A feature extraction method based on noise reduction for circRNA-miRNA interaction prediction combining multi-structure features in the association networks.

MOTIVATION: A large number of studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) affects biological processes by competitively binding miRNA, providing a new perspective for the diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases. Therefore, exploring the potential circRNA-miRNA interactions (CMIs) is an important and urgent task at present. Although some computational methods have been tried, their performance is limited by the incompleteness of feature extraction in sparse networks and the low computational efficiency of lengthy data. RESULTS: In this paper, we proposed JSNDCMI, which combines the multi-structure feature extraction framework and Denoising Autoencoder (DAE) to meet the challenge of CMI prediction in sparse networks. In detail, JSNDCMI integrates functional similarity and local topological structure similarity in the CMI network through the multi-structure feature extraction framework, then forces the neural network to learn the robust representation of features through DAE and finally uses the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree classifier to predict the potential CMIs. JSNDCMI produces the best performance in the 5-fold cross-validation of all data sets. In the case study, seven of the top 10 CMIs with the highest score were verified in PubMed. AVAILABILITY: The data and source code can be found at https://github.com/1axin/JSNDCMI.

MHESMMR: a multilevel model for predicting the regulation of miRNAs expression by small molecules.

According to the expression of miRNA in pathological processes, miRNAs can be divided into oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Prediction of the regulation relations between miRNAs and small molecules (SMs) becomes a vital goal for miRNA-target therapy. But traditional biological approaches are laborious and expensive. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a computational model. In this study, we proposed a computational model to predict whether the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and SMs is up-regulated or down-regulated. Specifically, we first use the Large-scale Information Network Embedding (LINE) algorithm to construct the node features from the self-similarity networks, then use the General Attributed Multiplex Heterogeneous Network Embedding (GATNE) algorithm to extract the topological information from the attribute network, and finally utilize the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm to predict the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and SMs. In the fivefold cross-validation experiment, the average accuracies of the proposed model on the SM2miR dataset reached 79.59% and 80.37% for up-regulation pairs and down-regulation pairs, respectively. In addition, we compared our model with another published model. Moreover, in the case study for 5-FU, 7 of 10 candidate miRNAs are confirmed by related literature. Therefore, we believe that our model can promote the research of miRNA-targeted therapy.

Hierarchical Magnetic Carbon Nanoflowers for Ultra-Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.

Porous carbon nanomaterials are widely applied in the electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) field. Among them, an emerging flower-like carbon nanomaterial, termed carbon nanoflowers (CNFs), has attracted tremendous research attention due to their unique hierarchical flower-like structure. However, the design of flower-like carbon nanomaterials with different magnetic cores for EMWA has rarely been reported. Herein, a general template method is proposed to achieve a set of high-quality magnetic CNFs, namely Co@Void@CNFs, CoNi@CNFs, and Ni@CNFs. The prepared magnetic CNFs have highly accessible surface area and internal space, rich heteroatom content, multi-scale pore system, and uniform and highly dispersed magnetic nanoparticles, as a result, deliver superior EMWA performance. Specifically, when the thickness is 2.6 mm, the Co@Void@CNFs exhibit a maximum refection loss (RLmax) of -56.6 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) from 8.0 to 12.1 GHz covering the whole X band. The CoNi@CNFs have an RLmax of up to -57.6 dB and a wide EAB of 5.6 GHz at just 1.9 mm. For the Ni@CNFs, possess an ultra-broad EAB of 6.1 GHz, covering the entire Ku band at 2.0 mm. Overall, the hierarchical magnetic carbon nanoflowers proposed here offer new insights toward realizing multifunctional integrated carbon nanomaterials for EMWA.

BCMCMI: A Fusion Model for Predicting circRNA-miRNA Interactions Combining Semantic and Meta-path.

