RESUMO
Two domestic shorthair cats, 1 intact female and 1 intact male, presented with progressive limb lameness and digital deformities at 4 and 6 months of age. Stiffness and swelling of the distal thoracic and pelvic limb joints progressed to involve hip and shoulder joints, resulting in reduced mobility. Radiographs in both cats and computed tomography of the male cat revealed ankylosing, polyarticular deposits of extracortical heterotopic bone spanning multiple axial and appendicular joints, extending into adjacent musculotendinous tissues. All findings supported fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a disorder characterized by toe malformations and progressive heterotopic ossification in humans. In both cats, molecular analyses revealed the same heterozygous mutation in the activin A receptor type I (ACVR1) gene that occurs in humans with FOP. Several reports of heterotopic ossification in cats exist, but this is the first one to identify clinical FOP in 2 cats with the identical mutation that occurs in >95% of humans with FOP.
Assuntos
Receptores de Ativinas Tipo I/genética , Doenças Ósseas/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/genética , Miosite Ossificante/genética , Ossificação Heterotópica/veterinária , Animais , Doenças Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Ósseas/genética , Doenças Ósseas/patologia , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Gatos , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Masculino , Mutação , Miosite Ossificante/diagnóstico por imagem , Miosite Ossificante/patologia , Ossificação Heterotópica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ossificação Heterotópica/genética , Ossificação Heterotópica/patologiaRESUMO
Small molecule modified anticancer drug conjugates (SMMDCs) can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) as therapeutic NP platforms for cancer treatment. Here we demonstrate that the XlogP and Hansen solubility parameters of paclitaxel (PTX) SMMDCs is essential for SMMDCs self-assembling into NPs. The amorphous state of PTX SMMDCs will also affect SMMDCs self-assembling into NPs. However, the antitumor activity of these PTX SMMDCs NPs decreased along with their XlogP values, indicating that a suitable XlogP value for designing the SMMDCs is important for self-assembling into NPs and for possessing antitumor activity. For higher level XlogP SMMDCs, a degradable linker should be considered in the design of SMMDCs to overcome the problem of lower antitumor activity. It is preferable that the hydrophilic groups in the SMMDCs should be present on the surface of self-assembling NPs.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Paclitaxel/análogos & derivados , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Células MCF-7 , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Here, the mesoporous silica (Sylysia 350) was selected as mesoporous material, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was selected as crystallization inhibitor, and febuxostat (FBT) was selected as model drug, respectively. The FBT-Sylysia-HPMC nanomatrix (FBT@SHN) was prepared. The characteristics of FBT@SHN were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that the FBT in FBT@SHN was in amorphous form. The solubility and dissolution of FBT in FBT@SHN were significantly increased. The oral bioavailability of FBT in FBT@SHN was greatly improved 5.8-fold compared with that in FBT suspension. This nanomatrix could be used as a drug delivery platform for improving the oral bioavailability.
Assuntos
Febuxostat/química , Febuxostat/metabolismo , Nanoestruturas/química , Polímeros/química , Polímeros/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cristalização , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Febuxostat/administração & dosagem , Supressores da Gota/administração & dosagem , Supressores da Gota/química , Supressores da Gota/metabolismo , Derivados da Hipromelose/administração & dosagem , Derivados da Hipromelose/química , Derivados da Hipromelose/metabolismo , Masculino , Metilcelulose/química , Nanoestruturas/administração & dosagem , Polímeros/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Dióxido de Silício/administração & dosagem , Dióxido de Silício/química , Dióxido de Silício/metabolismo , SolubilidadeRESUMO
The design of novel energetic compounds constitutes a pivotal research direction within the field of energetic materials. However, exploring the intricate relationship between their molecular structure and properties, in order to uncover their potential applications, remains a challenging endeavor. Therefore, employing multi-molecule assembly techniques to modulate the structure and performance of energetic materials holds immense significance. This approach enables the creation of a new generation of energetic materials, fueling research and development efforts in this field. In this study, a series of coordination compounds are synthesized by utilizing tetranitroethide (TNE) as an anion, which possesses a high nitrogen and oxygen content. The synthesis involves the synergistic modification between metal ions and small molecule ligands. Characterization of the obtained compounds is carried out using various techniques, including single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and simultaneous TG-DSC analysis. Additionally, the energy of formation for these compounds is calculated using bomb calorimetry, based on the heat of combustion. The detonation performances of the compounds are determined through calculations using the EXPLO 5 software, and their sensitivities to external stimuli are evaluated.
