RESUMO
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is an intractable genetic disease of the skin caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene. The majority of patients with RDEB harbor compound heterozygous mutations-two distinct mutations on each chromosome-without any apparent hotspots in the COL7A1 mutation pattern. This situation has made it challenging to establish a reliable RDEB mouse model with mutations that accurately mimic the genomic background of patients. Here, we established an RDEB mouse model harboring patient-type mutations in a compound heterozygous manner, using the CRISPR-based genome-editing technology i-GONAD. We selected two mutations, c.5818delC and E2857X, that have frequently been identified in cohorts of Japanese patients with RDEB. These mutations were introduced into the mouse genome at locations corresponding to those identified in patients. Mice homozygous for the 5818delC mutation developed severe RDEB-like phenotypes and died immediately after birth, whereas E2857X homozygous mice did not have a shortened lifespan compared to wild-type mice. Adult E2857X homozygous mice showed hair abnormalities, syndactyly, and nail dystrophy; these findings indicate that E2857X is indeed pathogenic in mice. Mice with the c.5818delC/E2857X compound heterozygous mutation presented an intermediate phenotype between the c.5818delC and E2857X homozygous mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing further clarified that the intrafollicular keratinocytes in c.5818delC/E2857X compound heterozygous mice exhibited abnormalities in cell cycle regulation. The proposed strategy to produce compound heterozygous mice, in addition to the established mouse line, will facilitate research on RDEB pathogenesis to develop a cure for this devastating disease.
Assuntos
Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica , Animais , Colágeno Tipo VII/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica/genética , Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica/patologia , Genes Recessivos , Homozigoto , Humanos , Camundongos , Mutação , FenótipoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Hair loss, including alopecia, is a common dermatological issue worldwide. At present, the application of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser in the treatment of alopecia has been documented; however, the results vary between reports. These varying results may be due to the limited knowledge of cellular action in laser-irradiated skin. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of laser treatment under effective conditions for hair cycle initiation. METHODS: A fractional CO2 laser was applied and optimized to initiate the hair cycle in a mouse model of alopecia. Several cellular markers were analyzed in the irradiated skin using immunofluorescence staining. Cellular populations and their comprehensive gene expression were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatics. RESULTS: The effective irradiation condition for initiating the hair cycle was found to be 15 mJ energy/spot, which generates approximately 500 µm depth columns, but does not penetrate the dermis, only reaching approximately 1 spot/mm2 . The proportion of macrophage clusters significantly increased upon irradiation, whereas the proportion of fibroblast clusters decreased. The macrophages strongly expressed C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (Ccr2), which is known to be a key signal for injury-induced hair growth. CONCLUSIONS: We found that fractional CO2 laser irradiation recruited Ccr2 positive macrophages, and induced hair regrowth in a mouse alopecia model. These findings may contribute to the development of stable and effective fractional laser irradiation conditions for human alopecia treatment.
Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono , Lasers de Gás , Alopecia/genética , Alopecia/radioterapia , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Cabelo , Humanos , Lasers de Gás/uso terapêutico , CamundongosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) plays a key role in bone metastasis formation; we hypothesized the possible involvement of TGF-ß in the induction of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the bone microenvironment (micro-E), which may be responsible for chemo-resistance. METHODS: Mouse mammary tumor cells were implanted under the dorsal skin flap over the calvaria and into a subcutaneous (subQ) lesions in female mice, generating tumors in the bone and subQ micro-Es. After implantation of the tumor cells, mice were treated with a TGF-ß R1 kinase inhibitor (R1-Ki). RESULTS: Treatment with R1-Ki decreased tumor volume and cell proliferation in the bone micro-E, but not in the subQ micro-E. R1-Ki treatment did not affect the induction of necrosis or apoptosis in either bone or subQ micro-E. The number of cells positive for the CSC markers, SOX2, and CD166 in the bone micro-E, were significantly higher than those in the subQ micro-E. R1-Ki treatment significantly decreased the number of CSC marker positive cells in the bone micro-E but not in the subQ micro-E. TGF-ß activation of the MAPK/ERK and AKT pathways was the underlying mechanism of cell proliferation in the bone micro-E. BMP signaling did not play a role in cell proliferation in either micro-E. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the bone micro-E is a key niche for CSC generation, and TGF-ß signaling has important roles in generating CSCs and tumor cell proliferation in the bone micro-E. Therefore, it is critically important to evaluate responses to chemotherapeutic agents on both cancer stem cells and proliferating tumor cells in different tumor microenvironments in vivo.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Microambiente Celular , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose , Biomarcadores , Neoplasias Ósseas/etiologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais , Camundongos , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
