tunable Structural Color.

We report a new synthetic strategy of combining N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) chemistry and photonic crystals for the fabrication of polypeptide structural color films. Driven by surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization, the di-NCA derivative of l-cystine (Cys) is introduced to replicate the functionalized colloidal crystal templates and construct freestanding P(Cys) films with tunable structural color. Furthermore, the feasibility of preparing patterned polypeptide photonic films is demonstrated via template microfabrication. Because of the incorporation of l-glutamate (Glu) components, the P(Cys-co-Glu) co-polypeptide films are endowed with a visual color responsiveness toward pH changes. Additionally, the polypeptide photonic films show on-demand degradability. Given the large family of amino acid building blocks, this powerful and versatile approach paves the way for chemical derivatization of multifunctional peptide-based optical platforms.

Large-Area Rewritable Paper Based on Polyurethane Inverse Photonic Glass with Durable High-Resolution Information Storage and Structural Stability.

To alleviate the negative effects of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of paper, technologies for rewritable paper have received widespread attention and in-depth research. Despite the growing interest in rewritable paper, meeting the requirements of large-scale preparation, long-lasting information storage time, high reversibility, and good environmental stability remains a huge challenge for this technology. This study developed a solvent-responsive copolymerized polyurethane-based rewritable paper with an inverse photonic glass structure (co-PUIPG paper). Comprehensive writing modes, including handwriting, spraying, and printing, were realized by using the swelling effect of different solvents and the local force field formed by capillary force to control the deformation degree of the inverse photonic glass structure. Co-PUIPG paper can persistently store high-resolution information and has a green and environmentally friendly "write-erase" method. Meanwhile, it exhibits good rewritability, as well as high mechanical strength and exceptional resistance to environmental factors, such as friction, high temperature, and sunlight. Because the spraying method can prepare templates quickly and extensively and polyurethane materials are economical, co-PUIPG rewritable paper possesses great potential as a substitute for commercial fiber paper and its industrialization is full of great possibilities.

Association between chronic pain and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Dementia and chronic pain (CP) are prevalent among older adults. However, no study has systematically reviewed the association between dementia and CP. Therefore, we performed this study to gather evidence about the potential relationship between the two. METHODS: Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify all records published up to 1 September 2022 that explored the association between CP and dementia. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). A fixed or random-effects model was used to pool the risk estimates. RESULTS: Among the initial 3296 articles retrieved, 19 were included in the review (1 cross-sectional, and 18 cohort). The pooled result showed the risk of dementia was 1.42 times higher in CP patients (HR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.23-1.64, P < 0.001). dementia and CP subtypes, gender, and age did not significantly affect the results. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that people who suffered from CP are at an increased risk of developing dementia, regardless of gender, age, and dementia and CP subtypes.

Sparse Action Tube Detection.

Action tube detection is a challenging task as it requires not only to locate action instances in each frame, but also link them in time. Existing action tube detection methods often employ multi-stage pipelines with complex designs and time-consuming linking procedure. In this paper, we present a simple end-to-end action tube detection method, termed as Sparse Tube Detector (STDet). Unlike those dense action detectors, our core idea is to use a set of learnable tube queries and directly decode them into action tubes (i.e., a set of tracked boxes with action label) from video content. This sparse detection paradigm shares several advantages. First, the large number of hand-crafted anchor candidates in dense action detectors is greatly reduced to a small number of learnable tubes, which results in a more efficient detection framework. Second, our learnable tube queries directly attend the whole video content, which endows our method with the capacity of capturing long-range information for action detection. Finally, our action detector is an end-to-end tube detection without requiring the linking procedure, which directly and explicitly predicts the action boundary instead of depending on the linking strategy. Extensive experiments shows that our STDet outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods on two challenging untrimmed video action detection datasets of UCF101-24 and MultiSports. We hope our method will be an simple end-to-end tube detection baseline and can inspire new ideas in this direction.

Relationship between shift work, night work, and headache and migraine risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

BACKGROUND: To date, there is insufficient research on whether shift work and night work increase the risk of experiencing headaches and migraines. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between shift work, night shift work, and headache/migraine. METHODS: We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up until October 2023 to identify relevant studies. Our inclusion criteria focused on observational studies that investigated the association between shift work exposure and headache/migraine outcomes. We extracted adjusted risk estimates from each study and calculated pooled odds ratios using either fixed or random-effects models. Our methodology followed the Meta-Analysis Group guidelines for observational studies in epidemiology. To ensure accuracy and consistency, two investigators independently reviewed the retrieved records and extracted data based on the predefined inclusion criteria. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included a total of seven studies involving 422,869 participants. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between shift work and an increased risk of headaches (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.15-1.52, P < 0.001). Specifically, individuals working night shifts had a 44% higher risk of developing headaches (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.09-1.90, P = 0.011). Furthermore, shift work was also found to be associated with a higher incidence of migraines (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.27-2.08, P < 0.001). Interestingly, night shift work was associated with a decreased incidence of migraines (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57-0.96, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Our study found a noteworthy association between shift work/night work and the occurrence of headaches and migraines. However, it is important to note that our study does not establish a causal relationship. Future research should investigate potential common vulnerability factors, such as genetics or health behaviors. This knowledge can help inform the implementation of preventive measures and interventions to mitigate the health risks associated with shift work.

