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The construction of structurally well-defined supramolecular hosts to accommodate catalytically active species within a cavity is a promising way to address catalyst deactivation. The resulting supramolecular catalysts can significantly improve the utilization of catalytic sites, thereby achieving a highly efficient chemical conversion. In this study, the Co-metalated phthalocyanine (Pc-Co) was successfully confined within a tetragonal prismatic metallacage, leading to the formation of a distinctive type of supramolecular photocatalyst (Pc-Co@Cage). The host-guest architecture of Pc-Co@Cage was unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), NMR, and ESI-TOF-MS, revealing that the single cobalt active site can be thoroughly isolated within the space-restricted microenvironment. In addition, we found that Pc-Co@Cage can serve as a homogeneous supramolecular photocatalyst that displays high CO2 to CO conversion in aqueous media under visible light irradiation. This supramolecular photocatalyst exhibits an obvious improvement in activity (TONCO = 4175) and selectivity (SelCO = 92%) relative to the nonconfined Pc-Co catalyst (TONCO = 500, SelCO = 54%). The present strategy provided a rare example for the construction of a highly active, selective, and stable photocatalyst for CO2 reduction through a cavity-confined molecular catalyst within a discrete metallacage.
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BACKGROUND: Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multifunctional member of the IL-6 cytokine family that activates downstream signaling pathways by binding to the heterodimer consisting of LIFR and gp130 on the cell surface. Previous research has shown that LIF is highly expressed in various tumor tissues (e.g. pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer) and promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Moreover, the overexpression of LIF correlates with poor clinicopathological characteristics. Therefore, we hypothesized that LIF could be a promising target for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we developed the antagonist antibody 1G11 against LIF and investigated its anti-tumor mechanism and its therapeutic efficacy in mouse models. RESULTS: A series of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) targeting LIF were screened from a naive human scFv phage library. These scFvs were reconstructed in complete IgG form and produced by the mammalian transient expression system. Among the antibodies, 1G11 exhibited the excellent binding activity to human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse LIF. Functional analysis demonstrated 1G11 could block LIF binding to LIFR and inhibit the intracellular STAT3 phosphorylation signal. Interestingly, 1G11 did not block LIF binding to gp130, another LIF receptor that is involved in forming the receptor complex together with LIFR. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of 1G11 inhibited tumor growth in CT26 and MC38 models of colorectal cancer. IHC analysis demonstrated that p-STAT3 and Ki67 were decreased in tumor tissue, while c-caspase 3 was increased. Furthermore, 1G11 treatment improves CD3+, CD4 + and CD8 + T cell infiltration in tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS: We developed antagonist antibodies targeting LIF/LIFR signaling pathway from a naive human scFv phage library. Antagonist anti-LIF antibody exerts antitumor effects by specifically reducing p-STAT3. Further studies revealed that anti-LIF antibody 1G11 increased immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues.
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Fator Inibidor de Leucemia , Anticorpos de Cadeia Única , Animais , Humanos , Anticorpos de Cadeia Única/imunologia , Anticorpos de Cadeia Única/farmacologia , Camundongos , Fator Inibidor de Leucemia/imunologia , Fator Inibidor de Leucemia/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/imunologia , Receptor gp130 de Citocina/imunologia , Receptor gp130 de Citocina/metabolismo , Receptor gp130 de Citocina/antagonistas & inibidores , Biblioteca de Peptídeos , Transdução de Sinais , Feminino , Macaca fascicularis , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Incorporating ultralow loading of nanoparticles into polymers has realized increases in dielectric constant and breakdown strength for excellent energy storage. However, there are still a series of tough issues to be dealt with, such as organic solvent uses, which face enormous challenges in scalable preparation. Here, a new strategy of dual in situ synthesis is proposed, namely polymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) synchronizes with growth of calcium borate nanoparticles, making polyester nanocomposites from monomers directly. Importantly, this route is free of organic solvents and surface modification of nanoparticles, which is readily accessible to scalable synthesis of polyester nanocomposites. Meanwhile, uniform dispersion of as ultralow as 0.1 wt% nanoparticles and intense bonding at interfaces have been observed. Furthermore, the PET-based nanocomposite displays obvious increases in both dielectric constant and breakdown strength as compared to the neat PET. Its maximum discharged energy density reaches 15 J cm-3 at 690 MV m-1 and power density attains 218 MW cm-3 under 150 Ω resistance at 300 MV m-1, which is far superior to the current dielectric polymers that can be produced at large scales. This work presents a scalable, safe, low-cost, and environment-friendly route toward polymer nanocomposites with superior capacitive performance.
