Deciphering thyroid function and CIMT: a Mendelian randomization study of the U-shaped influence mediated by apolipoproteins.

Background: Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a key marker for atherosclerosis, with its modulation being crucial for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. While thyroid function's impact on cardiovascular health is recognized, the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms influencing CIMT remain to be elucidated. Methods: In this study, Mendelian Randomization (MR) was employed to assess the causal relationship between thyroid function and CIMT. Thyroid hormone data were sourced from the Thyroidomics Consortium, while lipid traits and CIMT measurements were obtained from the UK Biobank. The primary analysis method was a two-sample MR using multiplicative random effects inverse variance weighting (IVW-MRE). Additionally, the study explored the influence of thyroid hormones on lipid profiles and assessed their potential mediating role in the thyroid function-CIMT relationship through multivariate MR analysis. Results: The study revealed that lower levels of Free Thyroxine (FT4) within the normal range are significantly associated with increased CIMT. This association was not observed with free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or TPOAb. Additionally, mediation analysis suggested that apolipoprotein A-I and B are involved in the relationship between thyroid function and CIMT. The findings indicate a potential U-shaped curve relationship between FT4 levels and CIMT, with thyroid hormone supplementation in hypothyroid patients showing benefits in reducing CIMT. Conclusion: This research establishes a causal link between thyroid function and CIMT using MR methods, underscoring the importance of monitoring thyroid function for early cardiovascular risk assessment. The results advocate for the consideration of thyroid hormone supplementation in hypothyroid patients as a strategy to mitigate the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. These insights pave the way for more targeted approaches in managing patients with thyroid dysfunction to prevent cardiovascular complications.

Myeloid sarcoma with maxillary gingival swelling as the initial symptom: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also referred to as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a rare type of extramedullary malignant tumor. MS comprises primitive granulocytic precursor cells that play a key role in the early stages of white blood cell development. Notably, the occurrence of this tumor in the gingiva is rare. CASE SUMMARY: The present study reported the case of MS with gingival swelling in the maxillary region, with aleukemic presentation in a 32-year-old male patient. Following two courses of chemotherapy, computed tomography of the region demonstrated complete clearance of the tumor. At the 12-month follow-up appointment, the patient was in a stable condition with the absence of progression. The etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and relevant treatment of MS are discussed in the present study. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of MS may be confirmed following histological and immunohistochemical examinations.