[Urinary stress incontinence - one of basic diseases of modern society]. / Wysilkowe nietrzymanie moczu - jedna z podstawowych chorób wspólczesnego spoleczenstwa.

One of the most common women's chronic diseases is urine incontinence (UI). Currently considered to be a social disease of women in all age groups. The etiology of urine incontinence is multifactorial and the most common is stress urinary incontinence (SUI). UI is a interdisciplinary problem, lying in the sphere of interests of different specialties. According to the recommendations of the Polish Gynecological Society IU diagnostics can be divided into a preliminary stage and specialized stage. Initial diagnosis should start by gathering medical history and it can be completed by quality of life questionnaire. Today, one of the non-invasive diagnostic methods is the ultrasound study. In a situation where diagnosis can not be placed or when surgical treatment is needed, the patient should have urodynamic study. Conservative methods and surgery are used in the treatment of SUI. Conservative procedure should be the first choice in patients with symptoms of IU. Over 200 types of various operations have been described in the history of the surgical treatment of SUI. Until now the most common are: Burch colposuspension, TVT and TOT and implantation of an artificial sphincter.

[Evaluation of brain activation by functional magnetic resonance in offspring of epileptic mothers and their parents in pathogenetic aspects of dyslexia]. / Ocena aktywacji mózgu potomstwa matek chorych na padaczke i ich rodziców za pomoca czynnosciowego rezonansu magnetycznego w aspekcie patogenezy dysleksji.

PRINCIPLE: So far, the assessment of cerebral centres activity during fonological awareness test with functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) of families with dyslexia has not been carried out. The up till now published studies concern insignificant number of children or adults with dyslexia, whose results have not been unequivocal. THE AIM: The general aim of the study is the explanation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of dyslexia in offspring of mothers with epilepsy and their family. Detailed aim is the evaluation of the influence of dyslexia occurrence in this particular population on activation of the brain in fMRI during phonological tests. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Before fMRI, all the patients were subjected to classical cerebral MRI to estimate central nervous system structure excluding organic causes of lesions. Finally, the groups subjected to MRI included 7 children with dyslexia, 7 without dyslexia, 7 mothers with dyslexia, 10 women without dyslexia, 4 fathers with dyslexia, 10 fathers without dyslexia and 15 men without dyslexia. The examination was carried out during fonological awareness test. Mean quantities of activated pixels in the areas of interest--prefrontal cortex (1) and Broca's area (2) were compared in the investigated and control groups. RESULTS: fMRI demonstrated significantly lower activity in both areas in frontal lobe in offspring of epileptic mothers with dyslexia as compared to offspring without dyslexia (p = 0.01, p = 0.02). Activity of Broca's area in epileptic mothers with dyslexia was significantly lower than in women with dyslexia from the control group (p = 0.05). Mothers with epilepsy and dyslexia, whose offspring also had dyslexia, had significantly lower Broca's area activity. The activity of frontal areas of fathers was on fMRI similar to the activity in control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Epilepsy in mothers with coexisting dyslexia has a modifying effect on the activity of cerebral areas in frontal lobes during the fonological awareness test. Lower activity of Broca's area is a fonotypic trait transmitted to offspring with dyslexia.

[Epidemiology of primary glaucoma cases requiring hospital treatment among Gdynia inhabitants]. / Epidemiologia jaskry pierwotnej wymagajacej leczenia szpitalnego u mieszkanców Gdyni.

PURPOSE: The paper proves to show the influence of new strategies in therapy of primary glaucoma, on the number of trabeculectomies performed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sex, age, kind of glaucoma and indications to the surgery in patients treated in the Municipal Hospital of Gdynia in the years 1992-2003 have been analyzed. RESULTS: The number of hospitalized females was much higher than males. 60.34% of them were over 60 years old. In that period 865 patients were hospitalized, 614 with POAG and 251 with PACG. In 163 of them, 124 trabeculectomies were performed: in the years 1992-1997 and 39 in the period of 1998-2003 years. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in trabeculectomies indicates more and more effective prophylaxis and treatment of glaucoma.

The long-term psychological effects of surgical treatment using neuroendoscopic techniques and Orbis Sigma shunt implantation in children suffering from hydrocephalus.

BACKGROUND: Hydrocephalus, which is the most common disease of the central nervous system in children, has a diverse etiology and clinical picture. Children suffering from hydrocephalus are often treated either by using a neuroendoscopic procedure or by Orbis Sigma shunt implantation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term psychological effects of neuroendoscopic surgical treatment on the mental development and cognitive abilities of children suffering from hydrocephalus, in comparison with the results following Orbis Sigma shunt implantation, and to assess the impact of the kind of hydrocephalus on the outcome of the treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 78 patients treated surgically for chronic noncommunicating hydrocephalus: 39 patients who had undergone neuroendoscopic surgery (average age: 12 years, SD +/- 7 years), and 39 who had undergone implantation of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (average age: 14 years +/- 5 years). The psychomotor development of the two groups was analyzed using psychomotor development tests including the Brunet-Lezine test, the Terman-Merrill test, Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, the Benton Visual Retention Test, the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test, the Rey Fifteen-Item Memory Test, lateralization tests and a questionnaire. RESULTS: In the shunt group there were statistically significant prevalences hydrocephalus diagnosed perinatally and in the first year of life (p = 0.0291), epileptic seizures (p = 0.0181), intellectual disability (p = 0.0049) and gait disturbances (p = 0.006). There were statistically significant differences between two groups in the relative changes of linear measurements of the cerebral ventricle depending on the type of treatment: Relative Frontal Horn Index (RFHI): 0.93 following endoscopy and 0.64 following shunt implantation; Relative Evans' ratio (RER): 0.93 following endoscopy and 0.62 after shunt implantation; Relative Frontal and Occipital Horn Ratio (RFOHR): 0.89 after endoscopy and 0.69 after shunt implantation. The time treatment was undertaken and the incidence of mental retardation did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of cerebral ventricle enlargement expressed in linear ventricular enlargement measurements revealed statistically important differences in the intellectual, cognitive and motor development between the groups treated with the two neurosurgical techniques.