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A solvent-controllable organo-photoredox-catalyzed C-F bond activation for masked formylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes with low-priced 1,3-dioxolane as masked formyl radical equivalent has been described. Consequently, a diversity of masked formylated gem-difluoroalkenes and monofluoroalkenes are constructed in moderate to high yields. This approach merits readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The feasibility of this approach has been highlighted by the one-pot masked formylation/hydrolysis sequence to form γ,γ-difluoroallylic aldehydes and late-stage modification of pharmaceutical and natural product derivatives.
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An organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of glycine with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes via direct C(sp3)-H functionalization of glycine and C-F bond activation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has been described. As a consequence, a broad range of gem-difluoroalkene-containing unnatural amino acids are afforded in moderate to excellent yields. This reaction exhibits multiple merits such as readily available starting materials, broad substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions. The feasibility of this reaction has been highlighted by the late-stage modification of several peptides as well as the improved in vitro antifungal activity of compound 3v toward Valsa mali compared to that with commercial azoxystrobin.
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Aminoácidos , Glicina , Alcenos , Peptídeos , CatáliseRESUMO
An organo-photoredox catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation of both acyclic and cyclic ketone derivatives with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes has been demonstrated, thus giving access to a diverse set of gem-difluoroalkenes in moderate to high yields. Pro-aromatic dihydroquinazolinones can be either pre-formed or in situ generated for ketone activation. This reaction is characterized by readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. The feasibility of this reaction has been highlighted by the late-stage modification of several natural products and drug-like molecules as well as the in vitro antifungal activity.
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Gas nanobubbles used for water treatment and recovery give rise to great concern for their unique advantages of less byproducts, higher efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), which has also been widely explored in the field of environmental remediation, can generate gas hydrogen by direct reaction with water. Whether nanoscale hydrogen bubbles can be produced to enhance the pollution removal of the nZVI system is one significant concern involved. Herein, we report direct observations of in situ generation of hydrogen nanobubbles (HNBs) from nZVI in water. More importantly, the formed HNBs can enhance indeed the reduction of Se(IV) beyond the chemical reduction ascribed to Fe(0), especially in the anaerobic environment. The possible mechanism is that HNBs enhance the reducibility of the system and promote electron transport in the solution. This study demonstrates a unique function of HNBs combined with nZVI for the pollutant removal and a new approach for in situ HNB generation for potential applications in the fields of in situ remediation agriculture, biotechnology, medical treatment, health, etc.
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Poluentes Ambientais , Recuperação e Remediação Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Purificação da Água , FerroRESUMO
BACKGROUND: VT (Ventricular Thrombus) is a serious complication of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our goal is to develop a nomogram for personalized prediction of incident VT in DCM patients. METHODS: 1267 patients (52.87 ± 11.75 years old, 73.8% male) were analyzed retrospectively from January 01, 2015, to December 31, 2020. A nomogram model for VT risk assessment was established using minimum absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and its effectiveness was validated by internal guidance. The model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). We compared the performance in predicting VT between nomogram and CHA2DS2, CHA2DS2- VASc or ATRIA by AUC, akaike information criterion (AIC), bayesian information criterion (BIC), net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination index (IDI). RESULTS: 89 patients (7.02%) experienced VT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), uric acid (UA), N-terminal precursor B-type diuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and D-dimer (DD) were important independent predictors of VT. The nomogram model correctly separates patients with and without VT, with an optimistic C score of 0.92 (95%CI: 0.90-0.94) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 11.51, P = 0.12). Our model showed improved prediction of VT compared to CHA2DS2, CHA2DS2-VASc or ATRIA (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The novel nomogram demonstrated better than presenting scores and showed an improvement in predicting VT in DCM patients.
