Basal cell carcinoma arising at the site of a previously irradiated infantile hemangioma.

We describe a case of a previously irradiated infantile hemangioma in a patient 1 year of age. At the age of 78, the patient presented with a pink, pearly plaque at the previously irradiated infantile hemangioma site and was found to have a nodular basal cell carcinoma. [Correction added on 30 August 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, patient age has been corrected in this version] This case highlights the rare, but long-term risks of radiation therapy for hemangiomas, but also presents an interesting historical vignette in dermatological treatments, with photographic documentation. It also represents the longest time interval between irradiation of an infantile hemangioma and the development of a basal cell skin cancer, 70 years in this case.

Verrucous carcinoma presenting as recalcitrant verruca plantaris.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare, low-grade variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Plantar verrucous carcinoma presents as a slow-growing, exophytic, verrucous plaque on weight bearing areas of the foot. Verrucous carcinomas have low metastatic potential, but are high risk for local invasion. We describe a patient with a 20-year history of a slowly growing, ulcerated, verrucous plaque on the sole of the left foot that was erroneously treated for years as verruca plantaris and was eventually diagnosed as invasive verrucous carcinoma. Verrucous carcinomas are a diagnostic challenge due to clinical and histopathologic mimicry of benign lesions. Mohs micrographic surgery should be employed to allow the ability to intraoperatively assess tumor margins while excising the minimal amount of necessary tissue. It is important for clinicians to recognize the characteristics and accurately diagnose verrucous carcinomas. Delays in treatment may require more extensive dissection or amputation.

Postoperative Complications After Interpolated Flap Repair for Mohs Defects of the Nose: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Dermatologists perform most interpolated flaps after skin cancer resection. Prospective, multicenter data on complications after interpolated flap repair in this setting are limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of physician-reported complications after interpolated flap repair of the nose. METHODS: Multicenter, prospective cohort study of 169 patients undergoing 2-stage interpolated flap repair of post-Mohs nasal defects. Frequency of bleeding, infection, dehiscence, necrosis, hospitalization, and death in the 30 days after flap placement and flap takedown are reported. RESULTS: Patients experienced 23 complications after flap placement (13.61%) and 6 complications after flap takedown (3.55%) that were related to the surgical procedure. The most frequent complication after flap placement was bleeding (9, 5.33%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.83%-9.82%). The most frequent complication after flap takedown was infection (5, 2.96%, 95% CI: 1.27%-6.74%). There was one hospitalization related to an adverse reaction to antibiotics. There were no deaths. CONCLUSION: Most complications after interpolated flap repair for post-Mohs defects of the nose are minor and are associated with flap placement. Interpolated flap repair for post-Mohs defects can be performed safely in the outpatient setting under local anesthesia.

Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Advanced Centrofacial Tumors.

BACKGROUND: Mohs surgery was developed for the treatment of advanced skin cancers. Advanced centrofacial tumors are among the most challenging lesions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to review the most complex midface cases from our practice and to delineate how to plan the approach to these lesions, how to remove them in a step-by-step fashion, and how the patients were managed in a multidisciplinary manner when indicated. METHODS: We reviewed 15 years of the most complex tumors to present to our practice for which Mohs micrographic surgery was performed. Follow-up for patients ranged from 3 to 13 years and is ongoing. RESULTS: Twenty cases were identified in which tumors of the central face extended to bone and created extensive operative wounds. Eleven lesions were recurrent at presentation, and 9 had perineural disease. These cases are reviewed sequentially and demonstrate the challenges, successes, and pitfalls of Mohs micrographic surgery in the treatment of the most difficult tumors. Two patients died from disease. CONCLUSION: Mohs surgery is an excellent technique for the removal of extensive midfacial lesions and allows for the surgical removal of lesions that might otherwise be considered inoperable. Approach to these lesions requires careful planning, meticulous surgical technique, excellence in histology, and an experienced reconstructive surgeon. Such tumors often require a multidisciplinary approach, imaging, and adjuvant therapy. All such cases require diligent follow-up. Although many such lesions will be cured, regional recurrence and metastasis may result, even when clear margins are achieved.

Aggressive Skin Cancers Occurring in Patients Treated With the Janus Kinase Inhibitor Ruxolitinib.

