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1.
J Sleep Res ; 31(5): e13590, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35362217

RESUMO

The impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on sleep health have been studied extensively. However, little is known about sleep problems within the family system during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on insomnia in both adults and children, and to explore whether parental COVID-19 related worries, lifestyles, and insomnia were associated with child insomnia. A total of 1355 parent-child dyads (39.2% fathers, mean age 38.37 years, SD = 5.34; 52.7% boys, mean age 12.47 years, SD = 1.67) were recruited from Jiangxi province in China from 4 to 18 February 2020. Data on insomnia, COVID-19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time were collected using online questionnaires. Path analysis showed that COVID-19 related worries and screen time were positively associated with insomnia in both parents and children; while children's physical activity was negatively related to children's insomnia. Parents' insomnia, COVID-19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time were positively associated with children's insomnia, COVID-19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time, respectively. Bootstrap tests showed that parents' worries were positively associated with children's insomnia via parents' insomnia and children's worries; parents' physical activity was negatively associated with children's insomnia via children's physical activity, parents' screen time was positively associated with children's insomnia via parents' insomnia and children's screen time. Both parental and child sleep are affected by the pandemic. Parental insomnia, stress reaction, and lifestyles contribute to child insomnia. Child sleep health may be maintained or improved by family bonds, home exercise, and sleep schedules.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pandemias , Pais , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia
2.
Hum Brain Mapp ; 41(1): 172-184, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31571320

RESUMO

Machine learning has increasingly been applied to classification of schizophrenia in neuroimaging research. However, direct replication studies and studies seeking to investigate generalizability are scarce. To address these issues, we assessed within-site and between-site generalizability of a machine learning classification framework which achieved excellent performance in a previous study using two independent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets collected from different sites and scanners. We established within-site generalizability of the classification framework in the main data set using cross-validation. Then, we trained a model in the main data set and investigated between-site generalization in the validated data set using external validation. Finally, recognizing the poor between-site generalization performance, we updated the unsupervised algorithm to investigate if transfer learning using additional unlabeled data were able to improve between-site classification performance. Cross-validation showed that the published classification procedure achieved an accuracy of 0.73 using majority voting across all selected components. External validation found a classification accuracy of 0.55 (not significant) and 0.70 (significant) using the direct and transfer learning procedures, respectively. The failure of direct generalization from one site to another demonstrates the limitation of within-site cross-validation and points toward the need to incorporate efforts to facilitate application of machine learning across multiple data sets. The improvement in performance with transfer learning highlights the importance of taking into account the properties of data when constructing predictive models across samples and sites. Our findings suggest that machine learning classification result based on a single study should be interpreted cautiously.


Assuntos
Conectoma/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Aprendizado de Máquina não Supervisionado , Adulto , Conectoma/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Aprendizado de Máquina não Supervisionado/normas
3.
Conscious Cogn ; 69: 95-102, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30738252

RESUMO

Preschoolers can focus on the events that they are interested in and shield other information that may still be obvious and important, and this phenomenon is termed as inattentional blindness (IB). The present study investigated the developmental differences in IB and explored its relationship with fluid intelligence in 3-to-5-year-old preschoolers. With the involvement of one hundred and thirty-five preschoolers, it was found that the IB rates decreased with age during 3-to-5-year-olds. Fluid intelligence could significantly predict the incidence of IB in 4-year-olds, which means that those with higher fluid intelligence scores experience less IB. It implied that the ability to detect unintentional stimuli increased from 3-to-5-year-olds, whereas age was an impact factor to the relationship between fluid intelligence and IB.


Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Inteligência/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
4.
J Exp Child Psychol ; 184: 158-173, 2019 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31029833

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preschoolers' cognitive abilities and their fairness-related allocation behaviors in a dilemma of equity-efficiency conflict. In Experiment 1, 4- to 6-year-olds (N = 99) decided how to allocate five reward bells. In the first-party condition, preschoolers were asked to choose among giving more to self (self-advantageous inequity), wasting one bell (equity), or giving more to other (self-disadvantageous inequity); in the third-party condition, they chose either to allocate the extra bell to one of two equally deserving recipients or to waste it. Results showed that, compared with the pattern of decision in the third-party condition, preschoolers in the first-party condition were more likely to give the extra bell to other (self-disadvantaging behaviors) and that age, inhibitory control (IC), and theory of mind were positively correlated with their self-disadvantaging choices, but only IC mediated the relationship between age and self-disadvantaging behaviors. Experiment 2 (N = 41) showed that IC still predicted preschoolers' self-disadvantaging behaviors when they could choose only between equity and disadvantageous inequity. These results suggested that IC played a critical role in the implementation of self-disadvantaging behaviors when this required the control over selfishness and envy.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Inibição Psicológica , Alocação de Recursos , Comportamento Social , Teoria da Mente/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Tomada de Decisões/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Recompensa
5.
Psychol Med ; 48(9): 1474-1483, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29017618

