Mediating effects of social support, mental health between stress overload, fatigue and turnover intention among operating theatre nurses.

BACKGROUND: The high rate of nurses turnover and nursing staff shortage have been an ongoing concern issue and a challenge for global health systems. To explore the turnover intention among operating theatre nurses, and to test the hypothetical model for estimating the effects of stress overload and fatigue between social support, mental health and turnover intention. DESIGN: a multi-center and cross-sectional online survey. METHODS: This study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 comprised 1060 operating theatre nurses from 76 Chinese hospitals. The descriptive analysis, independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analysis were used to explore the relationships among variables by the SPSS software, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to identify influencing factors of turnover intention and its dimensions among operating theatre nurses. A structural equation model was analyzed by the AMOS software. RESULTS: Social support, mental health, stress overload and fatigue were important predictors of turnover intention among operating theatre nurses. Besides, stress overload positively affected fatigue, mental health and turnover intention; fatigue negatively affected social support, however, fatigue positively affected mental health; social support negatively affected mental health and turnover intention; mental health positively affected turnover intention. Moreover, social support, mental health mediated between stress overload, fatigue and turnover intention among operating theatre nurses. CONCLUSION: Social support, mental health mediated between stress overload, fatigue and turnover intention among operating theatre nurses.

Effect of active and passive warming on preventing hypothermia and shivering during cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative hypothermia and shivering commonly occur in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. The warming method is usually used to prevent hypothermia and shivering. However, the effect of active warming (AW) prior to passive warming (PW) on the perioperative outcomes of pregnant women and their offspring remains controversial. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of AW and PW on maternal and newborn perioperative outcomes during cesarean delivery. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to August 7, 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess articles selected for the systematic review. Continuous data were analyzed using weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and categorical data were analyzed by the random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 1241 participants from twelve RCTs were selected for the final meta-analysis. AW was associated with a lower risk of maternal hypothermia (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63-0.93, P = 0.007) and shivering (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.85; P = 0.007). AW was associated with high maternal temperature (WMD: 0.27, 95%CI: 0.14 to 0.40, P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between AW and PW in terms of hypothermia (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.24-1.51, P = 0.278), temperature (WMD: 0.31, 95% CI: - 0.00 to 0.62; P = 0.050), and umbilical vein PH in newborns (WMD: -0.00; 95% CI: - 0.02 to 0.02, P = 0.710). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that AW can better prevent maternal hypothermia and shivering than PW. In contrast, no significant effect was observed in newborns. Overall, the quality of the included studies is high due to RCTs, low risk of bias, consistency, and precision. We identified the quality of the overall evidence from the survey to be GRADE I.

[Clinical evaluation of "All-on-Four" provisional prostheses reinforced with carbon fibers].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical effects of carbon fiber reinforcement on the "All-on-Four" provisional prostheses. METHODS: Provisional prostheses were divided into control group and carbon fiber reinforcing group according to whether carbon fiber reinforcement was used in the provisional prostheses base resin. In our study, a total of 60 patients (32 males and 28 females) with 71 provisional prostheses(28 maxilla and 43 mandible)were enrolled between April 2008 and December 2012 for control group; a total of 23 patients (13 males and 10 females) with 28 provisional prostheses (9 maxillas and 19 mandibles) were enrolled between January 2013 and March 2014 for carbon fiber reinforcing group. The information of provisional prostheses in the patients was recorded according to preoperative examination. We used the date of definitive prosthesis restoration as the cut-off point, observing whether fracture occurred on the provisional prostheses in the two groups. Additionally we observed whether fiber exposure occurred on the tissue surface of the provisional prostheses and caused mucosal irritation. The interface between the denture base resin and the fibers was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The age [(57.3 ± 10.1) years vs.(55.1 ± 11.4) years], gender (32 males and 28 females vs. 13 males and 10 females), maxilla and mandible distributions (28 maxillas and 43 mandibles vs. 9 maxillas and 19 mandibles), the number of extraction jaws (46 vs. 23), the average using time [(7.8 ± 1.3) months vs. (7.5 ± 1.1) months], and the opposing dentition distributions of provisional prostheses of the patients showed no significant differences between the control and reinforcing groups. There were 21(29.6%) fractures that occurred on the 71 provisional prostheses in the control group; there was no fracture that occurred on the 28 provisional prosthesesin the carbon fiber reinforcing group. The fracture rate of the carbon fiber reinforcing group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.001). No carbon fiber exposure and mucosal irritation were observed from clinical examination.SEM revealed relatively continuous contact between the fiber and acrylic resin, and the resin particles adhered on the surface of the carbon fibers. CONCLUSION: The addition of carbon fibers between abutments placed on "All-on-Four" provisional fixed denture base resin may be clinically effective in preventing "All-on-Four" denture fracture and can provide several advantages for clinical use.

