KAT8/SIRT7-mediated Fascin-K41 acetylation/deacetylation regulates tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (Fascin) is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), working as an important oncogenic protein and promoting the migration and invasion of cancer cells by bundling F-actin to facilitate the formation of filopodia and invadopodia. However, it is not clear how exactly the function of Fascin is regulated by acetylation in cancer cells. Here, in ESCC cells, the histone acetyltransferase KAT8 catalyzed Fascin lysine 41 (K41) acetylation, to inhibit Fascin-mediated F-actin bundling and the formation of filopodia and invadopodia. Furthermore, NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT) 7-mediated deacetylation of Fascin-K41 enhances the formation of filopodia and invadopodia, which promotes the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Clinically, the analysis of cancer and adjacent tissue samples from patients with ESCC showed that Fascin-K41 acetylation was lower in the cancer tissue of patients with lymph node metastasis than in that of patients without lymph node metastasis, and low levels of Fascin-K41 acetylation were associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with ESCC. Importantly, K41 acetylation significantly blocked NP-G2-044, one of the Fascin inhibitors currently being clinically evaluated, suggesting that NP-G2-044 may be more suitable for patients with low levels of Fascin-K41 acetylation, but not suitable for patients with high levels of Fascin-K41 acetylation. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

T cell infiltration mediates neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with pathological features of ß-amyloid (Aß) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein accumulation in the brain, often accompanied by cognitive decline. So far, our understanding of the extent and role of adaptive immune responses in AD has been quite limited. T cells, as essential members of the adaptive immune system, exhibit quantitative and functional abnormalities in the brains of AD patients. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in AD is considered one of the factors leading to T cell infiltration. Moreover, the degree of neuronal loss in AD is correlated with the quantity of T cells. We first describe the differentiation and subset functions of peripheral T cells in AD patients and provide an overview of the key findings related to BBB dysfunction and how T cells infiltrate the brain parenchyma through the BBB. Furthermore, we emphasize the risk factors associated with AD, including Aß, Tau protein, microglial cells, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and neuroinflammation. We discuss their regulation of T cell activation and proliferation, as well as the connection between T cells, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Understanding the innate immune response is crucial for providing comprehensive personalized therapeutic strategies for AD.

A non-invasive artificial intelligence model for identifying axillary pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a secondary analysis to multicenter clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to develop a stacking model for accurately predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using longitudinal MRI in breast cancer. METHODS: We included patients with node-positive breast cancer who received NAC following surgery from January 2012 to June 2022. We collected MRIs before and after NAC, and extracted radiomics features from the tumour, peritumour, and ALN regions. The Mann-Whitney U test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and Boruta algorithm were used to select features. We utilised machine learning techniques to develop three single-modality models and a stacking model for predicting ALN response to NAC. RESULTS: This study consisted of a training cohort (n = 277), three external validation cohorts (n = 313, 164, and 318), and a prospective cohort (n = 81). Among the 1153 patients, 60.62% achieved ypN0. The stacking model achieved excellent AUCs of 0.926, 0.874, and 0.862 in the training, external validation, and prospective cohort, respectively. It also showed lower false-negative rates (FNRs) compared to radiologists, with rates of 14.40%, 20.85%, and 18.18% (radiologists: 40.80%, 50.49%, and 63.64%) in three cohorts. Additionally, there was a significant difference in disease-free survival between high-risk and low-risk groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The stacking model can accurately predict ALN status after NAC in breast cancer, showing a lower false-negative rate than radiologists. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The clinical trial numbers were NCT03154749 and NCT04858529.

Noninvasive Artificial Intelligence System for Early Predicting Residual Cancer Burden during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system for the early prediction of residual cancer burden (RCB) scores during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: RCB III indicates drug resistance in breast cancer, and early detection methods are lacking. METHODS: This study enrolled 1048 patients with breast cancer from four institutions, who were all receiving NAC. Magnetic resonance images were collected at the pre- and mid-NAC stages, and radiomics and deep learning features were extracted. A multitask AI system was developed to classify patients into three groups (RCB 0-I, II, and III ) in the primary cohort (PC, n=335). Feature selection was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U- test, Spearman analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and the Boruta algorithm. Single-modality models were developed followed by model integration. The AI system was validated in three external validation cohorts. (EVCs, n=713). RESULTS: Among the patients, 442 (42.18%) were RCB 0-I, 462 (44.08%) were RCB II and 144 (13.74%) were RCB III. Model-I achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.975 in the PC and 0.923 in the EVCs for differentiating RCB III from RCB 0-II. Model-II distinguished RCB 0-I from RCB II-III, with an AUC of 0.976 in the PC and 0.910 in the EVCs. Subgroup analysis confirmed that the AI system was consistent across different clinical T stages and molecular subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: The multitask AI system offers a noninvasive tool for the early prediction of RCB scores in breast cancer, supporting clinical decision-making during NAC.