More and more evidence suggests that circRNA plays a vital role in generating and treating diseases by interacting with miRNA. Therefore, accurate prediction of potential circRNA-miRNA interaction (CMI) has become urgent. However, traditional wet experiments are time-consuming and costly, and the results will be affected by objective factors. In this paper, we propose a computational model BCMCMI, which combines three features to predict CMI. Specifically, BCMCMI utilizes the bidirectional encoding capability of the BERT algorithm to extract sequence features from the semantic information of circRNA and miRNA. Then, a heterogeneous network is constructed based on cosine similarity and known CMI information. The Metapath2vec is employed to conduct random walks following meta-paths in the network to capture topological features, including similarity features. Finally, potential CMIs are predicted using the XGBoost classifier. BCMCMI achieves superior results compared to other state-of-the-art models on two benchmark datasets for CMI prediction. We also utilize t-SNE to visually observe the distribution of the extracted features on a randomly selected dataset. The remarkable prediction results show that BCMCMI can serve as a valuable complement to the wet experiment process.

Organic Fluorescent Probes for Monitoring Micro-Environments in Living Cells and Tissues.

As a vital parameter in living cells and tissues, the micro-environment is crucial for the living organisms. Significantly, organelles require proper micro-environment to achieve normal physiological processes, and the micro-environment in organelles can reflect the state of organelles in living cells. Moreover, some abnormal micro-environments in organelles are closely related to organelle dysfunction and disease development. So, visualizing and monitoring the variation of micro-environments in organelles is helpful for physiologists and pathologists to study the mechanisms of the relative diseases. Recently, a large variety of fluorescent probes was developed to study the micro-environments in living cells and tissues. However, the systematic and comprehensive reviews on the organelle micro-environment in living cells and tissues have rarely been published, which may hinder the research progress in the field of organic fluorescent probes. In this review, we will summarize the organic fluorescent probes for monitoring the microenvironment, such as viscosity, pH values, polarity, and temperature. Further, diverse organelles (mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane) about microenvironments will be displayed. In this process, the fluorescent probes about the "off-on" and ratiometric category (the diverse fluorescence emission) will be discussed. Moreover, the molecular designing, chemical synthesis, fluorescent mechanism, and the bio-applications of these organic fluorescent probes in cells and tissues will also be discussed. Significantly, the merits and defects of current microenvironment-sensitive probes are outlined and discussed, and the development tendency and challenges for this kind of probe are presented. In brief, this review mainly summarizes some typical examples and highlights the progress of organic fluorescent probes for monitoring micro-environments in living cells and tissues in recent research. We anticipate that this review will deepen the understanding of microenvironment in cells and tissues and facilitate the studies and development of physiology and pathology.

Lelliottia steviae sp. nov. isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, rod-shaped, and motile bacterium, designated as LST-1T, was isolated from wild Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The LST-1 strain grew optimally at 37 °C and pH 6.0-7.0 in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequence indicated that LST-1 is closely related to Lelliottia jeotgali PFL01T (99.85%), Lelliottia nimipressuralis LMG10245T (98.82%), and Lelliottia amnigena LMG2784T (98.54%). Multi-locus sequence typing of concatenated partial atpD, infB, gyrB, and rpoB genes was performed to improve the resolution, and clear distinctions between the closest related type strains were observed. The results of average nucleotide identify analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization with four species (16S rDNA similarity > 98.65%) were less than 90 and 40%, respectively, verifying the distinct characteristics from other species of Lelliottia. The cellular fatty acid profile of the strain consisted of C16:0, Summed Feature3, and Summed Feature8 (possibly 16:1 w6c/16:1 w7c and 18:1 w6c) as major components. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an aminophospholipid, three non-characteristic phospholipids, and a non-characteristic lipid. The genome of LST-1T was 4,611,055 bp in size, with a G + C content of 55.02%. The unique combination of several phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics proved that strain LST-1T belongs to a novel species, for which the name Lelliottia steviae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LST-1T (= CGMCC 1.19175T = JCM 34938T).Repositories: The genbank accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences of strain LST-1T are MZ497264 and CP063663, respectively.