RESUMO
Combining the advantages of energetic heterocycles to achieve high-energy insensitive explosives is a significant challenge. Herein, based on high-energy tetrazole rings and highly stable 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings, a series of novel nitrogen rich energetic compounds 5-9 were successfully constructed. The related compounds were fully characterized by EA, FT-IR, NMR, DSC, and MS, and compounds 6-9 were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Among them, the energetic ion salts 6-8 show high thermal stability (Tdec > 250 °C) and low mechanical sensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS > 360 N), as well as good energy properties (7552-8050 m s-1, 19.4-23.3 GPa). In particular, the azo compound 9 exhibits competent comprehensive performances (Tdec = 226.2 °C, D = 8502 m s-1, P = 28.9 GPa, IS = 32 J, FS = 320 N). These results suggest that the strategy of integrating tetrazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole and employing an azo structure as a bridging unit are effective approaches to construct high-energy insensitive materials.
RESUMO
Small molecule-chemotherapeutic drug conjugate nanoparticles (SMCDC NPs) has a great advantage in improving drug loading. However, the factors which influence these conjugates forming stable nanoparticles (NPs) are currently unclear. In our previous studies, we synthesized a series of fatty acid-paclitaxel conjugates and suggested that the changes in the hydrophobic parameters (XlogP), solubility parameters and crystallinity of these fatty acid-paclitaxel conjugates were the key factors for affecting these small molecule-chemotherapeutic drug conjugates (SMCDCs) forming stable NPs in water. Here, we selected clinically widely used chemotherapeutic drug (docetaxel (DTX), doxorubicin (DOX) and irinotecan (Ir)) as model drug, and chose three straight-chain fatty acids (acetic acid (Ac), hexanoic acid (HA) and stearic acid (SA)) and one branched small molecule (N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) glycine (B-G)) to synthesize 12 SMCDCs. Our results indicated that our prediction criterions obtained from paclitaxel conjugates were also appropriated for these synthesized SMCDCs. We suggested that the present studies expanded the scope of application of the above-mentioned influencing factors, provided research ideas for the rational design of SMCDC forming NPs and a basis for screening NPs with good anticancer activity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Ácido Acético/química , Caproatos/química , Sobrevivência Celular , Química Farmacêutica , Docetaxel/administração & dosagem , Docetaxel/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Irinotecano/administração & dosagem , Irinotecano/farmacologia , Células MCF-7 , Tamanho da Partícula , Solubilidade , Ácidos Esteáricos/químicaRESUMO
Cancer immunotherapy is a strategy that is moving to the frontier of cancer treatment in the current decade. In this study, we show evidence that 3-(2-nitrophenyl) propionic acid-paclitaxel nanoparticles (NPPA-PTX NPs), act as immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers, stimulating an antitumor response which results in synergistic antitumor activity by combining anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) in vivo. To investigate the antitumor immunity induced by NPPA-PTX NPs, the expression of both ICD marker calreticulin (CRT) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were analyzed. In addition, the antitumor activity of NPPA-PTX NPs combined with aPD-L1 in vivo was also investigated. The immune response was also measured through quantitation of the infiltration of T cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results demonstrate that NPPA-PTX NPs induce ICD of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells through upregulation of CRT and HMGB1, reactivating the antitumor immunity via recruitment of infiltrating CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells, secreting IFN-γ, TNF-α, and the enhanced antitumor activity by combining with aPD-L1. These data suggest that the combined therapy has a synergistic antitumor activity and has the potential to be developed into a novel therapeutic regimen for cancer patients.
Assuntos
Albuminas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Morte Celular Imunogênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Albuminas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antígeno B7-H1/imunologia , Calreticulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Proteína HMGB1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Propionatos/química , Regulação para Cima , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The antitumor immune response involves a cascade of cancer-immunity cycles. Developing a combination therapy aimed at the cancer-immunity cycle is of great importance. In this research, we designed and tested a combined therapeutic-Au nanorod (AuNR)/doxorubicin (DOX) gel (AuNR/DOX gel)-in which the sustained release of DOX was controlled by Pluronic gel. DOX served as an immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD) inducer, triggering the production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mild photothermal therapy (Mild PTT) produced by 880 nm laser-irradiated AuNRs also generated tumor-associated antigens. Maleimide-modified liposomes (L-Mals), as antigen capturing agents, promoted tumor antigen uptake by DCs. Ultimately, more CD8+ T cells and fewer regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrated the tumor, eliciting antitumor responses from the PD-L1 antibody. Our results indicate that this combination strategy promotes a positive shift in the cancer-immunity cycle and holds much promise for combination strategy will lead to development of an antitumor drug delivery system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Developing a combination therapy for cancer-immunity cycle is of great importance due to antitumor immune response involving a cascade of cancer-immunity cycles. Cancer-immunity cycle usually includes tumor antigen release, antigen presentation, immune activation, trafficking, infiltration, specific recognition of tumor cells by T cells, and finally cancer cell killing. In this research, we designed a combination strategy based on Au nanorod/doxorubicin gel via mild photothermal therapy combined with antigen-capturing liposomes and anti-PD-L1 agent promoting a positive shift in the cancer-immunity cycle. Our results indicate that this combination strategy promotes a positive shift in the cancer-immunity cycle and holds much promise for combination strategy will lead to development of an antitumor drug delivery system.