CD74 is a potential biomarker predicting the response to immune checkpoint blockade.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been improving the patient outcome in multiple cancer types. However, not all patients respond to ICB. Biomarkers are needed for selecting appropriate patients to receive ICB. CD74 is an important chaperone that regulates antigen presentation for immune response. However, the relationship between CD74 expression and ICB response remains elusive. METHODS: The unified normalized pan-cancer dataset was downloaded from the UCSC database. Wilcoxon Rank Sum Rank Tests were used to analyze the expression differences between normal and tumor samples in each tumor type. Then, the prognostic value of CD74 was determined using univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The STRING database was utilized to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of CD74 and the signal pathways were analyzed as well. The correlation of CD74 expression with immune cells and immune regulating genes was investigated in the TIMER database. The TIDE framework was utilized to evaluate the relationship between CD74 expression and the response to immunotherapy. Moreover, the localization of CD74 in the tumor immune microenvironment was verified using multiplex immunohistochemistry. Clinically annotated samples from 38 patients with esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with ICB were analyzed for CD74 expression using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In this study, we investigated the prognostic and predictive value of CD74 in different types of cancer. Compared with normal tissue, the expression of CD74 was higher in tumor tissue in various cancers. High expression of CD74 was associated with improved patient prognosis in the majority of cancers. CD74 and its interacting proteins were mainly enriched in the immune-related pathways. The expression of CD74 was significantly positively correlated with B cells, CD4 T-cells, CD8 T-cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. TIDE analysis showed that tumors with high CD74 expression may have better responses to immunotherapy and improved patient survival. In patients with esophageal cancer who had received ICB, higher intratumoral CD74 expression was associated with improved response to ICB. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the high expression of CD74 may be a potential predictive biomarker of response to ICB.

Tanshinone IIA attenuates osteoarthritis via inhibiting aberrant angiogenesis in subchondral bone.

Excessive angiogenesis in subchondral bone is a pathological feature of osteoarthritis (OA). Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), an active compound found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, demonstrates significant anti-angiogenic properties. However, the effect of TIIA on abnormal subchondral angiogenesis in OA is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of TIIA in modulating subchondral bone angiogenesis during OA and assess its therapeutic potential in OA. Our findings demonstrate that TIIA attenuated articular cartilage degeneration, normalized subchondral bone remodeling, and effectively suppressed aberrant angiogenesis within subchondral bone in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA mice. Additionally, the angiogenesis capacity of primary CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cells was observed to be significantly reduced after treatment with TIIA in vitro. Mechanically, TIIA diminished the proportion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, ultimately leading to a substantial reduction in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The supernatant of hypertrophic chondrocytes promoted the tube formation of CD31hiEMCNhi endothelial cells, whereas TIIA inhibited this process. Furthermore, TIIA effectively suppressed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) along with its downstream MAPK pathway in CD31hiEmcnhi endothelial cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that TIIA could effectively inhibit the abnormal angiogenesis in subchondral bone during the progression of OA by suppressing the VEGFA/VEFGR2/MAPK pathway. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the abnormal angiogenesis in OA and offer a promising therapeutic target for OA treatment.

Drug-Drug Cocrystal Alloy and Nanoformulation of Cytarabine: Optimized Biopharmaceutical Property and Synergistic Antitumor Efficacy.