Simultaneous determination of periplocin, periplocymarin, periplogenin, periplocoside M and periplocoside N of Cortex Periplocae in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A sensitive and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine periplocin, periplocymarin (PM), periplogenin (PG), periplocoside M (PSM) and periplocoside N (PSN) in rat plasma. Acetonitrile was employed to precipitate plasma with appropriate sensitivity and acceptable matrix effects. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Waters HSS T3 column with a gradient elution using water and acetonitrile both containing 0.1% formic acid and 0.1 mm ammonium formate within 8 min. Detection was performed in positive ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effects and stability. Using this method, the concentrations of periplocin, PM, PG, PSM and PSN were established after oral administration of Cortex Periplocae extract to rats, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of periplocin, PM, PG, PSM and PSN were assessed. Generally, PM, PG, PSM and PSN were eliminated slowly and their half-lives were all >8 h. In addition, the systemic exposure of PSM showed significant differences between genders with more than 10 times higher area under the concentration-time curve in female rats than in male rats. The findings of this study provide useful information for further research on Cortex Periplocae.

[Research progress on the role of FOXOs family in cancer].

The Forkhead box class O proteins (FOXOs) family consists of highly conserved transcription factors, including FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4 and FOXO6. Each member of the FOXOs family is ubiquitously expressed and involved in regulating many biological activities such as tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and oxidative stress. The activity of FOXOs is mainly regulated by post-translational modification, and its inactivation is mainly mediated by the over-activation of its upstream modifying enzymes, which provides a possibility to use drugs to recover its activity. It is worth noting that FOXOs can not only inhibit, but also promote the occurrence and development of human tumors due to the complex effects of FOXOs. This review will summarize the structure and activity regulation of FOXOs, and discuss their tumor inhibiting effects by limiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, as well as their tumor promoting effects by maintaining cell homeostasis, promoting metastasis and inducing drug resistance, so as to provide new ideas for the pathological research of related diseases and open up new ways to promote broader prevention and treatment strategies.

[Pharmacokinetic characteristics of psoralen,isopsoralen,psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside in rats after oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus extract].

Coumarins are the main active components in Psoraleae Fructus. To study the multi-component pharmacokinetics of Psoraleae Fructus, this study established a sensitive and rapid ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of psoralen, isopsoralen, psoralenoside, and isopsoralenoside in rat plasma. After validation, the method was applied to the investigation of pharmacokinetics of psoralen, isopsoralen, psoralenoside, and isopso-ralenoside in rats after single and multiple administration of Psoraleae Fructus extract. The results revealed that the exposure of psoralen and isopsoralen in rat plasma was high after a single intragastric administration of Psoraleae Fructus extract, with an AUC_(0-∞) of 443 619-582 680 and 167 314-276 903 ng·mL~(-1)·h~(-1), respectively. Compared with these two compounds, the exposure of psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside was lower with marked gender difference. After 7-day administration of Psoraleae Fructus extract to rats, the AUC_(0-∞) of psoralen and isopsoralen was 29 701-81 783 and 39 234-89 914 ng·mL~(-1)·h~(-1), respectively, which was significantly lower than that at the first day(P<0.05), and that of psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside was 7 360-19 342 and 8 823-45 501 ng·mL~(-1)·h~(-1), respectively. There was no significant gender difference in exposure of psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside in male and female rats. However, the exposure of psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside in male rats was reduced(P<0.05), and the t_(1/2) and mean residence time(MRT) were shortened, suggesting that the removal of these two compounds from the body was accelerated.

[Rapid and simultaneous determination of 10 active components of Psoraleae Fructus in beagle dog plasma using UPLC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetic study].

An UPLC-MS/MS method for rapid and simultaneous determination of psoralen, isopsoralen, apigenin, genistein, bavaisoflavone, neobavaisoflavone, bavachin, bavachinin, psoralenoside, and isopsoralenoside of Psoraleae Fructus in beagle dog plasma was established, and then the method was applied in the pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus extract to beagle dogs. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the software of WinNonlin. A Waters HSS-T3 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 µm)was used for liquid chromatography separation with acetonitrile-water(containing 0.004% formic acid) as the mobile phase for gradient elution.The mass spectrometry was detected using electrospray ion source(ESI) under multi-reaction monitoring mode(MRM), as well as positive ion mode. Analysis time only takes 8.5 min. The methodological study in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision, linear range, recovery, matrix effect, and stability, was validated. The LC-MS analysis method established in this experiment was simple, specific, accurate, reliable, and meet the requirement of pharmacokinetic study in plasma after administration of Psoraleae Fructus extract to beagle dogs. Six beagle dogs received intragastric administration of Psoraleae Fructus extract, T_(max) of 10 chemical components is 1.92-5.67 h; among them, C_(max) of psoralen, isopsoralen, psoralenoside and isopsoralenoside is 383-3 613 ng·mL~(-1), and AUC_(0-∞) is 3 556-18 949 ng·h·mL~(-1), t_(1/2) is 2.45-4.83 h. C_(max) of the remaining six compounds is 0.81-19.9 ng·mL~(-1), AUC_(0-∞ )is 6.54-178 ng·h·mL~(-1), t_(1/2) is 2.95-7.29 h. The UPLC-MS/MS analysis method established in this study was proved to be accurate and sensitive that it can be applied to the pharmacokinetic study of beagle dogs after oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus extract.