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The neuropsychological origins of negative syndrome of schizophrenia remain elusive. Evidence from behavioural studies, which utilised emotion-inducing pictures to elicit motivated behaviour generally reported that that schizophrenia patients experienced similar affective experience as healthy individuals but failed to translate emotional salience to motivated behaviour, a phenomenon called emotion-behaviour decoupling. However, a few studies have examined emotion-behaviour decoupling in non-psychotic high-risk populations, who are relatively unaffected by medication effects. METHODS: In this study, we examined the nature and extent of emotion-behaviour decoupling in in three independent samples (65 schizophrenia patients v. 63 controls; 40 unaffected relatives v. 45 controls; and 32 individuals with social anhedonia v. 32 controls). We administered an experimental task to examine their affective experience and its coupling with behaviour, using emotion-inducing slides, and allowed participants to alter stimulus exposure using button-pressing to seek pleasure or avoid aversion. RESULTS: Schizophrenia patients reported similar affective experiences as their controls, while their unaffected relatives and individuals with high levels of social anhedonia exhibited attenuated affective experiences, in particular in the arousal aspect. Compared with their respective control groups, all of the three groups showed emotion-behaviour decoupling. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support that both genetically and behaviourally high-risk groups exhibit emotion-behaviour decoupling. The familial association apparently supports its role as a putative trait marker for schizophrenia.


Assuntos
Anedonia , Emoções , Motivação , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Pequim , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prazer , Autorrelato
6.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 42(16): 3191-3197, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29171240

RESUMO

To explore the effect of leech on proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) in early atherosclerosis rats via p38MAPK signaling pathway and investigate its possible mechanism. Biochemical analyzer was used to examine the regulation of leech on levels of triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) in blood lipid of rats. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-ß1) in serum was detected by ELISA. Immunological histological chemistry (IHC) was taken to measure the expression levels of proliferating cell nucleus antigen(PCNA) and cell apoptosis proteinase-3(Caspase-3), while the protein expression levels of MKK3, p38 and C-myc were detected by Western blot. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the morphological change of thoracic aortas. The results showed that leech decreased the levels of TC, LDL-C obviously and increased HDL-C, suppressed the expression levels of TGF-ß1 and PCNA, up-regulated Caspase-3, down-regulated the expression levels of MKK3, p38, and C-myc protein. HE staining indicated that it could inhibit intimal thickening and reduce plaque formation. The above results indicated that leech may affect the protein expression of the p38MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit proliferation and promote the apoptosis of VSMCs via reducing blood lipid levels and suppressing TGF-ß1, aiming at inhibiting intimal thickening and reducing plaque formation, tand then slowing down the process of early atherosclerosis.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose/terapia , Sanguessugas , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Músculo Liso Vascular/citologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose , Caspase 3/sangue , Proliferação de Células , Lipídeos/sangue , MAP Quinase Quinase 3/metabolismo , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/sangue , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Ratos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/sangue , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo
7.
Front Psychol ; 14: 1142373, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36998357

RESUMO

Peer conflicts commonly happen in children's daily interaction, and strategies they employed to deal with the conflicts have an impact on peer conflict resolution. It has been illustrated that children's understanding of emotion plays an important role in social communication. However, there is little research focusing on the relation between emotional comprehension and peer conflict resolution strategies. In this study, 90 children of 3 to 6 finished the Test of Emotional Comprehension, and their preschool teachers were required to complete the Conflict Resolution Strategy Questionnaire, which scored each child's conflict resolution strategies. The results showed that: (a) the preference of conflict resolution strategies differed in age, and girls tended to adopt positive strategies; (b) children's emotional comprehension grew with age; and (c) children's conflict resolution strategies and emotional comprehension were closely related. Children's emotional comprehension can positively predict the overall conflict resolution strategies and negatively predicted negative strategies, whereas mental emotional comprehension can positively predict positive strategies. The factors affecting children's emotional comprehension and conflict resolution strategies, and their relationship were discussed in depth.