Assuntos
Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inibidores , Doxorrubicina , Melanoma Experimental , Nanotubos , Terapia Fototérmica , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Lipossomos , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical manifestation that is a severe complication characterized by decreased learning ability and deterioration of memory following anesthesia and surgery. However, the precise mechanisms of POCD are not completely understood. Rats were divided into blank control group (Con, n = 12) and sevoflurane group (Sev, n = 12). Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the ability of learning and memory in two groups of rats; immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ion calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC); Western blot analysis was applied respectively to investigate Iba-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase-1 (ARG1), inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression; The expression of iNOS, ARG1, IL-1ß, and TNF-α in sera of rats was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that sevoflurane induced learning and memory impairment assessed by morris water maze test, anesthesia up-regulated the expression of iNOS, IL-1ß and TNF-α inflammasome in microglia, as indicated by increased activation of Iba-1 and reduced the level of ARG1 in the PFC. We conclude that the cognitive function of rats after inhaling anesthesia was likely associated with M1/M2 polarization of microglia, which was triggered by sevoflurane.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Small molecule modified antitumor drug conjugate nanoparticles have the advantages of high drug loading, simple synthesis and preparation, and better biocompatibility. Due to the large demand for exogenous α-linolenic acid (ALA) by tumor cells, we synthesized α-linolenic acid-paclitaxel conjugate (ALA-PTX) and prepared α-linolenic acid-paclitaxel conjugate nanoparticles (ALA-PTX NPs), in order to obtain better tumor cellular uptake and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: We synthesized and characterized ALA-PTX, and then prepared and characterized ALA-PTX NPs. The cellular uptake, uptake pathways, intracellular behavior, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of ALA-PTX NPs were evaluated. RESULTS: The size of ALA-PTX NPs was approximately 110.7±1.7 nm. The drug loading was approximately 90% (w/w) with CrEL-free and organic solvent-free characteristics. The cellular uptake of ALA-PTX NPs was significantly higher than that of PTX injection by MCF-7, MCF-7/ADR and HepG2 cells. In these three cell lines, the cellular uptake of ALA-PTX NPs at 6h was approximately 1.5-2.6 times higher than that of PTX injection. ALA-PTX NPs were ingested through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, then transferred to lysosomes, and could dissolve in cells to play an antitumor activity. The in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of ALA-PTX NPs was confirmed in MCF-7/ADR and HepG2 cell models and tumor-bearing nude mouse models. CONCLUSION: ALA-PTX NPs developed in our study could provide a new method for the preparation of nano-delivery systems suitable for antitumor therapy that could increase tumor cellular uptake and enhance antitumor activity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos , Antineoplásicos , Nanopartículas , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Endocitose , Camundongos , Paclitaxel , Ácido alfa-LinolênicoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Because tumor-associated inflammation is a hallmark of cancer treatment, in the present study, sorafenib mesoporous silica nanomatrix (MSNM@SFN) co-administrated with flufenamic acid (FFA, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)) was investigated to enhance the anti-tumor activity of MSNM@SFN. METHODS: Metastatic breast tumor 4T1/luc cells and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were selected as cell models. The effects of FFA in vitro on cell migration, PGE2 secretion, and AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 levels in 4T1/luc and HepG2 cells were investigated. The in vivo anti-tumor activity of MSNM@SFN co-administrating with FFA (MSNM@SFN+FFA) was evaluated in a 4T1/luc metastatic tumor model, HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice model, and HepG2 orthotopic tumor-bearing nude mice model, respectively. RESULTS: The results indicated that FFA could markedly decrease cell migration, PGE2 secretion, and AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 levels in both 4T1/luc and HepG2 cells. The enhanced anti-tumor activity of MSNM@SFN+FFA compared with that of MSNM@SFN was confirmed in the 4T1/luc metastatic tumor model, HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice model, and HepG2 orthotopic tumor-bearing nude mice model in vivo, respectively. DISCUSSION: MSNM@SFN co-administrating with FFA (MSNM@SFN+FFA) developed in this study is an alternative strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSNM@SFN via co-administration with NSAIDs.