An integrated strategy by combining cocrystallization with nanotechnology is developed to optimize in vitro/vivo performances of marine antitumor drug cytarabine (ARA) and further obtain innovative insights into the exploitation of cocrystal alloy nanoformulation. Therein, the optimization of properties and synergistic effects of ARA mainly depends on assembling with uracil (U) and antitumor drug 5-fluorouracil (FU) into the same crystal by cocrystallization technology, while the long-term efficacy is primarily maintained by playing the superiority of nanotechnology. Along this line, the first cocrystal alloy of ARA, viz., ARA-FU-U (0.6:0.4), is successfully obtained and then transformed into a nanocrystal. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that this cocrystal alloy consists of two isomorphic cocrystals of ARA, namely, ARA-FU and ARA-U, in 0.6:0.4 ratio. An R22(8) hydrogen-bonding cyclic system formed by a cytosine fragment of ARA with U or FU can protect and stabilize the amine group on ARA, laying the foundation for regulating its properties. The in vitro/in vivo properties of the cocrystal alloy and its nanocrystals are investigated by theoretical and experimental means. It reveals that both the alloy and nanocrystal can improve physicochemical properties and promote drug absorption, thus bringing to optimized pharmacokinetic behaviors. The nanocrystal produces superior effects than the alloy that helps to extend therapeutic time and action. Particularly, relative to the corresponding binary cocrystal, the synergistic antitumor activity of ARA and FU in the cocrystal alloy is heightened obviously. It may be that U contributes to reducing the degradation of FU, specifically increasing its concentration in tumors to enhance the synergistic effects of FU and ARA. These findings provide new thoughts for the application of cocrystal alloys in the marine drug field and break fresh ground for cocrystal alloy formulations to optimize drug properties.

Palladium-catalyzed hydroarylation of 1,3-diynes with arylboronic acids.

Transition-metal-catalyzed selective hydroarylation of alkynes represents a state-of-the-art approach in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the reaction of symmetrical 1,3-diynes and arylboronic acids, with Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst and PCy3 as the ligand, affording functionalized enynes in good to excellent yields. Its efficiency is demonstrated by its good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. This method offers a general, convenient, and practical strategy for the modular synthesis of multisubstituted enynes. To comprehensively elucidate the mechanism of the Pd-based catalytic system in the hydroarylation of 1,3-diynes, we performed detailed DFT computations for the Pd-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction.

Arginine vasopressin induces ferroptosis to promote heart failure via activation of the V1aR/CaN/NFATC3 pathway.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a key contributor to heart failure (HF), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, a mouse model of HF and human cardiomyocyte (HCM) cells treated with dDAVP are generated in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining is used to evaluate the morphological changes in the myocardial tissues. A colorimetric method is used to measure the iron concentration, Fe 2+ concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Western blot analysis is used to examine the protein levels of the V1a receptor (V1aR), calcineurin (CaN), nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform C3 (NFATC3), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and acyl-CoA synthase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Immunoprecipitation (IP) and luciferase reporter assays are performed to determine the interaction between NFATC3 and ACSL4. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments reveal that the V1aR-CaN-NFATC3 signaling pathway and ferroptosis are upregulated in HFs, which are verified by the elevated protein levels of V1aR, CaN, NFATC3 and ACSL4; reduced GPX4 protein level; and enhanced Fe 2+ and MDA levels. We further find that inhibiting NFATC3 by suppressing the V1aR/CaN/NFATC3 pathway via V1aR/CaN inhibitors or sh-NFATC3 not only alleviates HF but also inhibits AVP-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, sh-NFATC3 significantly reverses the increase in AVP-induced ACSL4 protein level, Fe 2+ concentration, and MDA level by directly interacting with ACSL4. Our results demonstrate that AVP enhances ACSL4 expression by activating the V1aR/CaN/NFATC3 pathway to induce ferroptosis, thus contributing to HF. This study may lead to the proposal of a novel therapeutic strategy for HF.

Improving Sexual Function through Penis Enlargement: Comparing Silicone Pearls Implantation and Fat Grafting.