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Cardiomiopatia Dilatada , Cardiopatias , Trombose , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Teorema de Bayes , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/complicações , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/diagnóstico , Nomogramas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Volume Sistólico , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Trombose/diagnóstico , Trombose/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is 22nd most common cancer that occurs all over the world, but the prevalence rate can exhibit significant geographical differences. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database provides data related to the incidence, mortality, and disease burden of NPC worldwide from 1990 to 2019. We have designed this study in order to evaluate the potential effectiveness of health care policies and strategies for NPC prevention, diagnosis and treatment in different countries or regions around the world. METHODS: We used for the first time two distinct indicators, EAPC-ASIR and EACP-ASDR, to perform cluster analysis on 200 countries or regions around the world. RESULTS: 200 countries or regions could be divided into five diverse groups. Group 1: The incidence rate showed an increasing trend whereas the mortality rate depicted a decreasing trend. Group 2: Morbidity as well as mortality showed a slight increase; Group 3: Morbidity as well as mortality increased significantly; Group 4: Morbidity and mortality decreased significantly; Group 5: Both morbidity as well as mortality decreased slightly. Moreover, in the context of a global decline in NPC incidence, mortality and disease burden, Group 3 countries, including: "Turkmenistan", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Dominican Republic", "Bulgaria", "Lesotho", "Cabo Verde", "Romania", "Cuba", "Jamaica", "Azerbaijan", "Uzbekistan", "Chad", "Belize" and "Ukraine" displayed a significant increase in morbidity, mortality, and disease burden, thus indicating a dangerous trend. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the medical and health policies formulated by the countries in Group 3 for NPC, as well as their capacity for conducting censuses, preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases, need to be substantially strengthened.
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Saúde Global , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/mortalidade , Saúde Global/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Incidência , Carga Global da Doença , Análise por Conglomerados , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/mortalidadeRESUMO
The fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized via a facile one-pot solvothermal process using coal (Jin 15 Anthracite and Shaerhu lignite) as raw materials and dimethyl formamide (DMF) as the solvent, employing a microwave pyrolysis method. This approach demonstrates remarkable efficacy in the development of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) with a high quantum yield (QY). The N-CDs prepared have strong photoluminescence properties. Moreover, the obtained N-CDs emit blue PL and are easily dispersed in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), preserving the inherent advantages of N-CDs and the PMMA matrix. The JN-CDs exhibit a high quantum yield (QY) of 49.5% and a production yield of 25.7%, respectively. In contrast, the SN-CDs demonstrate a quantum yield of 40% and a production yield of 35.1%. It is worth noting that the production yield and quantum yield of coal-based carbon dots are inversely related indices. The lower metamorphic degree of subbituminous coal favors an enhanced product yield, while the higher metamorphic degree of anthracite promotes an improved quantum yield in the product, which may be attributed to the presence of amorphous carbon within it. Consequently, we propose and discuss potential mechanisms underlying N-CD formation.
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Benzimidazole fungicides are a class of highly effective, low-toxicity, systemic broad-spectrum fungicides developed in the 1960s and 1970s, based on the fungicidal activity of the benzimidazole ring structure. They exhibit biological activities including anticancer, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects. Due to their particularly outstanding antibacterial properties, they are widely used in agriculture to prevent and control various plant diseases caused by fungi. The main products of benzimidazole fungicides include benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, albendazole, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, fuberidazole, methyl (1-{[(5-cyanopentyl)amino]carbonyl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate, and carbendazim salicylate. This article mainly reviews the physicochemical properties, toxicological properties, disease control efficacy, and pesticide residue and detection technologies of the aforementioned nine benzimidazole fungicides and their main metabolite (2-aminobenzimidazole). On this basis, a brief outlook on the future research directions of benzimidazole fungicides is presented.