8.
J Thorac Dis ; 15(4): 1978-1993, 2023 Apr 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37197540

RESUMO

Background: An increasing amount of evidence has confirmed that the altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is critical to the mechanism underlying primary and even acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, studies on the linkage between the altered miRNAs expression and osimertinib resistance are few, and the effect of miRNAs in this context is still unclear. In the light of this, we hypothesized that the differential expression of multiple miRNAs is the driver in the osimertinib resistance process. Thus, the aim of our study was to find differentially expressed miRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer cells resistant to osimertinib. Methods: An AZD9291(Osimertinib)-resistant cell line model was constructed, and the differential miRNAs between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-sensitive cell lines A549 and H1975 and the corresponding drug-resistant cell lines were identified via biosynthesis analysis. Results: In the A549 osimertinib-resistant cell line, 93 miRNAs were upregulated and 94 miRNAs were downregulated. In the H1975 osimertinib-resistant cell line, 124 miRNAs were upregulated and 53 miRNAs were downregulated. Finally, 7 significantly different miRNAs were screened using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Conclusions: This study on the mechanism of target therapy in lung cancer systematically and comprehensively examined the miRNAs involved in osimertinib resistance. It was found that miR-708-5p, miR-708-3p, miR-10395-3p, miR-7704 miR-34a-5p, miR-19b-1-5p, and miR-219a-5p may play key roles in osimertinib resistance.

9.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 13: 1258550, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38188632

RESUMO

Introduction: Herd immunity against norovirus (NoV) is poorly understood in terms of its serological properties and vaccine designs. The precise neutralizing serological features of genotype I (GI) NoV have not been studied. Methods: To expand insights on vaccine design and herd immunity of NoVs, seroprevalence and seroincidence of NoV genotypes GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 were determined using blockade antibodies based on a 5-year longitudinal serosurveillance among 449 residents in Jidong community. Results: Correlation between human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and GI NoV, and dynamic and persistency of antibodies were also analyzed. Seroprevalence of GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 NoV were 15.1%-18.0%, 35.0%-38.8%, and 17.6%-22.0%; seroincidences were 10.0, 21.0, and 11.0 per 100.0 person-year from 2014 to 2018, respectively. Blockade antibodies positive to GI.2 and GI.3 NoV were significantly associated with HBGA phenotypes, including blood types A, B (excluding GI.3), and O+; Lewis phenotypes Leb+/Ley+ and Lea+b+/Lex+y+; and secretors. The overall decay rate of anti-GI.2 antibody was -5.9%/year (95% CI: -7.1% to -4.8%/year), which was significantly faster than that of GI.3 [-3.6%/year (95% CI: -4.6% to -2.6%/year)] and GI.9 strains [-4.0%/year (95% CI: -4.7% to -3.3%/year)]. The duration of anti-GI.2, GI.3, and GI.9 NoV antibodies estimated by generalized linear model (GLM) was approximately 2.3, 4.2, and 4.8 years, respectively. Discussion: In conclusion, enhanced community surveillance of GI NoV is needed, and even one-shot vaccine may provide coast-efficient health benefits against GI NoV infection.


Assuntos
Norovirus , Vacinas , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Genótipo , Anticorpos , Norovirus/genética
10.
Child Abuse Negl ; 129: 105674, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35609405

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although individuals' psychological responses to trauma are varied, significant associations between parental and offspring's reactions have been documented among trauma-exposed families. Common susceptible factors originated from intergenerational transmission may be underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the intergenerational transmission of depression and anxiety during early outbreak of COVID-19 and further examined whether the transmission of child neglect and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) was associated with the transmission of psychological distresses. METHODS: Self-reported questionnaires of depression, anxiety, COVID-19 related worries, difficulties in ER, physical and emotional neglect suffered in childhood were completed by 2011 Chinese parent - offspring dyads. Path analysis was used to examine hypothesized relationships. RESULTS: The proportions of physical neglect and emotional neglect were 31.2% and 16.9% respectively among parents, while 28.6% and 20.8% respectively among offspring. There were remarkably similar in response patterns between parents and offspring. Parents' COVID-19 related worries, depression and anxiety levels were significantly associated with offspring's COVID-19 related worries, depression and anxiety. Difficulties in ER not only impacted psychological distresses directly, but also mediated the relationships between childhood neglect and psychological distresses among both parents and offspring. Difficulties in ER and childhood neglect, as important risk factors, were modestly transmitted from parent to offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Family members shared a certain degree of similarity in psychological reactions to trauma. Transmitted susceptible factors from parents to offspring may contribute to this similarity. Family therapy may be suitable for family members exposed to the same traumatic events.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Filho de Pais com Deficiência , Regulação Emocional , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Criança , Filho de Pais com Deficiência/psicologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Pais/psicologia
11.
Front Psychol ; 13: 1054249, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36619026

