Rapid infarct imaging with a technetium-99m-labeled antimyosin recombinant single-chain Fv: evaluation in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction.

Studies of monoclonal antibody-based imaging agents show that blood clearance is inversely proportional to molecular size, i.e., Fab or Fab' > F(ab')2 > IgG. Indium-111-antimyosin Fab-DTPA is a highly specific and sensitive marker for myocardial necrosis. An improvement on current antibody diagnostic imaging may result from the use of smaller labeled fragments. We report the first in vivo targeting of acute myocardial infarction with a novel recombinant single-chain Fv (sFv) antimyosin protein. The sFv (MW = 27,594) is approximately one-half the size of the Fab and is comprised of the heavy and light chain variable regions from the myosin-specific murine monoclonal antibody R11D10 which were joined by a 15-amino-acid linker and expressed as a fusion protein (sFv) in E. coli. The binding affinity of the sFv for cardiac myosin was similar to the affinity observed for the Fab fragment. Technetium-99m labeling of the sFv was accomplished by the attachment of a cleavable, ester-linked bifunctional chelator (RP-1). Comparative studies in mice showed 99mTc-sFv-RP-1 cleared significantly faster (p < 0.001) than 99mTc-Fab'-RP-1 and 111In-Fab-DTPA antimyosin fragments. Furthermore, measurement of 99mTc-sFv-RP-1 blood clearance in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction gave a mean T1/2 of 0.54 +/- 0.13 hr versus 2.80 +/- 0.57 and 2.58 +/- 0.64 hr for Fab-DTPA and Fab'-RP-1 (p < 0.05), respectively. Despite its comparatively rapid clearance, 99mTc sFv-RP-1 had similar uptake in the infarct compared to the Fab'-RP-1. In addition, infarct visualization was more rapid with the sFv. Thus, these data demonstrate antimyosin sFv possesses characteristics necessary for rapid imaging of myocardial necrosis.

Osteogenic protein-2. A new member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily expressed early in embryogenesis.

Osteogenic protein-2, OP-2, a new member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, closely related to the osteogenic/bone morphogenetic proteins, was discovered in mouse embryo and human hippocampus cDNA libraries. The TGF-beta domain of OP-2 shows 74% identity to OP-1, 75% to Vgr-1, and 76% to BMP-5, hence OP-2 may also have bone inductive activity. The genomic locus of OP-2 has seven exons, like OP-1, and spans more than 27 kilobases (kb). In the C-terminal TGF-beta domain, OP-2 has a unique additional cysteine. Mouse embryos express relatively high levels of OP-2 mRNA at 8 days, two species of 3 and 5 kb. A careful study of mRNA expression of the osteogenic proteins in specific organs revealed discrete mRNA species for BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, and BMP-6/Vgr-1 in lung or liver of young and adult mice. OP-1 is expressed in kidney; however, OP-2 and BMP-2 mRNAs were not detected in any organs studied, suggesting an early developmental role.