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Fungicidas Industriais , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/metabolismo , Carbamatos/farmacologia , Tiofanato , AntibacterianosRESUMO
AIM: To examine the healing outcomes of patients with venous leg ulcers requiring compression bandaging in community care versus tertiary care. METHOD: This was an analytical observational cohort study. Venous leg ulcer (VLU) patients who required compression bandaging were recruited from an outpatient vascular clinic between May 2021 and August 2022. Eligible patients received two-or four-layer compression bandaging and followed up with the community care or tertiary care centre nurses. The primary outcome was the difference in the total surface area of the VLU after 12 weeks, and the secondary outcome was the patient's quality of life, as measured by the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule (CWIS). RESULTS: Forty-seven VLU patients were recruited; 27 received compression bandaging in the community care and 20 by the tertiary care centre. Mean age 70 years old (SD 11.04). The two most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (51.06 %) and diabetes mellitus (38.29 %). Among those who completed follow-up (12 weeks), the median difference of the total surface area of the VLU between community-based care (p = 0.02) versus tertiary-based care (0.003) was significant. However, there was no difference in the healing status between community and tertiary-based care (p = 0.68). There was no difference in the quality of life of patients between groups. CONCLUSION: This first tropical study comparing VLU healing outcomes between community and tertiary care found no significant difference in healing with compression bandaging by nurses in either setting. However, the small sample size and high dropout rate limit the generalizability of the findings, necessitating a larger-scale study with longer follow-up. Despite these limitations, the study is a crucial step toward improving wound care services in Singapore, and highlights the need for further research to guide future community wound care implementation.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks, and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020. According to their conditions, they were divided into group A (both twins had BPD), group B (only one twin had BPD), and group C (neither twin had BPD). The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed. Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins. RESULTS: A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of <34 weeks were included in this study. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C, birth weight discordance of >25% between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins (OR=3.370, 95%CI: 1.500-7.568, P<0.05), and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD (P<0.05). The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins (OR=5.017, 95%CI: 1.040-24.190, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age, birth weight discordance between the twins, and SGA birth.
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Displasia Broncopulmonar , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Gêmeos , Humanos , Displasia Broncopulmonar/etiologia , Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Idade Gestacional , Peso ao Nascer , Modelos LogísticosRESUMO
The supraspinal mechanism plays a key role in developing and maintaining chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). However, it is not clear how white matter changes in young and middle-aged males with CP/CPPS. In this cross-sectional study, 23 CP/CPPS patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Tract-based spatial statistics was applied to investigate the differences in diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), radial diffusion (RD) and axial diffusion (AD), between CP/CPPS patients and HCs. The study also examined the association between white matter alterations and clinical variables in patients using correlation analysis. Compared with HCs, patients showed decreased FA, MD, RD and AD in the body and genu of the corpus callosum and right anterior corona radiata. In addition, they showed increased FA along with decreased MD, RD and AD in the left posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC-L), left external capsule and left cerebral peduncle. The FA of PLIC-L was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = -.54, corrected p = .017), while MD and RD were positively correlated (r = .45, corrected p = .042; r = .57, corrected p = .017). These results suggest that CP/CPPS is associated with extensive changes in white matter tracts, which are involved in pain processing. In particular, the FA, MD and RD values in the PLIC-L were correlated with the disease duration, indicating that the long-term course of CP/CPPS may have effects on the white matter microstructure of the pain perception pathways.