RESUMO

Well-defined key competencies for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) help develop curriculum and pedagogies that emphasize what students with ASD are expected to learn, to know and to do. Most of the current research on the key competencies of ASD is theoretical and based on the social and cultural backgrounds of western countries. The key competencies defined by most of the research lack of the support of empirical evidence. This study sought to identify the key competencies of school-age students with ASD from the perspectives of teachers and parents. Based on the review of existing key competencies frameworks, a key competencies instrument that consisted of 76 learning outcome items in eight domain areas was developed. An online survey to explore the teachers' and parents' views of the key competencies was conducted with 1,618 teachers and 2,430 parents of students with ASD across China. The results showed that teachers believed that the key competencies should consist of eight domain areas including social-communication, learning skills, healthy living, play, motor, emotion, sensory processing, and cognition, while the cognition related competencies were not recognized by parents. The competencies in social-communication, learning skills, healthy living had higher variance contribution. From the perspective of teachers, the variance contribution of social communication was the highest, while from the perspective of parents, the variance contribution of learning skills was the largest. Taken together, the key competencies framework for students with ASD should include eight dimensions and 75 learning outcome items. The similarities and differences between the perspectives of the two group were discussed. The findings could provide empirical data to assist in developing educational guidelines and guide the development of models of support for students with ASD.

12.
J Affect Disord ; 303: 74-81, 2022 04 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35139417

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak had rapidly become a global health threat, and its impact on the mental health was transmitted among different populations, especially from parents to children. The study aimed to investigate Chinese parents' influence on their children, in terms of mental health and lifestyles (screen time and physical exercise), during the COVID-19. METHODS: Self-reported online questionnaires of depression, anxiety, COVID-19 related worries, physical exercise, and screen time were completed by 3471 Chinese children and one of their parents (1514 fathers and 1957 mothers), during the COVID-19 epidemic in February 2020. Path analysis was used to examine the extent of transmission of psychological distress and whether lifestyles tied to transmission. RESULTS: During the quarantine, Chinese parents' depression and anxiety both positively predicted their children's depression and anxiety; parents' COVID-19 related worries, physical exercise and screen time separately had positive effects on children's COVID-19 related worries, physical exercise and screen time; parents' depression and anxiety were positively influenced by their COVID-19 related worries, self-quarantine and quarantine of family members, relatives or friends; children's depression and anxiety positively predicted their non-suicidal self-injury and suicide ideation. Bootstrap analyses showed that parents' COVID-19 related worries and lifestyles increased children's depression and anxiety via children's COVID-19 related worries and lifestyles, as well as parents' depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: When families face to public events, parents' psychological distress and lifestyles are related to children's psychological stress and lifestyles. Interventions of parents' psychological distress and lifestyles would improve family resilience.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Angústia Psicológica , Resiliência Psicológica , Criança , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Pais/psicologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia
13.
CNS Neurosci Ther ; 28(12): 2298-2307, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36184804

