[Comparision of surgical outcomes between percuteneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy and fenestration discectomy for L5S1 lumbar disc herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects of percuteneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy(PEID)and fenestration discectomy(FD) for the treatment of L5S1 lumbar disc herniation(LDH). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on 86 patients with L5S1 LDH from January 2014 to March 2017 and followed up. According to the different surgical methods, the patients were divided into PEID group(43 cases) and FD group(43 cases). All operations were performed under general anesthesia. Forty-three patients in PEID group underwent percuteneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) and other 43 patients in FD group underwent classical fenestration discectomy (FD). Operative incision, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, duration of hospitalization, time of lying in bed after surgery, complication were compared between two groups. Pre- and postoperative visual analogue scale(VAS) of affected extremity pain and lumbar pain were recorded. Postoperative creatine kinase (CK) was observed in two groups. Modified Macnab criteria was used to evaluate the clinical effects. MRI was used to observe the survival rate of paraspinal muscle after operation. RESULTS: The length of skin incision, intraoperative blood loss, duration of hospitalization, time of lying in bed after surgery of PEID group and FD group were(0.7±0.1) cm, (8.0±3.0) ml, (3.0±1.5) d, (1.0±0.5) d and(5.0±1.8) cm, (62.0±50.5) ml, (11.0±2.5) d, (3.0±0.8) d, there was significant differences between two groups(P<0.05). VAS of affected extremity at 24 hours and 1 year after operation was obviously decreased in two groups(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups(P>0.05). VAS of lumbar pain in PEID group and FD group were respectively (2.99±0.32), (5.44±1.31) scores at 24 hours after operation, and (1.56±0.60), ( 3.05±0.24) at 1 year after operation, there was significant differences between two groups(P<0.05). CK at 24, 48 hours after operation of FD group were obviously increased(P<0.05). According the modified Macnab criteria to evaluate the clinical effect, the rate of excellent and good of PEID group and FD group were 93% and 95%, respectively. The survival rate of paraspinal muscle by MRI in PEID group at 1 year after operation was higher than that in FD group(P<0.05). No complications such as spinal dura mater tearing, nerve root injury, vascular injury, intervertebral space infection were found in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both of the two methods are safe and can obtain satisfactory effect, but PEID is more in line with concept of minimally invasive and has more advantages in paraspinal muscle protection, operative incision, intraoperative blood loss, duration of hospitalization, time of lying in bed after operation.

[Detection of singlet oxygen and superoxide anion with the fluorescence of FCLA].

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in various life systems and is critical in understanding the mechanisms of photodynamic therapy (PDT), seed vigour and plant stress, and so on. Researchers have dedicated much effort for detecting singlet oxygen and suqeroxide anion. FCLA (the fluoresceinyl cypridina luciferin analog) is a singlet oxygen and superoxide anion specific chemiluminescence probe. Typical chemiluminescence signal is relatively weak and its detection at single cell level is rather difficult. In the present study, the fluorescence of FCLA at 515 nm was investigated and was found to increase significantly during the ROS oxidative reaction. With fluorescence imaging technique, ROS can be detected by evaluating the spatial distribution and the dynamic changes in FCLA fluorescence. The technique is proved to have high sensitivity and excellent signal-to-noise ratio compared to direct CL measurement. With minimal cytotoxicity and excellent ROS selectivity, the FCLA fluorescence imaging technique can be a powerful new means in real-time in vivo and in situ single oxygen detection at the single cell level.

[The study on the inueraction of FCLA with human serum albumin with spectroscopy techniques].

It is very important to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biologic and medicinal research. FCLA, the Fluoresceinyl Cypridina Luciferin Analog, is a high sensitivity probe of detecting singlet oxygen and superoxide anions. The FCLA molecule can react with ROS and, after a series of reactions that result in the release of additional chemical energy, releases photons. Depending on the probe used, the photons are typically in visible wavelength range and easily measurable with conventional optical detectors. The binding reaction of FCLA with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied with spectroscopy techniques. It was found that HSA fluorescence was partially quenched by FCLA. The binding constants were obtained with quenching results. According to the Forster energy transfer mechanism, the energy efficiency and the distance between FCLA and HSA were calculated. Then it was found that static quenching was the main binding reaction between FCLA and HSA, and the energy transfer caused the HSA fluorescence quenching and the FCLA fluorescence producing. By studying the binding reaction of FCLA with HSA by spectroscopy techniques, this research proved the transfer style of FCLA and the interaction mechanism in the body. The results will offer some good advises about the ROS detection with the chemiluminesence probe in vivo. Meanwhile, it will also provide a new means to study pharmacokinetics and some basic theories about the medicine transfer in the body.

[Effects of different re-vegetation patterns on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the wind-water erosion crisscross region, China].

This study was conducted to analyze the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) to three typical re-vegetation patterns, i.e., grassland, alfalfa land and peashrub land on the Loess Plateau of China, and also to assess the dynamics of SOC and TN with re-vegetation age. The results showed that all the three re-vegetation practices increased the concentrations of SOC and TN in the 0-10 cm soil layer, but their effects differed with re-vegetation age. Compared with adjacent croplands, the concentrations of SOC and TN in the 0-10 cm soil layer in grassland did not change within 10 years of succession, but increased after 20 years of succession. In alfalfa land, the concentrations of SOC and TN increased by 51.6%-82.9% and 43.4%-67.0% in the 0-10 cm soil layer, with the increasing rates of stocks of SOC and TN being 0.17-0.46 and 0.015-0.043 t · hm⁻² · a⁻¹, respectively. However, SOC and TN were not affected by re-vegetation age in alfalfa land. The increases of concentrations of SOC and TN remained high in the first 20 years after conversion of cropland to peashrub land, but decreased after 40 years of conversion. In conclusion, the conversion of croplands to peashrub or alfalfa land could be better in contributing to high stocks of SOC and TN than natural succession of grassland. However, their positive effects on the enrichment of SOC and TN may not be sustainable due to the scarcity of soil moisture and high water consumption of these two re-vegetation plants.