BACKGROUND: Although current penile enlargement techniques can improve appearance, it remains unclear whether these procedures increase sexual function. We aimed to systematically compare the surgical outcomes, with a particular focus on sexual function, in patients and their partners following silicone pearls implantation and fat grafting for penis enlargement. METHODS: A single-site, retrospective study reviewed patients who underwent silicone pearls implantation or fat grafting for penis enlargement. In the operation, silicone pears were connected to form a ring-shaped implant, which was then implanted under the dartos fascia. For patients underwent fat grafting, a total of 40-55 ml of fat was injected for penis enlargement. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative data of patients and their partners were collected. The penis diameter, penis appearance score (PAS) and treatment satisfaction scale (TSS) were evaluated. RESULTS: Both pearls implantation (n = 28) and fat grafting (n = 27) led to an increase in penis diameter. The TSS scores of patients who underwent pearls implantation increased by 11.96%, and the partners' scores increased by 9.17%. Specifically, Confidence, Pleasure from Sexual Activity, and Satisfaction with Orgasm scores of partners showed significant improvements. Partners' Satisfaction with Orgasm increased most. The total TSS scores of patients with fat grafting increased by 16.7%; meanwhile, scores of their partners had not obvious improvement. CONCLUSION: Silicone pearls implantation was found to effectively improve the sexual function of men and the sexual satisfaction of their partners compared to fat grafting. Therefore, pearls implantation is possible to enhanced sexual experiences both for man and their partners. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Wogonin preconditioning of MSCs improved their therapeutic efficiency for colitis through promoting glycolysis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are prevalent and debilitating diseases with limited clinical treatment strategies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with self-renewal capability and multiple immunomodulatory effects, which make them a promising therapeutic approach for IBDs. Thus, optimization of MSCs regimes is crucial for their further clinical application. Wogonin, a flavonoid-like compound with extensive immunomodulatory and adjuvant effects, has been investigated as a potential pretreatment for MSCs in IBD treatment. In this study, we employed the DSS-induced acute colitis mouse model to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in pretreated with or without wogonin and further explore the underlying mechanism. Compared to untreated MSCs, MSCwogonin (pretreated with wogonin) showed greater effectiveness in the treatment of colitis. Further experiments revealed that wogonin treatment activated the AKT signaling pathway, resulting in higher cellular glycolysis. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation by perifosine not only decreased glycolysis but impaired the therapeutic efficiency of MSCwogonin. Consistent with these results, qPCR data indicated that wogonin treatment induced the expression of immunomodulatory molecules IL-10, IDO, and AGR1, which were reduced by perifosine. Together, our data demonstrated that wogonin preconditioning strategy further augmented the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs via promoting glycolysis, which should be a promising strategy for optimizing MSCs therapy in IBDs.

From Research to Roach Traps: Practical Considerations for a Home-Based Asthma Program.

CONTEXT: Home-based asthma interventions have a significant evidence base as an effective means to address moderate and severe breathing concerns triggered by home conditions. However, the literature lacks logistical and staffing considerations necessary to successfully implement such a program at a governmental level. This practice report and process evaluation outlines practical details and lessons learned during a healthy homes pilot, and how they were addressed in the design of a permanent program. OBJECTIVE: To inform the creation of a permanent home-based asthma intervention at the Alexandria Health Department (AHD) (City of Alexandria, Virginia) and understand the tools and resources necessary for success. INTERVENTION: Participating households received a health and environmental assessment, followed by cleaning supplies, relevant education, and referrals to partners for services. AHD staff tracked challenges and insights at each step of the intervention. At the end of the pilot, staff worked with the community to identify solutions and design a permanent program. CONCLUSIONS: Although the pilot model was constructed based on existing case studies, technical assistance from national experts, and guidance documents, the team still experienced challenges around recruitment, staff support, home visit implementation, and impact evaluation. While pilots and existing literature can be instructive for identifying issues, work with residents and partners to develop a uniquely tailored community program was essential for practical success. IMPLICATIONS ON POLICY AND PRACTICE: Health departments developing new initiatives should consider both the staff and participant experience throughout the creation of administrative and programmatic processes. Testing out draft versions of these processes and materials using internal and external focus groups can identify potential bottlenecks and solutions upfront.

Exosome-Mediated lncRNA LINC01140 Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression by Regulating the Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway.

Exosome-delivered long non-coding RNAs have a role in the cancer control. It is unknown how exosomal LINC01140 contributes to the breast cancer (BC) growth. The purpose of this investigation is to identify exosomal LINC01140's function in the development of breast cancer. Using quantitative reverse transcripion polymerase chain reaction, the expression of LINC01140 was measured. To investigate how LINC01140 overexpression impacts BC cell proliferation, CCK-8 as well as colony formation assays (CFA) were employed. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and Wnt/ß-catenin signal pathway-related proteins (Wnt, C-myc, ß-catenin, and p-GSK-3ß) was assessed through Western blotting. Exosomes from BC cells were verified by western blotting to measure CD63 and CD9 levels. To examine how exosomal LINC01140 affects Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and xenograft tumor in nude mice, BC cell exosomes that were overexpressing LINC01140 were obtained and co-cultured with BC cells. In BC, it was discovered that LINC01140 had poor expression. BC cell proliferation was inhibited by overexpressing LINC01140, and the levels of the proteins Bcl-2, ß-catenin, C-myc, and Wnt were lowered while Bax and p-GSK-3 were increased. In addition, exosomal LINC01140 hindered the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, leading to a decrease in the growth of breast cancer cells in vivo. The presence of exosomal LINC01140 impedes the initiation of Wnt/ß-catenin and reduces the cancerous characteristics of BC cells.

