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1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 111(30): 11091-6, 2014 Jul 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24982168

RESUMO

The number of Fungi is estimated at between 1.5 and 3 million. Lichenized species are thought to make up a comparatively small portion of this figure, with unrecognized species richness hidden among little-studied, tropical microlichens. Recent findings, however, suggest that some macrolichens contain a large number of unrecognized taxa, increasing known species richness by an order of magnitude or more. Here we report the existence of at least 126 species in what until recently was believed to be a single taxon: the basidiolichen fungus Dictyonema glabratum, also known as Cora pavonia. Notably, these species are not cryptic but morphologically distinct. A predictive model suggests an even larger number, with more than 400 species. These results call into question species concepts in presumably well-known macrolichens and demonstrate the need for accurately documenting such species richness, given the importance of these lichens in endangered ecosystems such as paramos and the alarming potential for species losses throughout the tropics.


Assuntos
Basidiomycota/classificação , Líquens/classificação
2.
Mycologia ; 108(1): 38-55, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26577612

RESUMO

We present a taxonomic revision of the lichenized basidiomycete genus Acantholichen, species of which produce a characteristic blue-gray, microsquamulose thallus with spiny apical hyphal cells known as acanthohyphidia. Since its discovery, the genus was thought to be monospecific, only including the generic type, A. pannarioides. However, a detailed morphological and anatomical study of recently collected specimens from the Galápagos, Costa Rica, Brazil and Colombia, combined with a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region and 28S of the nuc rDNA and RPB2 sequences, revealed a much more diverse and widespread species assemblage. Based on the results of these analyses, we describe five new species in the genus: A. albomarginatus, A. campestris, A. galapagoensis, A. sorediatus and A. variabilis. We also provide an identification key to all species, anatomical and morphological descriptions, photographs and a table comparing main characters of each species.


Assuntos
Basidiomycota/classificação , Variação Genética , Líquens/classificação , Sequência de Bases , Basidiomycota/citologia , Basidiomycota/genética , Brasil , Colômbia , Costa Rica , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Líquens/citologia , Líquens/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA
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