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Gliomas are a diverse group of primary central nervous system neoplasms with no curative therapies available. Brain macrophages comprise microglia in the brain parenchyma, border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space and monocyte-derived macrophages infiltrating the brain. With the great improvement of our recognition of brain macrophages, diverse macrophage populations have been found in the context of glioma, which exhibit functional and phenotypic heterogeneity. We have long thought that brain macrophage senescence is detrimental, manifested by specialized forms of persistent cell cycle arrest and chronic low-grade inflammation. Persistent senescence of macrophages may result in immune dysfunction, potentially contributing to glioma initiation and development. Given the crucial roles played by brain macrophages in glioma, we unravel how brain macrophages undergo reprogramming and their contribution to glioma. We outline general molecular alterations and specific biomarkers in senescent brain macrophages, as well as functional changes (such as metabolism, autophagy, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and infiltration and recruitment). In addition, recent advances in genetic regulation and mechanisms linked to senescent brain macrophages are discussed. In particular, this review emphasizes the contribution of senescent brain macrophages to glioma, which may drive translational efforts to utilize brain macrophages as a prognostic marker or/and treatment target in glioma. An in-depth comprehending of how brain macrophage senescence functionally influences the tumor microenvironment will be key to our development of innovative therapeutics for glioma.
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The commercialization of rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs) relies on the material innovation to accelerate the sluggish oxygen electrocatalysis kinetics. Due to the differentiated mechanisms of reverse processes, i.e., oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), rationally integrating dual sites for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis is prerequisite yet remains challenging. Herein, multicomponent synergistic active sites within highly graphitic carbon substrate are exquisitely constructed, which is accomplished by fluorine (F) modulation strategy. The incorporation of F dopants facilitates pyridinic N formation for anchoring single metal sites, thus guaranteeing the coexistence of sufficient M-Nx sites and metal nanoparticles toward bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis. As a result, the optimal catalyst, denoted as F NH2-FeNi-800, outperforms commercial Pt/C+RuO2 with smaller gap between Ej = 10 and E1/2 (ΔE) of 0.63 V (vs 0.7 V for Pt/C+RuO2), demonstrating its superior bifunctionality. Beyond that, its superiority is validated in homemade rechargeable ZABs. ZABs assembled using F NH2-FeNi-800 as the air cathode delivers higher peak power density (123.8 mW cm-2) and long-cycle lifetime (over 660 cycles) in comparison with Pt/C@RuO2 (68.8 mW cm-2; 300 cycles). The finding not only affords a highly promising oxygen electrocatalyst, but also opens an avenue to constructing multifunctional active sites for heterogeneous catalysts.
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Alleviating the degradation issue of Pt based alloy catalysts, thereby simultaneously achieving high mass activity and high durability in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), is highly challenging. Herein, we provide a new paradigm to address this issue via delaying the place exchange between adsorbed oxygen species and surface Pt atoms, thereby inhibiting Pt dissolution, through introducing rare earth bonded subsurface oxygen atoms. We have succeeded in introducing Gd-O dipoles into Pt3 Ni via a high temperature entropy-driven process, with direct spectral evidence attained from both soft and hard X-ray absorption spectroscopies. The higher rated power of 0.93â W cm-2 and superior current density of 562.2â mA cm-2 at 0.8â V than DOE target for heavy-duty vehicles in H2 -air mode suggest the great potential of Gd-O-Pt3 Ni towards practical application in heavy-duty transportation. Moreover, the mass activity retention (1.04â A mgPt -1 ) after 40â k cycles accelerated durability tests is even 2.4â times of the initial mass activity goal for DOE 2025 (0.44â A mgPt -1 ), due to the weakened Pt-Oads bond interaction and the delayed place exchange process, via repulsive forces between surface O atoms and those in the sublayer. This work addresses the critical roadblocks to the widespread adoption of PEMFCs.