Effect of CO2-H2O Interaction with High-Rank Coal on Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Characteristics under Confining Pressure.

The adsorption of CO2 by coal leads to changes in its mechanical properties, particularly when considering supercritical CO2 and water with supercritical CO2 adsorption. This is strongly linked to the efficiency of CO2-enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) extraction and the safety of CO2 geological storage. This study focuses on 3# coal from the Datong Mine in Gaoping City, Shanxi Province. The high-rank coal's mechanical properties, including the triaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus, were examined under the combined effects of CO2 injection pressure, CO2 injection time, and moisture content. The triaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the coal showed a decrease following CO2 injection. Increasing the CO2 injection pressure, prolonging the CO2 injection time, and increasing the moisture content were favorable for coal softening. In particular, the triaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of the coal sample after 144 h of water and supercritical CO2 softening decreased by 67.67 and 64.15%, respectively. Injecting CO2 into coal changed its failure mode. The dry raw coal sample exhibited a brittle shear failure mode, while the coal samples showed transitional shear failure after injecting 6 MPa CO2 and 8 MPa CO2 and ductile nondilatant barreling failure after injecting water and 8 MPa CO2 (with a moisture content of 3.02%). Moreover, the cumulative acoustic emission energy of the coal samples followed a similar trend to the decrease in mechanical properties under different conditions. The physical and chemical interactions among coal, CO2, and water caused the softening of coal; these included the generation of the swelling stress, the dissolution of minerals by carbonate solutions, the reduction in surface energy of coal owing to CO2 adsorption, and the extraction and plasticization reactions of organic matter in coal. The research results are of great significance for further understanding CO2-ECBM and CO2 geological sequestration.

Olfactory three needle regulates the proliferation of olfactory bulb neural stem cells and ameliorates brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by regulating Wnt/ß-catenin signaling.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious cerebrovascular emergency. The incidence of SAH and hazard ratio of death increase with age. Objective: In this study, we aimed to observe the effects and potential mechanisms of olfactory three needle (OTN) on cognitive impairment, neuronal activity, and neural stem cell differentiation in SAH rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, SAH group, SAH + Nimodipine (NMP) group, and SAH + OTN group. The rats in the SAH + OTN group received the OTN electroacupuncture treatment. For treatment with recombinant DKK1 (a Wnt/ß-catenin inhibitor), mice were injected with DKK1. Results: Our results found that OTN improved cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuron damage in SAH rats. Furthermore, OTN promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells in SAH rats. Mechanistically, OTN activated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in SAH rats, as indicated by the increased expression levels of Wnt1, ß-Catenin, LMNB1, and p-GSK-3ß. DKK1 reversed the improvement effect of OTN on cognitive impairment and neuronal damage in SAH rats. Meanwhile, DKK1 blocked the promoting effect of OTN on the proliferation of NSCs in SAH rats. Conclusions: OTN electroacupuncture may be an effective therapeutic strategy for SAH.

The Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Malignancies via Regulatory Cell Death Pathways and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: A Review of Recent Advances.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has achieved high clinical efficacy in treating malignancies in recent years and is thus gradually becoming an important therapy for patients with advanced tumor for its benefits in reducing side effects and improving patients' immune status. However, it has not been internationally recognized for cancer treatment because TCM's anti-tumor mechanism is not fully elucidated, limiting its clinical application and international promotion. This review traced the mechanism of the TCM-mediated tumor cell death pathway and its effect on remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment, its direct impact on the microenvironment, its anti-tumor effect in combination with immunotherapy, and the current status of clinical application of TCM on tumor treatment. TCM can induce tumor cell death in many regulatory cell death (RCD) pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. In addition, TCM-induced cell death could increase the immune cells' infiltration with an anti-tumor effect in the tumor tissue and elevate the proportion of these cells in the spleen or peripheral blood, enhancing the anti-tumor capacity of the tumor-bearing host. Moreover, TCM can directly affect immune function by increasing the population or activating the sub-type immune cells with an anti-tumor role. It was concluded that TCM could induce a pan-tumor death modality, remodeling the local TIME differently. It can also improve the systemic immune status of tumor-bearing hosts. This review aims to establish a theoretical basis for the clinical application of TCM in tumor treatment and to provide a reference for TCM's potential in combination with immunotherapy in cancer treatment.