Characterization of pollen tube development in distant hybridization of Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis L.).

MAIN CONCLUSION: This work mainly found that the stigma and style of Q. variabilis did not completely lose the specific recognition towards heterologous pollen, a fact which is different from previous studies. Quercus is the foundation species in the Northern Hemisphere, with extreme prevalence for interspecific hybridization. It is not yet entirely understood whether or how the pollen tube-female tissue interaction contributes to the "extensive hybridization" in oaks. Pollen storage conditions correlate with distant hybridization. We conducted hybridization experiments with Q. variabilis as female and Q. variabilis and Q. mongolica as male parents. And the differences in pollen tube (PT) development between intra- and distant interspecific hybridization were studied by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results showed that -20 °C allowed pollen of both species to maintain some viability. Both Q. variabilis and Q. mongolica pollen germinated profusely on the stigmas. SEM results indicated that in the intraspecific hybridization, Q. variabilis pollen started to germinate at 6 h after pollination (hap), PTs elongated significantly at 12 hap, and entered the stigma at 24 hap. By contrast, Q. mongolica pollen germinated at 15 hap, and the PTs entered the stigma at 27 hap. By fluorescence microscopical studies it was observed that some PTs of Q. variabilis gathered at the style-joining at 96 hap, unlike the Q. mongolica which reached the style junction at 144 hap. The above results indicate that the abundant germination of heterologous pollen (HP) on the stigma and the "Feeble specificity recognition" of the stigma and transmitting tract to HP may create opportunities for the "extensive hybridization" of oaks. This work provides a sexual developmental reference for clarifying the causes of Quercus "extensive hybridization".

Quercetin alleviates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced inflammatory damage and oxidative stress through inhibition of TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro.

Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in chickens leads to enormous economic damage to the poultry industry yearly. The active components and mechanism of action of the traditional herbal remedy Ephedra houttuynia powder (EHP), which had been approved for clinical treatment against MG infection in China, remain unknown. In this study, the active components of EHP against MG were screened using a network pharmacological method, additionally, we studied the mechanism of action of the screened results (quercetin (QUE)). The findings demonstrated that QUE was an essential element of EHP against MG infection, effectively attenuating MG-induced oxidative stress and activation of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Following QUE therapy, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α content and expression were downregulated, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 expression were upregulated, eventually suppressing the inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo. Together, this study presents a strong rationale for using QUE as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit MG infection-induced inflammatory damage and oxidative stress.

Cocrystallization-Driven Double-Optimized Stratagem toward Directional Self-Assembly for the First Ternary Salt Cocrystal of Cardiotonic Drug Milrinone with Different Phenolic Acids Exhibits Optimal In Vitro/Vivo Biopharmaceutical Peculiarities.

The current research leverages the structural features and property superiorities along with benefits in protecting cardiovascular system of gallic acid (GLC) and gentisic acid (HGA) to optimize in vitro/vivo peculiarities of cardiotonic drug milrinone (MIL) through developing a stratagem of cocrystallization-driven double-optimized ternary salt cocrystal. This strategy assembles MIL ternary salt cocrystal by shaping a cocrystallization moiety relying on noncovalent interplays with GLC to obtain permeability advancement and molding a salt segment via the salification of proton transfer between HGA and MIL molecules to facilitate solubility enhancement. While the ameliorative in vitro properties further modulate the in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors, thus fulfilling a dual optimization of MIL's biopharmaceutical characteristics on both in vitro and in vivo aspects. Along this line, the first MIL ternary salt cocrystal, viz., [HMIL+-GA-]-MIL-GLC-H2O (denoted as MTSC hereinafter), has been satisfactorily constructed and precisely structurally identified by diversified techniques. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment validates that a molecular salt [HMIL+-GA-] species cocrystallizes with one neutral MIL, two GLC, and five solvent water molecules, among which the organic constituents compose laminated hydrogen bond networks, and then are self-assembled by water molecules to a 3D supramolecular structure. The unique structural feature and stacking pattern of MTSC make both the permeability and solubility be respectively enhanced by 9.69 times and 5.17- to 6.03-fold compared with the parent drug per se. The experimental outcomes are powerfully supported by associated calculations based on density functional theory. Intriguingly, these optimal in vitro physicochemical natures of MTSC have been potently converted into strengths of in vivo pharmacokinetics, showcasing the elevated drug plasma concentration, elongated half-life, alongside advanced bioavailability. Consequently, this presentation not just contributes a brand-new crystalline form with utility values, but ushers in a new dimension of ternary salt cocrystals for improving in vitro/vivo limitations of poor drug bioavailability.