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Electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process is emerging as a promising alternative method to the conventional anthraquinone process. To realize high-efficiency H2 O2 electrosynthesis, robust and low cost electrocatalysts have been intensively pursued, among which Co-based catalysts attract particular research interests due to the earth-abundance and high selectivity. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the advancement of Co-based electrocatalyst for H2 O2 electroproduction. The fundamental chemistry of 2-electron ORR is discussed firstly for guiding the rational design of electrocatalysts. Subsequently, the development of Co-based electrocatalysts involving nanoparticles, compounds and single atom catalysts is summarized with the focus on active site identification, structure regulation and mechanism understanding. Moreover, the current challenges and future directions of the Co-based electrocatalysts are briefly summarized in this review.
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OBJECTIVES: To develop a fusion model based on clinicopathological factors and MRI radiomics features for the prediction of recurrence risk in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS: A total of 421 patients with histopathologically proved EC (101 recurrence vs. 320 non-recurrence EC) from four medical centers were included in this retrospective study, and were divided into the training (n = 235), internal validation (n = 102), and external validation (n = 84) cohorts. In total, 1702 radiomics features were respectively extracted from areas with different extensions for each patient. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier was applied to establish the clinicopathological model (CM), radiomics model (RM), and fusion model (FM). The performance of the established models was assessed by the discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to further determine the prognostic value of the models by evaluating the differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the high- and low-risk patients of recurrence. RESULTS: The FMs showed better performance compared with the models based on clinicopathological or radiomics features alone but with a reduced tendency when the peritumoral area (PA) was extended. The FM based on intratumoral area (IA) [FM (IA)] had the optimal performance in predicting the recurrence risk in terms of the ROC, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high-risk patients of recurrence defined by FM (IA) had a worse RFS than low-risk ones of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The FM integrating intratumoral radiomics features and clinicopathological factors could be a valuable predictor for the recurrence risk of EC patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: An accurate prediction based on our developed FM (IA) for the recurrence risk of EC could facilitate making an individualized therapeutic decision and help avoid under- or over-treatment, therefore improving the prognosis of patients. KEY POINTS: ⢠The fusion model combined clinicopathological factors and radiomics features exhibits the highest performance compared with the clinicopathological model and radiomics model. ⢠Although higher values of area under the curve were observed for all fusion models, the performance tended to decrease with the extension of the peritumoral region. ⢠Identifying patients with different risks of recurrence, the developed models can be used to facilitate individualized management.
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Neoplasias do Endométrio , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prognóstico , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Developing highly active, selective, and stable electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is crucial to establish a CO2 conversion system for industrial implementation and, therefore, to realize an artificially closed carbon loop. This can only be achieved through the rational material design based upon the knowledge of the operational active site at the molecular scale. Enlightened by theoretical screening, herein, we for the first time manipulate a novel Ni-Cu atomic pair configuration toward improved CO2RR performance. Systematic characterizations and theoretical modeling reveal that the secondary Cu metal incorporation positively shifts the Ni 3d orbital energy to the Fermi level and thus accelerates the rate-determining step, *COOH formation. In addition, the intrinsic inactivity of Cu toward the competing hydrogen evolution reaction causes a considerable reaction barrier for water dissociation on the Ni-Cu moiety. Due to these attributes, the as-developed Ni/Cu-N-C catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, with a record-high turnover frequency of 20,695 h-1 at -0.6 V (vs RHE) and a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 97.7% for CO production. Furthermore, the dynamic structure evolution monitored by operando X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy unveils the interaction between the Ni center and CO2 molecules and the synergistic effect of the Ni-Cu atomic pair on CO2RR activity.