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The drug 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) was developed and approved in China, where it has been used to treat ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. It is also considered to have a neuroprotective effect. This study aimed to evaluate whether NBP combined with endovascular treatment (EVT) can improve the clinical outcome and safety in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). METHODS: Data from three studies of patients treated with EVT for AIS due to LVO were combined in this study. Patients of LVO undergoing EVT were dichotomized into NBP and non-NBP subgroups. The primary efficacy outcome was the shift of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days. The secondary efficacy outcome included favorable functional outcomes, functional independence, and excellent outcome (defined as an mRS score of 3 or less) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included mortality within 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 h. RESULTS: A total of 1820 patients undergoing EVT were included in this study; 628 (37.5%) patients received NBP treatment, whereas 1138 (62.5%) did not. After adjusting for multiple factors, NBP was associated with the improvement of functional outcomes at 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR]: 1.503; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.254-1.801; p < 0.001). NBP was associated with a higher rate of 90-day favorable outcomes (adjusted OR: 1.589; 95% CI: 1.251-2.020; p < 0.001) and a lower rate of 90-day mortality (adjusted OR: 0.486 [95% CI: 0.372-0.635]; p < 0.001). sICH occurred in 74 of 682 (10.9%) patients in the NBP group and 155 of 1126 (13.8%) patients in the non-NBP group; no statistical difference was detected (adjusted OR: 0.787 [95% CI: 0.567-1.092]; p = 0.152). CONCLUSION: Among patients with AIS due to LVO, NBP combined with EVT is associated with better functional outcomes and reduced mortality risk without increasing the risk of sICH.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hemorragias Intracranianas , Trombectomia
14.
Plants (Basel) ; 11(19)2022 Sep 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36235375

RESUMO

The number of seedlings per hill and the configuration of plant row spacing are important management measures to improve rice yield. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of various seedlings per hill (1, 3, 6, and 9 seedlings hill-1) under four different rice verities (two conventional rice, two hybrid rice) on allometric characteristics, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield in 2020 at early and late season. Results showed that compared with nine seedlings per hill (wide row spacing), the number of effective panicles, yield, grain biomass allocation, grain-to-leaf ratio, grain nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE), N harvest index (NHI) of 1 seedling per hill increased by 21.8%, 10.91%, 10.5%, 32.25%, 17.03%, 9.67%, 6.5%, respectively. With the increase of seedlings per hill and the expansion of row spacing, stem biomass (SB) and reproductive biomass (RB) increased with the increase of above-ground biomass, mainly showing the relationship of isometric growth. Leaf biomass (LB) increased with above-ground biomass, mainly showing the relationship of allometric growth. The results suggested that under the same basic seedlings, transplanting 1 seedling per hill and dense planting was the most beneficial to improve rice yield.

15.
Eur J Psychotraumatol ; 12(1): 1945747, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34290847

RESUMO

Background: Several studies have indicated that positive childhood experiences (PCEs) might have important protective effects on adulthood mental health. However, the instruments to assess PCEs are scarce. Objective: In this study, we assessed the validity and reliability of the Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) scale, a new instrument of PCEs, in a large sample of Chinese adults. Furthermore, we examined associations of PCEs with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, as well as, prosocial behaviours across different levels of trauma. Method: Participants were 6929 adults (33% male; mean age 38.04 years, SD = 7.81, ranging from 18 to 81.) recruited from Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in China. Self-administrated questionnaires were used to measure PCEs, childhood trauma, lifetime trauma, PTSD, depression, and prosocial behaviours. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to examine the interdependent and interactive effects of PCEs, lifetime trauma, childhood trauma on symptoms of PTSD and depression and prosocial behaviours. Results: In the current sample, the Cronbach's α of the BCEs scale was 0.70. PCEs were not related to lifetime trauma, while modestly associated with childhood trauma, demonstrating excellent discriminant validity. PCEs were negatively correlated with severity of PTSD and depression, while positively correlated with prosocial behaviours, indicating good predictive validity. PCEs, lifetime trauma and childhood trauma were independently associated with severity of PTSD and depression and prosocial behaviours. Moreover, the interaction of PCEs and lifetime trauma negatively predicted severity of PTSD and depression, while the interaction of PCEs and childhood trauma negatively predicted prosocial behaviours. PCEs had a protective effect on PTSD and depression in high level of lifetime trauma, and showed a reduced positive effect on prosocial behaviours in high level of childhood trauma. Conclusions: The Chinese BCEs scale is a reliable and valid instrument. PCEs can buffer adversity and foster positive outcomes in adulthood.