Bacillus subtilis SL-13 biochar formulation promotes pepper plant growth and soil improvement.

The use of microbial fertilizers can help to avoid the harmful effects of traditional agricultural fertilizers and pesticides; however, there are many constraints on the practical application of such fertilizers. In this study, microbial biochar formulations (MBFs) were obtained by loading biochar, created from agricultural waste, with Bacillus subtilis SL-13. The effects of the MBF on pepper plant growth and soil fertility were studied in pot experiments. The MBF improved the soil texture and environment and favored plant growth. Compared with B. subtilis SL-13-only and biochar-only treatments, the MBF treatments exhibited a significant increase in pepper plant growth and physiological indices and a significant improvement in the physical-chemical properties and activities of several enzymes in the soil. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that MBFs not only retain the beneficial effect of biochar in improving the soil properties but also improve the performance of B. subtilis SL-13 in promoting plant growth.

Parametric Testing of Metasurface Stirrers for Metasurfaced Reverberation Chambers.

In this paper, the correlation coefficients and the total scattering cross sections (TSCSs) for different types of metasurfaced stirrers and the traditional metallic stirrer, and the effects on field uniformity when such stirrers are used in reverberation chambers, are analyzed. Three metasurfaced stirrers are considered: A stirrer with two unit cells arranged alternatively (#1), a stirrer with two unit cells arranged in a chessboard-like manner (#2), and a stirrer with two unit cells in random arrangement (#3). From the correlation coefficient and TSCS results obtained in simulations, it follows that metasurfaced stirrer #1 is the best option. Field uniformity analysis of the resulting metasurface reverberation chambers (MRC) equipped with the different stirrers also supports this conclusion.

Quantitative analysis of sesquiterpenes and comparison of three Curcuma wenyujin herbal medicines by micro matrix solid phase dispersion coupled with MEEKC.

A simple, efficient and environmental friendly method was proposed for determining five sesquiterpenoids of Curcuma wenyujin by MSPD extraction coupled with MEEKC separation. Molecular sieve was applied as a solid support for extraction of sesquiterpenoids for the first time. Various parameters affecting extraction and separation efficiency were investigated. The optimized conditions involved dispersing sample (200 mg) with 200 mg of TS-1 for 150 s and using 1000 µL of methanol to elute five target analytes. Finally, they were well separated by using a running buffer containing 1.3% SDS, 5.0% 1-butanol, 0.5% ethyl acetate and 10% acetonitrile in 10 mM borate buffer at pH 9.0. Consequently, the developed method was fully validated and successfully applied to determine the five sesquiterpenoids including curdine, curcumenol, germacrone, furanodiene and ß-elemene in Curcuma wenyujin origin's Chinese herbal medicines. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed based on the contents of target compounds for distinguishing steamed and non-steamed drugs. The present study provided a promising method for fast investigation and discrimination of chemical difference in steam & non-steamed Chinese medicines from Curcuma wenyujin origin.

Molecular-sieve-based matrix solid-phase extraction combined with field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of three organic acids in a complex solid matrix.