Construction and Validation of the Postgraduate Research Innovation Ability Scale (PRIAS): A Three-Dimensional Structural Model Based on Componential Theory of Creativity.

Purpose: To explore the structure of postgraduate research innovation ability and verify the Postgraduate Research Innovation Ability Scale. Patients and Methods: This study was based on the componential theory of creativity. First, we drafted an item pool from the literature review, semi-structured interviews, and group discussions. A total of 125 postgraduates were selected for the pre-test. After item selection and exploratory factor analysis, an 11-item, 3-factor postgraduate research innovation ability scale was formed. The scale was applied to a sample of 330 postgraduates from various domestic universities. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the factor structure of the scales. Results: The results support a three-factor model including creativity-relevant processes, domain-relevant skills, and intrinsic motivation for the Postgraduate Research Innovation Ability Scale. The scale showed good internal consistency (α =0.89) and test-retest reliability (r=0.86). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the KMO value was 0.87, and the Bartlett's sphericity test results were significant. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the three-factor construct demonstrated a good model fit (χ2/df=1.945, GFI=0.916, CFI=0.950, RMSEA=0.076). Conclusion: The Postgraduate Research Innovation Ability Scale has good reliability and validity, and it can be used for future research in related fields.

The relationship between negative peer relationship and non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese adolescents: A moderated-mediation model.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the mediating effect of regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE) between negative peer relationship and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as well as the moderating effect of gender difference. Methods: A study of 578 Chinese adolescents (46.9% males, mean age = 16.32 years, SD =0.54) was conducted using the Child and Adolescent Peer Relationship Inventory, Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Adolescent Self-Injury Questionnaire. Results: Negative peer relationship was positively correlated with NSSI, and RESE was negatively correlated with negative peer relationship and NSSI. RESE mediated the association between negative peer relationship and NSSI. The first stage(predicting the effect of negative peer relationship on RESE) and the second stage (predicting the effect of RESE on NSSI) of the mediation effect of RESE were both moderated by gender. Specifically, compared with boys, the effect of negative peer relationship on RESE was stronger for girls, and the effect of RESE on NSSI was stronger for girls than boys. Conclusion: Negative peer relationships may influence NSSI of adolescents through the mediating effect of RESE and the moderating role of gender.

Self-Handicapping in Chinese Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Academic Anxiety, Procrastination and Hardiness.

Background: In the face of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak, Chinese medical students worried about their future studies which might make them more susceptible to academic anxiety. Previous studies have shown that academic anxiety is an important risk factor for self-handicapping, but there are few studies to explore the relationship between the two which may be mediated or moderated by other variables. Therefore, this study investigated how Chinese medical students' academic anxiety is correlated to their self-handicapping in time of COVID-19 epidemic, and explored the moderating and mediating effects of hardiness and procrastination. Methods: In this study, 320 Chinese medical students' psychological traits were measured with Academic Anxiety Questionnaire, Self-Handicapping Scale, General Procrastination Scale and Hardiness Scale to explore the potential associations between these variables. Results: The most obvious finding to emerge from this study was that self- handicapping had a positive correlation with academic anxiety and procrastination, but had a negative correlation with hardiness; hardiness had a negative association with academic anxiety and procrastination; and academic anxiety and procrastination were positively correlated. In addition, the relationship between academic anxiety and self-handicapping of Chinese medical students was not only partially mediated by procrastination, but also moderated by hardiness. Furthermore, medical students who had lower hardiness had stronger direct effect, while the indirect effect was strong at high and low conditions of hardiness. Conclusion: In time of the COVID-19 epidemic, the academic anxiety and self-handicapping of medical students are influenced by procrastination and hardiness to a great extent. Thus, in addition to suggesting that more attention should be paid to the academic anxiety and procrastination of medical students, in the future, more attention should be paid to cultivating the hardiness of medical students and exerting its interventional role in self-handicapping.

