RESUMO
Significant differences in the distribution of human-type and simian-type blood groups have been demonstrated in chimpanzees classified into subspecies or "races" on the basis of morphological traits. The differences in chimpanzees are analogous to racial differences in the distribution of blood groups in man.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Pan troglodytes/sangue , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Animais , Humanos , Especificidade da EspécieAssuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Haplorrinos , Hominidae , Polimorfismo Genético , Pesquisa , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Animais , Animais de Laboratório , Incompatibilidade de Grupos Sanguíneos , Eritroblastose Fetal , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Gravidez , Especificidade da Espécie , TransplanteAssuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Paternidade , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Duffy , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Antígenos HLA , Haptoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Isoenzimas , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Kidd , Leucócitos/imunologia , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo MNSs , Masculino , Métodos , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo P , Probabilidade , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-HrRESUMO
There are still many myths, incorrect beliefs, in medicine; some pertaining to the field of blood grouping are discussed. Certain fallacious statements are dealt with in detail such as the dependence on the A-B-O blood group of the shape of the retracted clot; the patients with Dupuytren contracture all being type Rh1Rh2; the assumption of an association with the blood groups of a number of diseases and even of temperament; the belief in the existence of ant-M-lectin and of little d and thus of anti-d sera; and also of the alleged LW (Landsteiner--Wiener) factor. Finally, Race and Sanger's system of symbols is condemned and the advantages of the author's own nomenclature are pointed out.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Contratura de Dupuytren/sangue , Humanos , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr , Terminologia como Assunto , Trombose/sangueRESUMO
By absorbing extracts of seeds of the Korean Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg with selected human group O red cells, a lectin has been prepared, which defines a hitherto undescribed specificity, designated C1, defining individual differences in human red cells. The specificity C1 appears to characterize a structure associated with the A-B-H-Le marcomolecule, both of red cells and of saliva, which is distinct from the combining groups for A,B,H and Le. Moreover, the reactivity of red cells with anti-C1 lectin is destroyed by treatment of the red cells with proteolytic enzymes, unlike the reactions for A,B,H and Le.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Epitopos , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Ficina/farmacologia , Humanos , Isoanticorpos/isolamento & purificação , Coreia (Geográfico) , Saliva/imunologiaRESUMO
Spontaneously occurring agglutinins in animal sera are shown to fall into several categories, namely, 1. cold-reactive agglutinins; these often are nonspecific and act as autoagglutinins, 2. agglutinins reactive at room as well as refrigerator temperatures; these, like cold agglutinins, are usually IgM immunoglobulins which may be species-specific in their activity, or type-specific, notably, like anti-A and anti-B and 3. agglutinins reactive at body temperature, usually IgG immunoglobulins, and most often due to maternofetal incompatibility and transplacental immunization of the mother by fetal red cells. The naturally occurring cold autoantibodies are physiologic in nature and appear to be the raw materials for antibody production. This is postulated to be adaptive in nature by enzyme action, through in part genetically determined, as evidenced by the so-called constant polypeptide sections of the immunoglobulin molecules.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/classificação , Formação de Anticorpos , Primatas/sangue , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Autoanticorpos , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Temperatura Baixa , Haplorrinos , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Isoanticorpos , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Erythroblastosis fetalis represents a significant hazard for successful management of pregnancy in man and in marmosets, but not in crab-eating macaques. Materno-fetal blood group incompatibility in chimpanzee is described as a contributing factor in the death of an infant. The findings indicate that parental blood groups should be taken into consideration when breeding chimpanzees.
Assuntos
Incompatibilidade de Grupos Sanguíneos/veterinária , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eritroblastose Fetal/veterinária , Pan troglodytes/sangue , Animais , Eritroblastose Fetal/sangue , Feminino , GravidezRESUMO
Human type A-B-O blood group antigens were tested in a local population of Ethiopian vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). One animal was of group AB, the others were A. This represents a lower rate of polymorphism at this locus than has been observed among South African populations of the same species.
Assuntos
Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Cercopithecus/sangue , Chlorocebus aethiops/sangue , Alelos , Animais , Etiópia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Masculino , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
A chimpanzee of simian-type blood groups V.A, cef, G, H, L was isoimmunized with the red cells of another chimpanzee of simian-type V.B, cef, G, H, 1 in order to obtain antibodies of specificity anti-Bc, originally produced in another chimpanzee in 1964. In addition to the desired anti-Bc, the immunized chimpanzee produced also three other antibodies; anti-Yc cross-reactive with chimpanzee red cells of the simian-type Bc and/or Dc, a potent cold autoantibody reactive for red cells of all chimpanzees tested, and 'new' antibodies anti-Oc and anti-Pc. This study confirms the reproducibility of results obtained over a period of 13 years.