A simple, convenient, and sensitive method that involves combining matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction with field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis has been developed for the determination of organic acids in a complex solid matrix. Mesoporous molecular sieve, MCM-48, was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and selected as the adsorbent in matrix solid-phase dispersion. After fast extraction, the enriched analytes were back-extracted into a basic aqueous solution for field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis. Parameters that affect extraction efficiency and sample stacking were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, approximately 42-, 49-, and 56-fold sensitivity enhancements were achieved for danshensu, protocatechuic acid, and cinnamic acid, respectively, when compared to normal injection. A satisfactory correlation coefficient (r > 0.99) was obtained. Both intra- and interday precision were lower than 2.53%. And the limits of detection of the three organic acids ranged between 0.01 and 0.029 µg/mL. Finally, the newly proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of organic acids in Fufang Danshen tablets, which indicates its great potential in analyzing organic acids in a complex matrix.

Highly efficient co-removal of copper (II) and phthalic acid with self-synthesized polyamine resin.

A novel method was proposed for efficient co-removal of Cu (II) and phthalic acid (PA) using self-synthesized polyamine resin (R-NH(2)). The adsorption properties of R-NH(2) were thoroughly investigated by equilibrium, kinetic and dynamic tests in sole and binary systems at pH 5.0. The Freundlich model was a good fit for all the isotherm data, showing higher Kf values in the binary system than the sole system. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation showed a better correlation to the experimental data in all cases and PA uptake was much faster than that of Cu (II). R-NH(2) showed highest adsorption capacities to both Cu (II) and PA among the five tested resins. Moreover, the presence of PA markedly enhanced the adsorption of Cu (II), being around 3.5 times of that of the sole system. The adsorption of PA was also slightly increased when Cu (II) was coexistent. Furthermore, using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and species calculations, possible mechanisms were proposed that Cu (II) coordinated with -NH(2) and negative PA species interacted with -NH(3)(+) by electrostatic attraction. [Cu-PA] complex in the binary system possessed a much higher affinity than free Cu (II) to chelating with -NH(2), resulting in mutual enhancement.

Advances in hyaluronic acid production: Biosynthesis and genetic engineering strategies based on Streptococcus - A review.

Hyaluronic acid (HA), which is a highly versatile glycosaminoglycan, is widely applied across the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is primary produced through Streptococcus fermentation, but the product presents inherent challenges concerning consistency and potential pathogenicity. However, recent strides in molecular biology have paved the way for genetic engineering, which facilitates the creation of high-yield, nonpathogenic strains adept at synthesizing HA with specific molecular weights. This comprehensive review extensively explores the molecular biology underpinning pivotal HA synthase genes, which elucidates the intricate mechanisms governing HA synthesis. Moreover, it delineates various strategies employed in engineering HA-producing strains.

Exquisite visualization of mitophagy and monitoring the increase of lysosomal micro-viscosity in mitophagy with an unusual pH-independent lysosomal rotor.

BACKGROUND: Mitophagy plays indispensable roles in maintaining intracellular homeostasis in most eukaryotic cells by selectively eliminating superfluous components or damaged organelles. Thus, the co-operation of mitochondrial probes and lysosomal probes was presented to directly monitor mitophagy in dual colors. Nowadays, most of the lysosomal probes are composed of groups sensitive to pH, such as morpholine, amine and other weak bases. However, the pH in lysosomes would fluctuate in the process of mitophagy, leading to the optical interference. Thus, it is crucial to develop a pH-insensitive probe to overcome this tough problem to achieve exquisite visualization of mitophagy. RESULTS: In this study, we rationally prepared a pH-independent lysosome probe to reduce the optical interference in mitophagy, and thus the process of mitophagy could be directly monitored in dual color through cooperation between IVDI and MTR, depending on Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. IVDI shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement toward the increase of viscosity, and the fluorescence barely changes when pH varies. Due to the sensitivity to viscosity, the probe can visualize micro-viscosity alterations in lysosomes without washing procedures, and it showed better imaging properties than LTR. Thanks to the inertia of IVDI to pH, IVDI can exquisitely monitor mitophagy with MTR by FRET mechanism despite the changes of lysosomal pH in mitophagy, and the reduced fluorescence intensity ratio of green and red channels can indicate the occurrence of mitophagy. Based on the properties mentioned above, the real-time increase of micro-viscosity in lysosomes during mitophagy was exquisitely monitored through employing IVDI. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: Compared with the lysosomal fluorescent probes sensitive to pH, the pH-inert probe could reduce the influence of pH variation during mitophagy to achieve exquisite visualization of mitophagy in real-time. Besides, the probe could monitor the increase of lysosomal micro-viscosity in mitophagy. So, the probe possesses tremendous potential in the visualization of dynamic changes related to lysosomes in various physiological processes.