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BACKGROUND: Differentiating adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) precisely is crucial for treatment strategy and prognosis prediction in patients with cervical cancer (CC). PURPOSE: To differentiate ASC and AC from SCC in patients with CC using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 118 patients with histologically diagnosed ASC, AC, and SCC were included. The ADC histogram parameters were extracted from ADC maps. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each ADC histogram parameter in differentiating the subtypes of CC. The predictors for histologic subtypes were further selected using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The ADCmean, ADCmax, ADCP10, ADCP25, ADCP75, ADCP90, ADCmedian, and ADCmode of the ASC were significantly lower than those of the AC; and ADCkurtosis and ADCskewness of the ASC were lower than those of the SCC. The ADCmean, ADCmax, ADCP10, ADCP25, ADCP75, ADCP90, ADCmedian, and ADCmode of AC were significantly higher than those of the SCC. The ADCP10 and ADCP10 + diameter yielded the AUCs of 0.753 and 0.778 in differentiating ASC from AC. The ADCmedian and ADCmedian + diameter yielded the AUCs of 0.807 and 0.838 in differentiating AC from SCC. The ADCskewness yielded the AUC of 0.713 in differentiating ASC from SCC. CONCLUSION: The ADCP10 and ADCP10 + diameter, ADCmedian, and ADCmedian + diameter performed well in differentiating ASC from AC and AC from SCC, respectively. However, ADCskewness exhibited a limited ability in differentiating ASC from SCC.
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Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a critical risk factor affecting treatment strategy and prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. PURPOSE: To establish a multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-based radiomics nomogram for preoperatively predicting LNM status. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION: Among 233 consecutive patients, 155 patients were randomly allocated to the primary cohort and 78 patients to the validation cohort. FIELD STRENGTH: Radiomic features were extracted from a 1.5T mpMRI scan (T1 -weighted imaging [T1 WI], fat-saturated T2 -weighted imaging [FS-T2 WI], contrast-enhanced [CE], diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI], and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] maps). ASSESSMENT: The performance of the nomogram was assessed with respect to its calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were also calculated. STATISTICAL TESTS: The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used for dimension reduction, feature selection, and radiomics signature building. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the radiomics nomogram. An independent sample t-test and chi-squared test were used to compare the differences in continuous and categorical variables, respectively. RESULTS: The radiomic signature allowed a good discrimination between the LNM and non-LNM groups, with a C-index of 0.856 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.794-0.918) in the primary cohort and 0.883 (95% CI, 0.809-0.957) in the validation cohort. Additionally, the radiomics nomogram also had a good discriminating performance and yielded good calibration both in the primary and validation cohorts (C-index, 0.882 [95% CI, 0.827-0.937], C-index, 0.893 [95% CI, 0.822-0.964], respectively). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the radiomics nomogram was clinically useful. DATA CONCLUSION: A radiomics nomogram was developed by incorporating the radiomics signature with the MRI-reported LN status and FIGO stage. This nomogram might be used to facilitate the individualized prediction of LNM in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:885-896.
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Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética Multiparamétrica , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Feminino , Humanos , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Nomogramas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the diagnostic performance of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing the distance between the tumor and the internal os, stromal infiltration, lymph node metastasis, and parametrial invasion in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: A systematic English-language literature search of conventional MRI in the evaluation of human cervical cancer was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases from 1995 to 2018. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR) of all studies were calculated. The results were then plotted in a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) plot, and meta-regression and subgroup analyses of the parametrial invasion were also performed. RESULTS: The pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, PLR, and NLR were 86%, 97%, 167.91, 24.74, and 0.15, respectively, in evaluating the internal os involvement (6 studies, 454 patients); 87%, 91%, 73.41, 10.22, and 0.14, respectively, in evaluating the stromal infiltration (11 studies, 672 patients); 51%, 89%, 8.63, 4.72, and 0.55, respectively, in evaluating the lymph node metastasis (15 studies, 997 patients); and 75%, 92%, 34.01, 9.38, and 0.28, respectively, in evaluating the parametrial invasion (19 studies, 1748 patients). The meta-regression of the parametrial invasion showed that the application of contrast enhancement was a significant factor affected the heterogeneity (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Conventional MRI can accurately evaluate the distance between the tumor and the internal os, as well as stromal infiltration, and performs well in diagnosing the parametrial invasion. However, this method exhibited a limited ability in diagnosing the lymph node metastasis. KEY POINTS: ⢠MRI can help clinicians to accurately assess the distance between the tumor and the internal os, stromal infiltration, and parametrial invasion in patients with uterine cervical neoplasms. ⢠MRI exhibits a limited ability in diagnosing the lymph node metastasis. ⢠Management of patients with uterine cervical neoplasms becomes more appropriate.