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Prostatite , Substância Branca , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Prostatite/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Pélvica/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may regulate the onset and progression of human malignancies by competitively binding to microRNA (miRNA) sponges, thus regulating the downstream genes. However, aberrant circRNA expression patterns and their biological functions in prostate cancer (PCa) warrant further studies. Our research sought to shed further light on the possible role and molecular mechanism of circEPHA3 action in controlling the growth and metastasis of PCa cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: circEPHA3 (has_circ_0066596) was initially screened from a previous circRNA microarray and identified following Actinomycin D and RNase R assays. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, biotin-coupled probe RNA pulldown, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to examine the relationship between circEPHA3 and miR-513a-3p. The biological role of circEPHA3 in PCa was assessed by CCK8, wound healing, Transwell assays, and animal experiments. RESULTS: We identified a novel circular RNA, circEPHA3 (has_circ_0066596), which was down-regulated in high-grade PCa tissues and cell lines. The outcomes of CCK8, wound healing, Transwell assays, and animal experiments revealed that circEPHA3 prohibited the progression and metastasis of PCa in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, circEPHA3 was directly bound to miR-513a-3p and regulated the downstream gene, BMP2, thereby serving as a tumor suppressor in PCa. CONCLUSIONS: As a tumor suppressor, circEPHA3 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells through the miR-513a-3p/BMP2 axis, suggesting that circEPHA3 might be a potential therapeutic target for PCa.
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MicroRNAs , Neoplasias da Próstata , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , RNA Circular/genética , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , RNA/genética , Bioensaio , MicroRNAs/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Movimento Celular/genética , Receptor EphA3 , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The mechanism underlying HCC metastasis remains unclear, many oncogenes are known to regulate this process. However, the role of alternative splicing (AS) in pro-metastatic HCC is poorly understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS: By performing RNA sequencing on nine pairs of primary HCC tissues with extrahepatic metastasis (EHMH) and nine pairs of metastasis-free HCC (MFH) tissues, we depicted the AS landscape in HCC and found a higher frequency of AS events in EHMH compared with MFH. Moreover, 28 differentially expressed splicing regulators were identified in EHMH compared with MFH. Among these, DEAD-box RNA helicase 17 (DDX17) was significantly up-regulated in EHMH and was strongly associated with patient outcome. Functional studies indicated that DDX17 knockout inhibited the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and diminished the invasive ability of HCC cells. A significant reduction in lung metastasis induced by DDX17 deficiency was also demonstrated in a diethylnitrosamine-induced DDX17HKO mouse model. Mechanistically, high DDX17 induced intron 3 retention of PXN-AS1 and produced a transcript (termed PXN-AS1-IR3). The transcript PXN-AS1-IR3 acted as an important promoter of HCC metastasis by inducing MYC transcription activation via recruiting the complex of testis expressed 10 and p300 to the MYC enhancer region, which led to transcriptional activation of several metastasis-associated downstream genes. Finally, the PXN-AS1-IR3 level was significantly higher in serum and HCC tissues with extrahepatic metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: DDX17 and PXN-AS1-IR3 act as important metastatic promoters by modulating MYC signaling, suggesting that DDX17 and PXN-AS1-IR3 may be potential prognostic markers for metastatic HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , RNA Helicases DEAD-box , Neoplasias Hepáticas , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Processamento Alternativo , Animais , Carcinogênese/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/genética , Metástase Neoplásica , Oncogenes , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Understanding the electronic structure of doped InP quantum dots (QDs) is essential to optimize the material for specific optoelectronic applications. However, current synthesis approaches are often tedious and unfavorable for rational tunning. Herein, a combination of experimental and computational studies was conducted to address the doping mechanism and surface passivation of InP QDs. The successful dopant introduction requires low Cu doping concentration and heavy Mn doping, while the Ag doping amount is relatively moderate. This may correspond to the theoretical doping formation energy presented as Cu (-2.52 eV) < Ag (-1.76 eV) < Mn (-0.38 eV). As for surface passivation, inorganic ions and shell-like ZnS are unraveled through simulational investigation. Chloride ion promotes oriented growth toward tetrahedron morphology while nitrate-passivated InP QDs exhibit blurry transmission electron microscope (TEM) morphology. Correspondingly, the binding energy of chloride ion with (111) facet is -2.13 eV significantly lower than those of (110) and (100) facets. Further, the additional Zn 3d bands are more involved in the formation of conduction band, which optimized the Mn-doped InP with a 0.32 eV bandgap. These experimental and model results provide more microscopic details of doped InP, which can motivate theoretically exact control of guest ion stoichiometry with optimized characteristics for electrical devices.