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , 20-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Membro C3 da Família 1 de alfa-Ceto Redutase/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Feminino , Ácido Flufenâmico/administração & dosagem , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Nanoestruturas/administração & dosagem , Nanoestruturas/química , Dióxido de Silício/química , Sorafenibe/administração & dosagem , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: 3-(2-Nitrophenyl) propionic acid-paclitaxel (NPPA-PTX) is a paclitaxel (PTX) bioreductive prodrug synthesized by our lab. We hypothesize that NPPA-PTX can self-assemble to form nanoparticles (NPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present research, the theoretical partition coefficient (XlogP) and Hansen solubility parameters of NPPA-PTX were calculated. NPPA-PTX nanoparticles prepared by NPPA-PTX and DSPE-PEG (NPPA-PTX:DSPE-PEG =1:0.1, w/w) (NPPA-PTX@PEG NPs) were prepared and characterized. The cellular uptake, in vitro antitumor activity, in vivo targeting effect, tumor distribution, in vivo antitumor activity, and safety of NPPA-PTX@PEG NPs were investigated. RESULTS: Our results indicate that NPPA-PTX can self-assemble to form NPPA-PTX@PEG NPs. Both the cellular uptake and safety of NPPA-PTX@PEG NPs were higher than those of Taxol. NPPA-PTX@PEG NPs could target tumor tissues by a passive targeting effect. In tumor tissues, NPPA-PTX@PEG NPs could completely transform into active PTX. The in vivo antitumor activity of NPPA-PTX@PEG NPs was confirmed in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing nude mice. CONCLUSION: The bioreductive prodrug NPPA-PTX could self-assemble to form NPs. The safety and antitumor activity of NPPA-PTX@PEG were confirmed in our in vitro and in vivo experiments. The NPPA-PTX@PEG NPs developed in this study could offer a new way of preparing bioreductive prodrug, self-assembled NPs suitable for antitumor therapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/análogos & derivados , Fenilpropionatos/farmacologia , Pró-Fármacos/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Camundongos Nus , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Fenilpropionatos/administração & dosagem , Pró-Fármacos/administração & dosagem , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Nucleus-targeting drug delivery systems (NTDDs) deliver chemotherapeutic agents to nuclei in order to improve the efficacy of anti-tumour therapy. Histone H1 (H1) plays a key role in establishing and maintaining higher order chromatin structures and could bind to cell membranes. In the present study, we selected H1 as a target to prepare a novel H1-mediated NTDD. Low molecular weight heparin (LMHP) and doxorubicin (DOX) were combined to form LMHP-DOX. Then, a novel NTDD consisting of LMHP-DOX nanoparticles (LMHP-DOX NPs) was prepared by self-assembly. The characteristics of LMHP-DOX and LMHP-DOX NPs were investigated. Histone H1 high-expressive prostate cancer PC-3M cell line was selected as the cell model. Cellular uptake, and the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activity of LMHP-DOX NPs were evaluated on H1 high-expressive human prostate cancer PC-3M cells. Our results indicated that intact LMHP-DOX NPs mediated by H1 could be absorbed by H1 high-expressive PC-3M cells, escape from the lysosomes to the cytoplasm, and localize in the perinuclear region via H1-mediated, whereby DOX could directly enter the cell nucleus and quickly increase the concentration of DOX in the nuclei of H1 high-expressive PC-3M cells to enhance the apoptotic activity of cancer cells. The anti-coagulant activity of LMHP-DOX NPs was almost completely diminished in rat blood compared with that of LMHP, indicating the safety of LMHP-DOX NPs. Compared to traditional NTDD strategies, LMHP-DOX NPs avoid the complicated modification of nucleus-targeting ligands and provide a compelling solution for the substantially enhanced nuclear uptake of chemotherapeutic agents for the development of more intelligent NTDDs.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/administração & dosagem , Histonas/análise , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/farmacocinética , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/farmacocinética , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/farmacocinética , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/farmacologia , Humanos , Masculino , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , Células PC-3 , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the present study, the tumor-specific, pH-responsive peptide H7K(R2)2-modified, theranostic liposome-containing paclitaxel (PTX) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs), PTX/SPIO-SSL-H7K(R2)2, was prepared by using H7K(R2)2 as the targeting ligand, SPIO NPs as the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent, PTX as antitumor drug. METHODS: The PTX/SPIO-SSL-H7K(R2)2 was prepared by a thin film hydration method. The characteristics of PTX/SPIO-SSL-H7K(R2)2 were evaluated. The targeting effect, MRI, and antitumor activity of PTX/SPIO-SSL-H7K(R2)2 were investigated detail in vitro and in vivo in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cell models. RESULTS: Our results of in vitro flow cytometry, in vivo imaging, and in vivo MR imaging confirmed the pH-responsive characteristic of H7K(R2)2 in MDA-MB-231 cell line in vitro and in vivo. The results of in vivo MRI and in vivo antitumor activity confirmed the theranostic effect of PTX/SPIO-SSL-H7K(R2)2 in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing model. CONCLUSION: Considering all our in vitro and in vivo results, we conclude that we developed targeting modified theranostic liposome which could achieve both role of antitumor and MRI.