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Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Peritônio/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Linfonodos/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Razão de Chances , Seleção de Pacientes , Peritônio/patologia , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Traquelectomia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgiaRESUMO
Great enthusiasm in single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been aroused by the discovery of M-NX as a promising ORR catalysis center. However, the performance of SACs lags far behind that of state-of-the-art Pt due to the unsatisfactory adsorption-desorption behaviors of the reported catalytic centers. To address this issue, rational manipulation of the active site configuration toward a well-managed energy level and geometric structure is urgently desired, yet still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a novel strategy to accomplish this task through the construction of an Fe-Co dual-atom centered site. A spontaneously absorbed electron-withdrawing OH ligand was proposed to act proactively as an energy level modifier to empower easy intermediate desorption, while the triangular Fe-Co-OH coordination facilitates O-O bond scission. Benefiting from these attributes, the as-constructed FeCoN5-OH site enables an ORR onset potential and half-wave potential of up to 1.02 and 0.86 V (vs RHE), respectively, with an intrinsic activity over 20 times higher than the single-atom FeN4 site. Our finding not only opens up a novel strategy to tailor the electronic structure of an atomic site toward boosted activity but also provides new insights into the fundamental understanding of diatomic sites for ORR electrocatalysis.
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Emerging as a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis, single-atom site catalysts (SSCs) have sparked enormous attention and bring about new opportunities to oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Despite considerable progress achieved recently, most of the reported SSCs suffer from either insufficient activity or unsatisfactory stability, which severely retards their practical application. Here, we demonstrate a novel Ru-SSC with appropriate adsorption free energy of OH* (ΔGOH*) to confer excellent activity and low Fenton reactivity to maintain long-term stability. The as-developed Ru-SSC exhibits encouraging oxygen reduction reaction turnover frequency of 4.99 e- s-1 sites-1, far exceeding the state-of-the-art Fe-SSC counterpart (0.816 e- s-1 sites-1), as a result of Ru energy level regulation via spontaneous OH binding. Furthermore, Ru-SSC exhibits greatly suppressed Fenton reactivity, with restrained generation of reactive oxygen species directly observed, thus endowing the Ru-SSC with much more superior stability (only 17 mV negative shift after 20â¯000 cycles) than the Fe-SSC counterpart (31 mV). The practical application of Ru-SSC is further validated by its excellent activity and stability in a real fuel cell device.
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Flexible Zn-air batteries have recently emerged as one of the key energy storage systems of wearable/portable electronic devices, drawing enormous attention due to the high theoretical energy density, flat working voltage, low cost, and excellent safety. However, the majority of the previously reported flexible Zn-air batteries encounter problems such as sluggish oxygen reaction kinetics, inferior long-term durability, and poor flexibility induced by the rigid nature of the air cathode, all of which severely hinder their practical applications. Herein, a defect-enriched nitrogen doped-graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) engineered 3D NiCo2 S4 nanoarray is developed by a facile chemical sulfuration and subsequent electrophoretic deposition process. The as-fabricated N-GQDs/NiCo2 S4 nanoarray grown on carbon cloth as a flexible air cathode exhibits superior electrocatalytic activities toward both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), outstanding cycle stability (200 h at 20 mA cm-2 ), and excellent mechanical flexibility (without observable decay under various bending angles). These impressive enhancements in electrocatalytic performance are mainly attributed to bifunctional active sites within the N-GQDs/NiCo2 S4 catalyst and synergistic coupling effects between N-GQDs and NiCo2 S4 . Density functional theory analysis further reveals that stronger OOH* dissociation adsorption at the interface between N-GQDs and NiCo2 S4 lowers the overpotential of both ORR and OER.
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Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the trachea is very rare and is easily misdiagnosed as a bronchogenic carcinoma or benign tracheal tumor. Here, we report a clinical case where a new clinical approach involving a water-jet hybrid knife was employed in the diagnosis and treatment of primary tracheal MALT lymphoma.