A high-performance organic fluorescent probe with aggregation-induced emission properties for long-term tumor monitoring.

Near-infrared organic fluorescent probes have great need in biological sciences and medicine but most of them are still largely unable to meet demand. In this work, a delicate multipurpose organic fluorescent probe (DPPM-TPA) with aggregation-induced emission performances is designed and prepared by facile method to reflect fluorescence labeling, two-photon imaging, and long-term fluorescent tracking. Specifically, DPPM-TPA NPs was constructed from 4-(diphenylamino)phenylboronic acid and DPPM-Br by classical Suzuki coupling reaction and then coated with F127. Such nanoprobe possessed high stability in diverse medium under ambient temperatures, low cytotoxicity, and brilliant fluorescence performance. More importantly, DPPM-TPA NPs showed excellent two-photon imaging and extraordinary long-term fluorescence tracing capacity to malignant tumor, and it can last up to 9 days. These results indicated that DPPM-TPA NPs is expected to serve as a fluorescent probe for photodiagnostic and providing a new idea for the development of long-term fluorescent tracker.

Teng-Long-Bu-Zhong-Tang, a Chinese herbal formula, enhances anticancer effects of 5--Fluorouracil in CT26 colon carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has played a positive role in colorectal cancer treatment. There is a great need to establish effective herbal formula for colorectal cancer treatment. Based on TCM principles and clinical practices, we have established an eight herbs composed formula for colorectal cancer treatment, which is Teng-Long-Bu-Zhong-Tang (TLBZT). We have demonstrated the anticancer effects of TLBZT against colorectal carcinoma in vitro. In present study, we evaluated the anticancer potential of TLBZT, used alone or in combination with low dose of 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), in CT26 colon carcinoma in vivo. METHODS: CT26 colon carcinoma was established in BALB/c mice and treated with TLBZT, 5-Fu, or TLBZT plus 5-Fu. The tumor volumes were observed. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Caspases activities were detected by colorimetric assay. Cell senescence was indentified by senescence ß-galactosidase staining. Gene expression and angiogenesis was observed by immunohistochemistry or western blot. RESULTS: TLBZT significantly inhibited CT26 colon carcinoma growth. TLBZT elicited apoptosis in CT26 colon carcinoma, accompanied by Caspase-3, 8, and 9 activation and PARP cleavage, and downregulation of XIAP and Survivin. TLBZT also induced cell senescence in CT26 colon carcinoma, with concomitant upregulation of p16 and p21 and downregulation of RB phosphorylation. In addition, angiogenesis and VEGF expression in CT26 colon carcinoma was significantly inhibited by TLBZT treatment. Furthermore, TLBZT significantly enhanced anticancer effects of 5-Fu in CT26 colon carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: TLBZT exhibited significantly anticancer effect, and enhanced the effects of 5-Fu in CT26 colon carcinoma, which may correlate with induction of apoptosis and cell senescence, and angiogenesis inhibition. The present study provides new insight into TCM approaches for colon cancer treatment that are worth of further study.

[Effect of Solanum nigrum on human colon carcinoma RKO cells ].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Solanum nigrum on adhesion, migration and invasion in human colon carcinoma RKO cells. METHODS: RKO cells were treated with different dose of Solanum nigrum. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell adhesion was observed with CytoSelect 48-Well Cell Adhesion Assay. Cell migration was detected with scratch assay. Cell invasion was analyzed by CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Invasion Assay. RESULTS: At final concentration of 400-1600 microg/mL, Solanum nigrum significantly inhibited proliferation of RKO cells in a dose-dependent manner. At final concentration of 100-400 microg/mL, Solanum nigrum significantly inhibited adhesion,migration and invasion in RKO cells. CONCLUSION: Solanum nigrum may inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasive abilities in RKO cells. The present study provides new insight into the application of Solanum nigrum for colon carcinoma treatment that are worthy of further study.