The chemical damage of sandstone after sulfuric acid-rock reactions with different duration times and its influence on the impact mechanical behaviour.

The low-permeability characteristic of sandstone-type uranium deposits has become the key geological bottleneck during the in-situ leaching mining, seriously restricting the development and utilization of uranium resources in China. At present, the blasting-enhanced permeability (BEP) and acidizing-enhanced permeability (AEP) are confirmed to be mainstream approaches to enhance the reservoir permeability of low-permeability sandstone-type uranium deposit (LPSUD). To clarify the synergistic effect of BEP and AEP, the acid-rock reaction and dynamic impact experiments were conducted, aiming to study the effect of chemical reactions on pore structure, dynamic mechanical properties and failure pattern of sandstone. Results show that with the increasing acid-rock reaction time, the total pore volume of samples is promoted largely and exhibits obvious chemical damage. The change of pore volume depends on the pore size, the 100-1000 nm and 1000-10000 nm pores are more susceptible to acid-rock reactions. The dynamic peak strength and the dynamic elastic modulus are decreased and the dynamic peak strain and strain rate are increased when lengthening the acid-rock reaction time, whose evolution laws can be fitted by the logistic expression, the linear expression and the exponential expression, respectively. The acid-rock reactions also have an influence on the fracture development of samples after the dynamic impact. The damaged fractures on the end faces of samples grow from the isolated short fracture, the isolated long fracture to the fracture network, and the damaged fractures on the sides of samples develop from the non-penetration fractures, penetration fractures to the multi-branch fractures. This study clarifies the physical and chemical combined damage mechanism, demonstrates the potential of reservoir stimulation by uniting the BEP and the AEP, and provides a theoretical reference for the reservoir stimulation of LPSUD.

Characteristics and Influence Factors of Natural Desorption in Coal Bodies from Fukang Mining Area, Xinjiang, China.

Coal body desorption characteristics are one of the key factors that influence the development of coalbed methane (CBM). In this study, 91 coal core samples from 11 CBM wells in the Fukang mining area were collected from Xinjiang, China, and the coal quality, high-pressure mercury compression, gas content, and natural desorption characteristics measurements were launched. With the detailed analyses of the differences in cumulative desorption volume, desorption ratio, and on-site average desorption rate for the coal samples with different body structures and macrolithotypes, the influence of the maximum reflectance of vitrinite, microscopic coal rock composition, and coal quality and pore characteristics on CBM desorption characteristics were discussed. The results showed that the cumulative desorption volume, desorption ratio, and desorption rate of cataclastic structure-bright coal are higher than those of primary structure-semibright coal. With the increase of RO,max and vitrinite content, the adsorption capacity of coal increases, and the increased methane concentration difference during desorption leads to an increase in cumulative desorption volume and on-site average desorption rate. The higher contents of moisture and ash yield would occupy the adsorption sites and hinder gas diffusion, which would decrease the desorption of coalbed methane. The greater porosity/pore volume ratio of medium and large pores can enhance the connectivity of pores, which increases the desorption ratio and the average desorption rate, while the higher micropore porosity/pore volume ratio can increase the gas adsorption space and the cumulative desorption volume. The pore characteristics have the most significant effect on the cumulative desorption volume and desorption ratio. The results of the study can help guide coal mine gas management and CBM development from middle-and low-rank coal reservoirs in Xinjiang.

Characteristics of Coal Porosity Changes before and after Triaxial Compression Shear Deformation under Different Confining Pressures.

It is important to explore the changes in coal pores in response to triaxial compression and shear deformation for coal mine gas drainage and efficient coalbed methane mining. To study the variation in coal pores depending on stress, first, a mechanical analysis was carried out, and then the characteristics of coal samples before and after triaxial compression were quantitatively analyzed combined with low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments. The compressive strength of the coal samples with a high elastic modulus is significantly greater than that of coal samples with a low elastic modulus. Sihe coal samples with a larger elastic modulus experienced higher peak stress and strain during compression than those from the Chengzhuang Mine with a smaller elastic modulus. With the exception of the coal sample from the Chengzhuang Mine with a confining pressure of 15 MPa, the peak strength and axial strain of the coal samples gradually increased with an increase in confining pressure. The larger the elastic modulus, the greater the axial strain. After triaxial compression, pores with diameters ranging from 2 to 5 nm exhibited a significant change. After the compression of coal with a high elastic modulus, the pore volume and pore specific surface area decreased with the increase in confining pressure, by 60.7 and 59.7%, respectively (compared with raw coal). The complex pore structure consisting of mesopores and macropores (>11 nm) became simpler. The volume and specific surface area of the pores of the coal samples with a low elastic modulus first increased, then decreased, and then increased again with the increase in confining pressure, and after compression, the roughness and complexity of macropores of coal samples are greater than those of micropores. The changes induced in the coal samples of the two mining areas in response to compression differ, which are related to the mechanical properties of the coal bodies.