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Dissecação/instrumentação , Eletrocirurgia/instrumentação , Linfoma de Células B/cirurgia , Mucosa Respiratória/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Traqueia/cirurgia , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Cirurgia Endoscópica por Orifício Natural/instrumentação , ÁguaRESUMO
Combining the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, single-atom catalysts (SACs) are bringing new opportunities to revolutionize ORR catalysis in terms of cost, activity and durability. However, the lack of high-performance SACs as well as the fundamental understanding of their unique catalytic mechanisms call for serious advances in this field. Herein, for the first time, we develop an Ir-N-C single-atom catalyst (Ir-SAC) which mimics homogeneous iridium porphyrins for high-efficiency ORR catalysis. In accordance with theoretical predictions, the as-developed Ir-SAC exhibits orders of magnitude higher ORR activity than iridium nanoparticles with a record-high turnover frequency (TOF) of 24.3â e- site-1 s-1 at 0.85â V vs. RHE) and an impressive mass activity of 12.2â A mg-1 Ir , which far outperforms the previously reported SACs and commercial Pt/C. Atomic structural characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that the high activity of Ir-SAC is attributed to the moderate adsorption energy of reaction intermediates on the mononuclear iridium ion coordinated with four nitrogen atom sites.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG7 in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, and to explore its impact on bladder cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion processes. METHODS: Bladder cancer tissues and near-cancer tissues were collected. The expression of lncRNA-SNHG7 in tissues and cell lines was detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The expression of lncRNA-SNHG7 was downregulated by RNA interference (siRNA) as detected by RT-PCR that was used to detect the interference efficiency. CCK-8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of lncRNASNHG7 on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion capability of bladder cancer cells. The downregulation effect of lncRNA-SNHG7 on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) related markers was tested by westernblot. RESULTS: lncRNA-SNHG7 was upregulated in bladder cancer cell lines. After the expression of lncRNA-SNHG7 was downregulated, the proliferation of bladder cancer cells was decreased, the apoptosis was increased, and the invasion ability of cells was decreased. The expression of E-cadherin was increased, but the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and snail were decreased. Increased expression of lncRNASNHG7 in cancer tissues was significantly related to tumor size, metastasis and stage. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that lncRNA -SNHG7 is overexpressed in bladder cancer tissues and cells. Downregulation of lncRNA-SNHG7 can inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and promote apoptosis, as well as inhibit cell invasion, which provides a potential molecular target for future tumor targeted therapy.
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Apoptose/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Caderinas/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Regulação para Baixo/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Interferência de RNA/fisiologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Regulação para Cima/genética , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Muscular strength has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the community population. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the association between weak handgrip strength (HGS) and mortality risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: To carry out the meta-analysis, an extensive search was conducted on databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI to identify observational studies with longitudinal follow-up. Random-effects models were used to combine the findings, taking into account the potential influence of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Eight observational studies involving 10 543 patients with CAD were included. During a mean follow-up duration of 20.4 months, 1327 (12.6%) patients died. Pooled results showed that weak HGS at baseline was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality during follow-up (risk ratio [RR]: 1.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.50 to 2.55, p < 0.001; I2 = 62%). Subgroup analysis suggested a stronger association between weak HGS and increased mortality in older patients with CAD as compared to that of overall adult patients with CAD (RR: 3.01 vs. 1.60, p for subgroup difference = 0.004). Subgroup analyses according to study location, design, subtype of CAD, follow-up duration, analytical model, and study quality scores showed similar results (p for subgroup difference all > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Weak HGS at baseline is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with CAD, particularly in older patients with CAD.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Força da Mão , Humanos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco/métodos , Prognóstico , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Phase transitions play an important role in tuning the physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials as well as developing their high-performance device applications. Here, we reported the observation of a phase transition in few-layered MoTe2 flakes by the irradiation of gallium (Ga+) ions using a focused ion beam (FIB) system. The semiconducting 2H phase of MoTe2 can be controllably converted to the metallic 1T'-like phase via Te defect engineering during irradiations. By taking advantage of the nanometer-sized Ga+ ion probe proved by FIB, in-plane 1T'-2H homojunctions of MoTe2 at submicrometer scale can be fabricated. Furthermore, we demonstrate the improvement of device performance (on-state current over 2 orders of magnitude higher) in MoTe2 transistors using the patterned 1T'-like phase regions as contact electrodes. Our study provides a new strategy to drive the phase transitions in MoTe2, tune their properties, and develop high-performance devices, which also extends the applications of FIB technology in 2D materials and their devices.