The Food and Drug Administration approved Ruxolitinib in 2011 for the treatment of primary myelofibrosis. Five-year safety data showed a higher incidence of skin cancer in patients treated with Ruxolitinib compared to best available therapy for myelofibrosis. This report presents a series of five patients with history of myelofibrosis treated with Ruxolitinib who subsequently developed numerous skin cancers with aggressive biological behavior. Each patient in this report was treated by a Mohs surgeon affiliated with an academic institution. All patients had a history of myelofibrosis and were exposed to Ruxolitinib. Some patients were exposed to other immunomodulatory medications such as Hydroxyurea and Rituximab. The total number of skin cancers and skin cancers with particularly aggressive behavior were noted. All five patients in this series developed numerous skin cancers with aggressive biological behavior during or after therapy with Ruxolitinib. Also, one patient developed lentigo maligna melanoma and another developed metastatic undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. The repeat observation of skin cancers with aggressive features during JAK inhibitor treatment suggests that these medications may promote cutaneous malignant transformation in at risk patients. Further surveillance and testing of JAK kinases regarding the risk of skin cancers is indicated.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(5):508-511.

Patient-Reported Nasal Function and Appearance After Interpolation Flap Repair Following Skin Cancer Resection: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Among patients undergoing two-stage interpolated flap repair of nasal defects, nasal function, and appearance before surgery and at 16 weeks after flap takedown were compared using the Nasal Appearance and Function Evaluation Questionnaire (NAFEQ). Design: Multicenter prospective cohort study. Methods: Adult patients with a nasal skin cancer anticipated to require two-stage interpolation flap repair completed the NAFEQ before surgery, at 1 week after flap placement, 4 weeks after flap takedown, and 16 weeks after flap takedown. Results: One hundred sixty-nine patients were enrolled, with 138 patients completing both presurgical and 16-week post-takedown NAFEQs. Overall NAFEQ score increased by 1.09 points (1.91% improvement, confidence interval [95% CI -0.34 to 2.53]). NAFEQ functional subscale increased by 0.72 points (2.58% increase; 95% CI [0.10-1.35]) and appearance subscale increased by 0.37 points (1.28% improvement, 95% CI [-0.65 to 1.39]). Conclusion: At 16 weeks after flap takedown, patients' perceptions of their nasal function and appearance are similar to or slightly improved when compared with their presurgical assessments.

Patient Quality of Life After Interpolated Flap Repair of Nasal Mohs Surgery Defects: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

IMPORTANCE: Single-center studies have shown that patients report better skin cancer-specific quality of life (QOL) after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), but it is unclear whether this improved QOL applies to patients after MMS and complex reconstruction in cosmetically sensitive areas. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient QOL after MMS and interpolation flap reconstruction for patients with nasal skin cancers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter prospective survey study used the Skin Cancer Index (SCI), a validated, 15-question QOL questionnaire administered at 4 time points: before MMS, 1 week after flap placement, 4 weeks after flap takedown, and 16 weeks after flap takedown. Patients age 18 years or older with a nasal skin cancer who presented for MMS and were anticipated to undergo 2-stage interpolated flap repair by a Mohs surgeon were recruited from August 9, 2018, to February 2, 2020, at 8 outpatient MMS locations across the United States, including both academic centers and private practices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mean difference in overall SCI score before MMS vs 16 weeks after flap takedown. RESULTS: A total of 169 patients (92 men [54.4%]; mean [SD] age, 67.7 [11.4] years) were enrolled, with 147 patients (75 men [51.0%]; mean [SD] age, 67.8 [11.7] years) completing SCI surveys both before MMS and 16 weeks after flap takedown. Total SCI scores improved significantly 16 weeks after flap takedown compared with pre-MMS scores, increasing by a mean of 13% (increase of 7.11 points; 95% CI, 5.48-8.76; P < .001). All 3 SCI subscale scores (emotion, appearance, and social) improved significantly (emotion subscale, increase of 3.27 points; 95% CI, 2.35-4.18; P < .001; appearance subscale, increase of 1.65 points; 95% CI, 1.12-2.18; P < .001; and social subscale, increase of 2.10 points; 95% CI, 1.55-2.84; P < .001) 16 weeks after flap takedown compared with pre-MMS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Removal of a nasal skin cancer and repair of the resulting defect can be distressing for patients. However, this cohort study suggests that physicians referring patients for MMS can be reassured that their patient's QOL will improve on average after surgery, even when a complex reconstruction is required.

An enlarging tender nodule on the finger of a 4-year-old boy: an unusual presentation of infantile myofibromatosis.

Infantile myofibromatosis is a benign neoplasm most commonly seen in the neonatal period through infancy. We report a case of a 4-year-old boy who had a nodule on his left index finger. Biopsy specimen showed features of infantile myofibromatosis (solitary type). Unusual features of this case included location and the concept of an infantile myofibromatosis/infantile hemangiopericytoma continuum.