Alantolactone reduced neuron injury via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality, which can cause pathological, physiological, and biological reactions. SAH causes a series of responses such as neuronal and cerebral cortex damage, which in turn leads to inflammation and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, such as Alantolactone (ATL). However, studies on ATL therapy for SAH have not been reported. We observed the neurological scores, brain water content, Evans blue (EB) extravasation, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis via performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and other methods after SAH. In this study, we found that ATL treatment attenuated the neurologic deficits, inhibited neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory reaction, promoted polarization of microglia toward the M2 phenotype, and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. ATL can reduce the neurons and cerebral cortex damage of SAH rats through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture in the treatment of cognitive impairment after stroke.

BACKGROUND: We aim to make a systematic evaluation of the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of cognitive impairment after stroke, to provide evidence-based medical evidence for clinical practice. METHODS: We searched all the randomized controlled trials of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan fang data knowledge service platform, VIP Chinese periodical service platform full-text Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Cochrane Library Database, and PubMed Database about acupuncture treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The bias risk assessment manual of Cochrane collaboration Network was used to evaluate the bias risk, and all data were analyzed by Stata16.0. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were included, with a total of 2402 patients. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture combined with routine therapy could significantly reduce the score of cognitive impairment symptoms compared with the control group. The mini-mental state examination scale (MMSE) score (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 3.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.89-4.56, P < .01), Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) score (WMD = 3.41, 95% CI: 0.93-5.89, P < .01), Barthel index of activities of daily living (MBI) score (WMD = 4.59, 95% CI: 1.43-7.75, P < .01), and Lowenstein assessment scale (LOTCA) score (WMD = 8.60, 95% CI: 6.32-10.89, P = .00) were significantly improved in the patients receiving group acupuncture combined with routine therapy. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with routine therapy seems to be more effective than conventional therapy alone in the treatment of PSCI. However, the differences between different acupuncture types need to be clarified in more high-quality randomized controlled trials.

Relationship between shift work, night work, and subsequent dementia: A systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.

Background: The association between shift work, night work, and the risk of dementia are conflicting in the literature. Objectives: This study was performed to obtain evidence on the potential relationship between shift work, night work, and dementia. Methods: To investigate the link between shift work, night work, and dementia, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to January 1, 2022. The eligibility of the retrieved records and extracted data were independently reviewed by two researchers. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Evaluations and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. STATA 16.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: A total of four studies involving 103,104 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that night shift workers had a 12% increased risk of dementia compared to subjects without night work (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.23, P = 0.094). Shift work was not significantly associated with dementia risk (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.83-1.43, P = 0.546), but the effect of shift work on dementia risk appeared to increase with age, with a correlation observed among workers older than 50 years (HR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03-1.68, P = 0.030). Conclusion: The data presented in our study suggest that night work may be a risk factor for dementia. More prospective studies with objective exposure measurements are required to further confirm this result. Systematic review registration: https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0079, identifier: INPLASY202260079.

The potential for traditional Chinese therapy in treating sleep disorders caused by COVID-19 through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.

Since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019, it has spread rapidly across the globe. Sleep disorders caused by COVID-19 have become a major concern for COVID-19 patients and recovered patients. So far, there's no effective therapy on this. Traditional Chinese therapy (TCT) has a great effect on sleep disorders, with rare side effects and no obvious withdrawal symptoms. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a neuroregulatory pathway in the central nervous system that uses cholinergic neurons and neurotransmitters to suppress inflammatory responses, has been reported to be associated with sleep disorders and psychiatric symptoms. Many studies have shown that TCT activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), inhibits inflammation, and relieves associated symptoms. Therefore, we believe that TCT may be a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate sleep disorders induced by COVID-19 through CAP. In this review, we analyzed the relationship between cytokine storm induced by Coronavirus and sleep disorders, explained the influence of CAP on sleep disorders, discussed the TCT's effect on CAP, and summarized the treatment effect of TCT on sleep disorders. Based on these practical researches and theoretical basis, we propose potential strategies to effectively improve the sleep disorders caused by COVID-19.