Antecedentes: Varios estudios han indicado que las experiencias positivas en la infancia (PCEs) podrían tener efectos protectores importantes sobre la salud mental en la edad adulta. Sin embargo, los instrumentos para evaluar PCEs son escasos.Objetivo: En este estudio, evaluamos la validez y confiabilidad de la escala de Experiencias Benévolas de la Infancia (BCE en sus siglas en inglés), un nuevo instrumento de PCEs, en una muestra grande de adultos chinos. Además, examinamos asociaciones de PCEs con síntomas de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y depresión, así como comportamientos prosociales en diferentes niveles de trauma.Método: Los participantes fueron 6929 adultos (33% hombres; edad media 38,04 años, DE = 7,81, con un rango de 18 a 81) reclutados en las provincias de Jiangxi y Hunan en China. Se utilizaron cuestionarios autoadministrados para medir PCEs, trauma infantil, trauma a lo largo de la vida, TEPT y depresión, y comportamientos prosociales. Se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiples para examinar los efectos interdependientes e interactivos de los PCEs, el trauma a lo largo de la vida, el trauma infantil sobre los síntomas del TEPT y la depresión y las conductas prosociales.Resultados: En esta muestra, el α de Cronbach de la escala BCE fue de 0,70. Los PCEs no se relacionaron con el trauma a lo largo de la vida, aunque se asociaron modestamente con el trauma infantil, demostrando una excelente validez discriminante. Los PCEs se correlacionaron negativamente con la gravedad del TEPT y depresión, mientras que se correlacionaron positivamente con las conductas prosociales, lo que indica una buena validez predictiva. Los PCEs, el trauma a lo largo de la vida y el trauma infantil se asociaron de forma independiente con la gravedad del TEPT y la depresión y las conductas prosociales. Además, la interacción de los PCEs y el trauma de por vida predijo negativamente la gravedad del TEPT y la depresión, mientras que la interacción de los PCE y el trauma infantil predijo negativamente las conductas prosociales. Los PCEs tuvieron un efecto protector para el TEPT y la depresión en un nivel alto de trauma a lo largo de la vida, y mostraron un efecto positivo reducido sobre las conductas prosociales en un nivel alto de trauma infantil.Conclusiones: La escala de BCE de China es un instrumento válido y confiable. Los PCEs pueden amortiguar la adversidad y fomentar resultados positivos en la edad adulta.


Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Mental , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Beneficência , China , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autorrelato
16.
J Exp Psychol Gen ; 150(4): 778-791, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33001686

RESUMO

Culture has an extraordinary influence on human behavior, unparalleled in other species. Some theories propose that humans possess learning mechanisms biologically selected specifically for social learning, which function to promote rapid enculturation. If true, it follows that information acquired via observation of another's activity might be responded to differently, compared with equivalent information acquired through one's own exploration, and that this should be the case in even very young children. To investigate this, we compared children's responses to information acquired either socially or from personal experience. The task we used allowed direct comparison between these alternative information sources, as the information value was equivalent across conditions, which has not been true of previous methods used to tackle similar questions. Across two 18-month- to 5-year-old samples (recruited in the United Kingdom and China), we found that children performed similarly following information acquired from social demonstrations, compared with personal experience. Children's use of the information thus appeared independent of source. Furthermore, children's suboptimal performance showed evidence of a consistent bias driven by motivation for exploration as well as exploitation, which was apparent across both conditions and in both samples. Our results are consistent with the view that apparent peculiarities identified in human social information use could be developmental outcomes of general-purpose learning and motivational biases, as opposed to mechanisms that have been biologically selected specifically for the acquisition of cultural information. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Viés , Comportamento Infantil , Aprendizagem por Discriminação , Aprendizagem , Aprendizado Social , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , China , Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Motivação , Recompensa , Reino Unido
17.
Front Microbiol ; 12: 729016, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34650533

RESUMO

A longitudinal serological study to investigate the seropositive frequency, incidence, and antibody dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population of China is urgently needed in order to optimize the strategies for surveillance and precise prevention of C. trachomatis infection. This longitudinal study enrolled 744 subjects aged 18-65 years from Jidong Community of Northern China from 2014 to 2018. Seropositive frequency, incidence, and reinfection of C. trachomatis were determined by detecting antibody against C. trachomatis Pgp3 using "in-house" luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA). The dynamic of anti-Pgp3 antibody was analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model. The overall Pgp3 seropositive frequency among the 18-65-year-old population was 28.1% (95% CI 24.9-31.5), and significantly increased from 12.0% in those aged 18-29 years to 48.6% in the 60-65 years old. The seropositive frequency was slightly higher in women than in men (31.3% vs. 25.4%) without statistical significance. The C. trachomatis incidence and reinfection rate were 11 and 14 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, and showed no significant difference with respect to age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and education levels. Furthermore, anti-Pgp3 antibody remained detectable in 93.3% (195/209) of the seropositive subjects during the 5 years of follow-up. The overall decay rate for anti-Pgp3 antibody for CT-infected persons was -0.123 Log2 RLU/year, which was dramatically slower than in CT new infection (-3.34 Log2 RLU/year) or reinfection (-1.1 Log2 RLU/year). In conclusion, at least one quarter of the people aged 18-65 years have been infected with C. trachomatis over their lifetime while all age groups are susceptible to C. trachomatis infection in the community of Northern China. Therefore, comprehensive prevention strategies are urgently needed.