Correction: Supramolecular self-assembly of amantadine hydrochloride with ferulic acid via dual optimization strategy establishes a precedent of synergistic antiviral drug-phenolic acid nutraceutical cocrystal.

Correction for 'Supramolecular self-assembly of amantadine hydrochloride with ferulic acid via dual optimization strategy establishes a precedent of synergistic antiviral drug-phenolic acid nutraceutical cocrystal' by Ling-Yang Wang et al., Analyst, 2021, 146, 3988-3999, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN00478F.

Influence of enhanced external counterpulsation on endothelial function: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is an effective and noninvasive treatment for patients with refractory angina and chronic heart failure. However, previous studies evaluating the influence of EECP on endothelial function showed inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of EECP on endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). DESIGN: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the influence of EECP versus usual care on FMD in adult population. A random-effects model incorporating the potential influence of heterogeneity was used to pool the results. RESULTS: Nineteen studies with 1647 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with usual care or conventional therapy, additional treatment with EECP for 3-7 weeks was associated with a significantly improved FMD (mean difference [MD]: 1.96%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57-2.36, p < 0.001, I2 = 52%). Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in patients with coronary artery disease and in patients with other diseases (p for subgroup difference = 0.21). Results of meta-regression analysis showed that the mean baseline FMD level was positively correlated with the influence of EECP on FMD (coefficient = 0.42, p < 0.001). Results of subgroup analysis suggested that the increment of FMD following EECP was larger in patients with baseline FMD ≥ 5% (MD: 2.69, 95% CI: 2.27-3.10, p < 0.001; I2 = 15%) compared to those with baseline FMD < 5% (MD: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.13-1.85, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%; p for subgroup difference < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: EECP may be effective in improving endothelial function measured by FMD.

Systematic Proteome and Lysine Succinylome Analysis Reveals Enhanced Cell Migration by Hyposuccinylation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor therapeutic outcomes. However, the alterations in proteins and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) leading to the pathogenesis of ESCC remain unclear. Here, we provide the comprehensive characterization of the proteome, phosphorylome, lysine acetylome, and succinylome for ESCC and matched control cells using quantitative proteomic approach. We identify abnormal protein and PTM pathways, including significantly downregulated lysine succinylation sites in cancer cells. Focusing on hyposuccinylation, we reveal that this altered PTM was enriched on enzymes of metabolic pathways inextricably linked with cancer metabolism. Importantly, ESCC malignant behaviors such as cell migration are inhibited once the level of succinylation was restored in vitro or in vivo. This effect was further verified by mutations to disrupt succinylation sites in candidate proteins. Meanwhile, we found that succinylation has a negative regulatory effect on histone methylation to promote cancer migration. Finally, hyposuccinylation is confirmed in primary ESCC specimens. Our findings together demonstrate that lysine succinylation may alter ESCC metabolism and migration, providing new insights into the functional significance of PTM in cancer biology.

Clinical Efficacy of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Coronary Heart Disease Patients with SYNTAX Score ≥33 and Euro Score ≥6: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical efficacy of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in coronary heart disease patients with SYNTAX scores (SS) ≥33 and Euro Scores (ES) ≥6 who are unsuitable for or have declined coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). METHODS: A total of 117 patients with SS ≥33 and Euro Score (ES) ≥6 who were unsuitable for and/or who had declined CABG between Jan 2021 and June 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. All patients accepted optimal medical therapy and some accepted an FFR-guided PCI procedure. Patients who only underwent optimal medical therapy were divided into the optimal medical therapy group (OMT group) and patients who simultaneously underwent FFR-guided PCI procedure were divided into the PCI group in this retrospective analysis. All patients accepted follow-up for at least 12 months after discharge. RESULTS: SS and ES in the two groups were not statistically different (p > 0.05). Patients with chronic total occlusion accounted for a greater proportion in the PCI subgroup (31.3%, 5/16) than in other subgroups. Eighteen (18.6%, 18/97) cases in the PCI group developed major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). There were 12 (60%, 12/20) cases of MACCEs in the OMT group, which was statistically different from the PCI group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on optimal medical therapy, FFR-guided PCI can still have clinical benefit to coronary artery disease patients with SS ≥33 who were not suitable for CABG.