Emotions, action strategies and expectations of health professionals and people with dementia regarding COVID-19 in different care settings in Switzerland: a mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: More than 55 million people are currently affected by dementia worldwide and over 144 thousand in Switzerland. In Swiss nursing homes, 47.6% of the residents had a medical diagnosis of dementia in 2014. Due to cognitive impairment, they have difficulties remembering hygiene measures or placing them in the epidemic context. This results in a higher infection risk. There are COVID-19-associated recommendations focused on dementia care management but studies simultaneously surveying and correlating perspectives of health professionals as well as people with dementia across care settings are largely lacking. This study is focused on COVID-19-associated perspectives and needs of health professionals and people with dementia across different care settings. Lessons learned from the pandemic shall be pointed out. METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods approach based on an exploratory sequential design. Two qualitative interview rounds (n = 15 participants) and a quantitative online survey (n = 148 participants) with people with dementia, caring relatives, Advanced Practice Nurses and nursing home managers (health professionals) were performed. Data collected was performed in nursing home and home-care settings. The SQRQ checklist was used. RESULTS: Fear and uncertainty were highest at the beginning of the pandemic among the interviewed nursing professionals and nursing home managers. As a positive side effect of the pandemic, increased cohesion in care teams was reported. Some people with dementia experienced the decelerated outside world as pleasant and less challenging to master. Particularly during the first wave, nursing home managers rated political decision-making processes as being too slow, partly non-transparent, inconsistent, and sometimes inappropriate for people with dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Although the identified emotional and physical consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are mostly negative for health professionals and people with dementia, research should also investigate potential positive side effects. Furthermore, political decisions should be passed on to care institutions as promptly, transparently, and comprehensibly as possible. The results provide guidance on dementia-focused COVID-19 management interventions incorporating lessons learned and considering the emotional impact of the pandemic in Switzerland and beyond.

Nurse-led physical activity interventions for people with dementia in nursing homes: A systematic review on intervention characteristics and implementation facilitators/barriers.

BACKGROUND: Physical activities are important to maintain and promote physical functioning and activities of daily living in people with dementia. Nurses are in a key position to deliver physical activity interventions in nursing homes. However, synthesized strategies for sustainable implementation of physical activity interventions in nursing homes for people with dementia are lacking. OBJECTIVE: We aimed at synthesizing the evidence on nurse-led physical activity interventions and at identifying facilitators and barriers to sustainable implementation of physical activity interventions for people with dementia. DESIGN: Systematic review. REVIEW METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search combining database searches (MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science Core Collection; last search: September 27, 2023) and supplementary search methods (citation tracking, web searching, clinical guideline database searching). We considered studies on nurse-led physical activity interventions for people with dementia living in nursing homes for eligibility; published as journal articles and related material in English, French, German language, without restrictions on primary study design and publication year. Independently and in duplicate, we assessed the references' eligibility and the quality of the included studies. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to appraise quality of included studies. We piloted and double-checked data extractions, and summarized the results narratively and graphically (harvest plot). We prospectively registered our review (PROSPERO CRD42021271833). RESULTS: We identified 24 studies (of which eleven were randomized trials) assessing various interventions that we categorized into physical exercise (n = 8), care-integrated physical activity (n = 6), outdoor or walking activity (n = 5), technology-supported physical exercise (n = 3), and dancing (n = 2). Types of outcomes and length of follow-up varied widely. Effects were inconclusive, except for outdoor or walking activities showing an overall positive impact on physical outcomes. For eight interventions, we identified evidence on implementation barriers (b) and facilitators (f), including staff shortage (b), staff time resources (b), or ease of implementation for staff (f) and adaptability of interventions (f) or refusal to participate of people with dementia (b). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our review provide a comprehensive overview on types, characteristics and effects of nurse-led physical activity interventions for people with dementia in nursing homes. Based on evidence from a range of study designs and sources, we came to the conclusion that all stakeholders involved considered physical activity interventions for people with dementia as useful and relevant. Outcome measures varied widely and a clear conclusion on effectiveness remains open.