18.
BMJ Open ; 11(3): e043228, 2021 03 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33664074

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Noroviruses are the leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis affecting all age groups. Since 2014, the previous rarely reported GII.P17-GII.17 and recombinant GII.P16-GII.2 norovirus emerged, replacing GII.4 predominant genotype, causing increased outbreaks in China and other countries. Meanwhile, GII.4/2012 Sydney strain has re-emerged as the dominant variant in many places in 2015-2018. The role of herd immunity as the driving force during these new emerging or re-emerging noroviruses is poorly defined. Serological surveillance studies on community-based prospective cohort on norovirus are highly needed. METHODS AND ANALYSES: This study will include 1000 out of 9798 participants aged 18 years and above from Caofeidian district, Tangshan city, northern China. Baseline data on sociodemographic characteristics and blood samples were collected in 2013-2014. Blood collection will be replicated annually throughout the cohort until 2023. Saliva samples were also collected in 2016. The seroprevalence and seroincidence of blockade antibodies against norovirus genotypes of GII.P17-GII.17, GII.P16-GII.2, the re-emerged GII.4/2012 and potential novel pandemic variants will be evaluated by ELISA. Associations between genotype blockade antibodies and sociodemographic factors and human histo-blood group antigens will be evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. The dynamics of herd immunity duration will be estimated in this longitudinal surveillance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Ethical Committees of the Staff Hospital of Jidong oil-field of China National Petroleum Corporation. This study will provide insight into the seroprevalence and seroincidence of noroviruses, and their relationships with sociodemographic characteristics and genetic susceptibility. It will also explain herd immunity of the emerged and re-emerged genotypes or variants. The study will further enable an understanding of the mechanism driving the replacement of norovirus genotypes. Research findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific meetings.


Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae , Norovirus , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Genótipo , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Norovirus/genética , Filogenia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto Jovem
19.
Front Microbiol ; 11: 607723, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33363528

RESUMO

Characterizing diversity and the antigenic relatedness of norovirus remains a primary focus in understanding its biological properties and vaccine designs. The precise antigenic and serological features of GI genotypes have not been studied. The study represented an investigation on a gastroenteritis outbreak related to GI.3 norovirus and the three most detected GI genotypes, GI.2 (belonging to immunotype B), GI.3 and GI.9 (belonging to immunotype C), were selected to characterize their phylogenetic relationship, HBGA binding profiles and antigenic relatedness within (intra-immunotype), and between (inter-immunotypes) genotypes using mouse sera and patient's serum samples from the GI.3 related outbreak. Wide HBGA binding profiles and evolution of binding affinity were observed in the three GI genotypes studied. A low specific blockade antibody to GI.3 in the population generated the pool of susceptible individuals and supported virus spread in the outbreak. We found strong blockade immune response in homologous strains, moderate intra-immunotype blockade but weak inter-immunotypes blockade in humans following GI.3 norovirus infections. These findings further support the immunotypes grouping and will be valuable for optimizing the design of norovirus vaccine.

20.
Schizophr Res ; 192: 9-15, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28390850

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we used Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to quantitatively examine brain grey matter reduction in schizophrenia patients with persistent negative symptoms (PNS). METHOD: A total of 12 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies were included in ALE meta-analysis using more stringent criterion of PNS. RESULTS: Significant grey matter reduction in the PNS group relative to controls was observed in the left caudate nucleus, the left precentral region, the left middle frontal region, the bilateral parahippocampal region, the left anterior cingulate region, the bilateral medial frontal gyrus, the thalamus and the insula. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that brain regions in the reward network may be specifically related to PNS, especially the left caudate nucleus. It is possible that abnormality in reward processing may constitute the neural basis of PNS.


Assuntos
Núcleo Caudado/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Núcleo Caudado/patologia , Substância Cinzenta/patologia , Humanos , Tamanho do Órgão , Esquizofrenia/patologia
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