Advances in Antitumor Nano-Drug Delivery Systems of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin.

10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is a natural plant alkaloid from Camptotheca that shows potent antitumor activity by targeting intracellular topoisomerase I. However, factors such as instability of the lactone ring and insolubility in water have limited the clinical application of this drug. In recent years, unprecedented advances in biomedical nanotechnology have facilitated the development of nano drug delivery systems. It has been found that nanomedicine can significantly improve the stability and water solubility of HCPT. NanoMedicines with different diagnostic and therapeutic functions have been developed to significantly improve the anticancer effect of HCPT. In this paper, we collected reports on HCPT nanomedicines against tumors in the past decade. Based on current research advances, we dissected the current status and limitations of HCPT nanomedicines development and looked forward to future research directions.

Numerical Simulation of the Temperature Distribution and Evolution Law of Underground Lignite Gasification.

To study the temperature distribution characteristics and evolution law of underground lignite gasifiers, a three-dimensional heat conduction model of underground lignite gasification was constructed. Moreover, the effects of different coal thicknesses, advance speeds of the flame working face, and surrounding rock types on the gasifier were analyzed. The results show that with the increase in the coal thickness, the transfer range and distance of temperature in the roof, floor, and coal seam gradually increase, as does the coal quantity in the three zones. The heat loss rate of the gasifier decreased gradually with the coal seam thickness. When the advance speed of the flame working face is 0.5 m/d, the ideal gasification coal thickness range of lignite is 2.5-17.5 m. With the increase in the gasification rate, the maximum transfer distance of temperature to the roof and floor, the average temperature of the gasifier, and the coal quantity of the three zones gradually increase. Conversely, the coal thickness corresponding to the intersection of the coal quantity of the oxidation and reduction zones and the heat loss rate of the gasifier gradually decrease. When the coal seam below 2.5 m is gasified, the gasification rate can be increased appropriately. When the coal seam is above 13 m, increasing the gasification rate will make the coal quantity in the oxidation zone close to or even higher than that in the reduction zone. Regarding the surrounding rock types comprising a combination of siltstone, mudstone, sandy mudstone, and fine sandstone, the most favorable roof and floor type for underground coal gasification is the combination of fine sandstone and sandy mudstone (without considering the sealing and mechanical properties). These results provide important theoretical support for the industrialization of underground coal gasification.

Risk of dementia or Parkinson's disease in the presence of Sjögren's syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Evidence from observational studies suggests that Sjögren's syndrome (SS) may contribute to an elevated risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia. However, few studies have been undertaken to summarize and assess the consistency of the data quantitatively. Therefore, we evaluated the risk of dementia and PD in SS patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods: Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases (updated to February 14, 2022) to identify published literature on the association between SS and dementia or PD. The risk estimates of dementia or PD in patients with SS were pooled using fixed or random-effects models. Results: Of the 631 studies initially searched, 10 were eventually included. Pooled results suggested that the risk of developing dementia significantly increased in patients with SS (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.15-1.33, P < 0.001), and such risk in females with SS was similar to that in males. The risk of PD was 1.36 times higher in SS (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.23-1.50, P < 0.001). The association between SS and PD risk appeared to occur primarily in female patients (female: HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.21-1.35; P < 0.001 vs. male: HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.87-1.16, P = 0.962, respectively). No significant effect of age was observed on the risk of developing PD and dementia in SS patients. Conclusion: Our study supports that people with SS are at higher risk of PD and dementia than the general population. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to assess whether interventions for SS have the potential to affect dementia and PD development.

Robust, Portable, and Specific Water-Response Silk Film with Noniridescent Pattern Encryption for Information Security.

In modern days, information is a key resource for accelerating the development of society, economy, and culture. Thus, information security has always been a high priority for any country, business, and department. Herein, a simple and effective strategy for preparing an independent optical device for information security is proposed by using silk fibroin materials with a quasiamorphous inverse structure. Given the reversible hydrogen bonds between silk fibroin materials and water molecules, a multicolor high-resolution pattern with a variable color can be obtained by using a simple spray coating method. Furthermore, a reversible water stimulus-response silk film with a laminated structure that consists of hidden and patterned layers and carries quick response (QR) code information is prepared. This device effectively hides (encryption) the QR code pattern in a normal environment and quickly displays the information (decryption) in water. Simultaneously, the silk film shows good mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility, long-term structural stability, and a unique response mechanism, which make it a suitable carrier of optical information. Thus, this new preparation strategy of an optical device has a potential application value and is an important reference in the fields of information security and functional materials.