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α-Aryl derivatives of carbonyl compounds are important building blocks. Herein, we presented an efficient catalytic system for the α-arylation of aryl ketones with inactive aryl chlorides by firstly using N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr)-ligated chiral oxazoline palladacycles, and tolerated a wide range of substrates at low catalyst loadings, leading to the desired products in good to excellent yields.
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A multiplex qPCR assay was developed to simultaneously detect duck circovirus (DuCV), duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV), and novel duck reovirus (NDRV), but it did not amplify other viruses, including duck virus enteritis (DVE), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), avian reovirus (ARV), H5 avian influenza virus (H5 AIV), H7 avian influenza virus (H7 AIV), H9 avian influenza virus (H9 AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), and the detection limit for DuCV, DTMUV, MDRV, and NDRV was 1.51 × 101 copies/µL. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were less than 1.54% in the repeatability test with standard plasmid concentrations of 1.51 × 107, 1.51 × 105, and 1.51 × 103 copies/µL. The developed multiple qPCR assay was used to examine 404 clinical samples to verify its practicability. The positivity rates for DuCV, DTMUV, MDRV, and NDRV were 26.0%, 9.9%, 4.0%, and 4.7%, respectively, and the mixed infection rates for DuCV + DTMUV, DuCV + MDRV, DuCV + NDRV, MDRV + NDRV, DTMUV + MDRV, and DTMUV + NDRV were 2.7%, 1.2%, 1.2%, 1.0%, 0.5%, and 0.7%, respectively.
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Vírus da Influenza A , Influenza Aviária , Orthoreovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/diagnósticoRESUMO
To cope with the urgent and unprecedented demands for rare earth elements (REEs) in sophisticated industries, increased attention has been paid to REE recovery from recycled streams. However, the similar geochemical behaviors of REEs and transition metals often result in poor separation performance due to nonselectivity. Here, a unique approach based on the selective transformation between ceria sulfation and iron/manganese mineralization was proposed, leading to the enhancement of the selective separation of REEs. The mechanism of the selective transformation of minerals could be ascribed to the distinct geochemical and metallurgical properties of ions, resulting in different combinations of cations and anions. According to hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory, the strong Lewis acid of Ce(III) was inclined to combine with the hard base of sulfates (SO42-), while the borderline acid of Fe(II)/Mn(II) prefers to interact with oxygen ions (O2-). Both in situ characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculation further revealed that such selective transformation might trigger by the generation of an oxygen vacancy on the surface of CeO2, leading to the formation of Ce2(SO4)3 and Fe/Mn spinel. Although the electron density difference of the configurations (CeO2-x-SO4, Fe2O3-x-SO4, and MnO2-x-SO4) shared a similar direction of the electron transfer from the metals to the sulfate-based oxygen, the higher electron depletion of Ce (QCe = -1.91 e) than Fe (QFe = -1.66 e) and Mn (QMn = -1.64 e) indicated the higher stability in the Ce-O-S complex, resulting in the larger adsorption energy of CeO2-x-SO4 (-6.88 eV) compared with Fe2O3-x-SO4 (-3.10 eV) and MnO2-x-SO4 (-2.49 eV). This research provided new insights into the selective transformation of REEs and transition metals in pyrometallurgy and thus offered a new approach for the selective recovery of REEs from secondary resources.