The Evaluation of Cognitive Impairment in Alcohol-Dependent Patients Through RBANS Combined With ERPs.

Background: Recently, the cognitive impairment of patients with alcohol dependence has attracted more and more attention. The combination of Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and event-related potentials (ERPs) for evaluating the degree of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence has not undergone enough in-depth investigation. Method: Sixty patients with alcohol dependence were selected as alcohol-dependence group, whereas 40 healthy volunteers served as a normal control group. The original scores of the RBANS sub-items, the incubation period, and volatility of ERPs between the two groups were compared, and the correlation among the above indicators in the alcohol-dependence group was further analyzed. Results: The RBANS test showed that the original scores of speech function, attention function, delayed memory, and immediate attention in the alcohol-dependence group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group. Compared with the normal control group, the latencies of P200 and P300 in the alcohol-dependence group were significantly prolonged, and the amplitude of P200 and P300 was significantly reduced. Correlation analysis between RBANS and ERPs in alcohol-dependence group showed that immediate attention score was positively correlated with P300 and P200 amplitude, visual breadth score was positively correlated with P200 latency, and attention function score was negatively correlated with P300 latency. Conclusion: As RBANS scale was highly correlated with the results of ERPs, the combined use of these two scales may serve as an objective basis for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence.

Quality of life in long-term oral cancer survivors: an 8-year prospective study in China.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the prospective study was to evaluate the long-term changes in quality of life (QOL) in patients with oral cancer and to examine the potential factors that predicted QOL at 8 years after treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-one patients were evaluated by the University of Washington quality of life scale. QOL in 30 long-term survivors was assessed at diagnosis and at the 3-month, 1-year, and 8-year follow-up. RESULTS: QOL was found to be better among survivors compared with nonsurvivors at the 1-year follow-up. Levels of pain, mood, and anxiety showed clinically and statistically significant improvements between diagnosis and at 8 years following treatment, whereas problems with chewing, speech, shoulder mobility, and taste worsened during this interval (P < .05). From 1 to 8 years, patients reported clinically significant improvements with regard to appearance, recreation, speech, saliva, and anxiety. Among the 11 sociodemographic, disease-, or treatment-related factors, age and tumor site were associated with long-term QOL. CONCLUSIONS: Although the QOL among patients with oral cancer was generally favorable in the long term, the changed patterns in different domains over time should be noted. Improved QOL between the 1-year and the 8-year follow-up demonstrated the dynamics of QOL after 1 year and justified ongoing follow-up beyond the 1-year observation point.

In vitro evaluation of the flexural properties of All-on-Four provisional fixed denture base resin partially reinforced with fibers.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of partial carbon or glass fiber reinforcement on the flexural properties of All-on-Four provisional fixed denture base resin. The carbon or glass fibers were woven (3% by weight) together in three strands and twisted and tightened between the two abutments in a figure-of-"8" pattern. Four types of specimens were fabricated for the three-point loading test. The interface between the denture base resin and fibers was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Reinforcement with carbon or glass fibers between two abutments significantly increased the flexural strength and flexural modulus. SEM revealed relatively continuous contact between the fibers and acrylic resin. The addition of carbon or glass fibers between two abutments placed on All-on-Four provisional fixed denture base resin may be clinically effective in preventing All-on-Four denture fracture and can provide several advantages for clinical use.