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OBJECTIVE: To developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics nomogram to identify adenocarcinoma at the cervix-corpus junction originating from the endometrium or cervix in order to better guide clinical treatment. METHODS: Between February 2011 and September 2021, the clinicopathological data and MRI in 143 patients with histopathologically confirmed cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC, n = 86) and endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC, n = 57) were retrospectively analyzed at the cervix-corpus junction. Radiomics features were extracted from fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and delayed phase contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) sequences. A radiomics nomogram was developed integrating radscore with independent clinical risk factors. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the radscore, nomogram and two different experienced radiologists in differentiating CAC from EAC at the cervix-corpus junction, and Delong test was applied to compare the differences of their diagnostic performance. RESULTS: In the training cohort, the AUC was 0.93 for radscore; 0.97 for radiomics nomograms; 0.85 and 0.86 for radiologists 1 and 2, respectively. Delong test showed that the differential efficacy of nomogram was significant better than those of radiologists in the training cohort (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram based on radscore and clinical risk factors could better differentiate CAC from EAC at the cervix-corpus junction than radiologists, and preoperatively and non-invasively identify the origin of adenocarcinoma at the cervix-corpus junction, which facilitates clinicians to make individualized treatment decision.
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Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma Endometrioide , Neoplasias do Endométrio , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética Multiparamétrica , Nomogramas , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma Endometrioide/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Adulto , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética Multiparamétrica/métodos , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Colo do Útero/patologia , Meios de Contraste , RadiômicaRESUMO
The limited durability of metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts severely restricts their applicability for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this study, we employ the chemical vapor modification method to alter the configuration of active sites from FeN4 to the stable monosymmetric FeN2+N'2, along with enhancing the degree of graphitization in the carbon substrate. This improvement effectively addresses the challenges associated with Fe active center leaching caused by N-group protonation and free radicals attack due to the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction. The electrocatalyst with neoteric active site exhibited excellent durability. During accelerated aging test, the electrocatalyst exhibited negligible decline in its half-wave potential even after undergoing 200,000 potential cycles. Furthermore, when subjected to operational conditions representative of fuel cell systems, the electrocatalyst displayed remarkable durability, sustaining stable performance for a duration exceeding 248 h. The significant improvement in durability provides highly valuable insights for the practical application of metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts.
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Fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition play an important role in the tracheal abnormal repair process and fibrosis. As a transcription factor, SOX9 is involved in fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. However, the mechanism of how SOX9 regulates fibrosis after tracheal injury remains unclear. We investigated the role of SOX9 in TGF-ß1-induced fibroblast activation and ECM deposition in rat tracheal fibroblast (RTF) cells. SOX9 overexpression adenovirus (Ad-SOX9) and siRNA were transfected into RTF cells. We found that SOX9 expression was up-regulated in RTF cells treated with TGF-ß1. SOX9 overexpression activated fibroblasts and promoted ECM deposition. Silencing SOX9 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition, induced G2 arrest, and increased apoptosis in RTF cells. RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays identified MMP10, a matrix metalloproteinase involved in ECM deposition, as a direct target of SOX9, which promotes ECM degradation by increasing MMP10 expression through the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo, SOX9 knockdown ameliorated granulation proliferation and tracheal fibrosis, as manifested by reduced tracheal stenosis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that SOX9 can drive fibroblast activation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis resistance in tracheal fibrosis via the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. The SOX9-MMP10-ECM biosynthesis axis plays an important role in tracheal injury and repair. Targeting SOX9 and its downstream target MMP10 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for tracheal fibrosis.