In recent years, the diagnostic method of choice for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a rapid enzyme immunoassay in which glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and C. difficile toxin can be detected (C. diff Quik Chek Complete; Alere Inc.) (Quik Chek). However, the clinical significance remains unclear in cases that demonstrate a positive result for GDH antigen and are negative for toxin. In this study, we used the Quik Chek test kit on fecal samples, with an additional toxin detection step using a toxigenic culture assay for the aforementioned cases. CDI risk factors were assessed among the 3 groups divided by the Quik Chek test results. The study involved 1,565 fecal samples from patients suspected to have CDI who were hospitalized during the period of April 2012 to March 2014. The 3 groups were defined as follows: both GDH antigen positive and toxin positive (by Quik Chek test) (toxin-positive [TP] group, n = 109), both GDH antigen and toxin negative (toxin-negative [TN] group, n = 111), and positive only for GDH antigen but toxin positive with subsequent toxigenic culture (toxigenic culture [TC] group, n = 72). The gender, age, number of hospitalization days, white blood cell (WBC) counts, serum albumin levels, body mass index (BMI), fecal consistency, and use of antibacterials and proton pump inhibiters (PPIs) were analyzed. The positive rate for the fecal direct Quik Chek test was 7.0% (109/1,565 cases). However, toxigenic culture assays using the Quik Chek test for only the GDH-antigen-positive/toxin-negative samples were 35.3% positive (72/204 cases). As a result, the true positive rate for C. difficile toxin detection was estimated to be 11.6% (181/1,565 cases). Moreover, significant differences (P < 0.05) in the number of hospitalization days (>50 days), WBC counts (>10,000 WBCs/µl), and use of PPIs comparing the TN, TP, and TC groups, were observed. The odds ratios (ORs) for the development of CDI were 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 2.74) and 2.98 (95% CI, 1.59 to 5.58) for numbers of hospitalization days, 2.16 (95% CI, 1.24 to 3.75) and 2.24 (95% CI, 1.21 to 4.14) for WBC counts, and 9.03 (95% CI, 4.9 to 16.6) and 9.15 (95% CI, 4.59 to 18.2) for use of PPIs in the TP and TC groups, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the use of PPIs was a significant risk factor for CDI development. Moreover, antibacterials such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones were demonstrated to be risk factors. In conclusion, identification of the TC group of patients is thought to be important, as this study demonstrates that this group bears the same high risk of developing CDI as the TP group.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/diagnóstico , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/normas , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/normas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/análise , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Reações Falso-Negativas , Fezes/química , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Glutamato Desidrogenase/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Neutralização/normas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive disease characterized by pancreatic fibrosis for which effective treatment options are lacking. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for fibrosis treatment but face limitations in clinical application. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) fragment mobilizes MSCs from bone marrow into the blood and has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for tissue regeneration in various pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of systemic administration of the HMGB1 fragment in a mouse model of CP. METHODS: A caerulein-induced CP mouse model was used, and the HMGB1 fragment was administered by tail vein injection. Parameters such as body weight, pancreatic tissue damage, fibrosis, inflammatory cytokine expression, and collagen-related gene expression were evaluated using various assays, including immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, serum analysis, and single-cell transcriptome analysis. And the migration of MSCs to the pancreas was evaluated using the parabiosis model. RESULTS: Administration of the HMGB1 fragment was associated with significant improvements in pancreatic tissue damage and fibrosis. It suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α+ MSCs, leading to their accumulation in the pancreas. The HMGB1 fragment also shifted gene expression patterns associated with pancreatic fibrosis toward those of the normal pancreas. Systemic administration of the HMGB1 fragment demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in attenuating pancreatic tissue damage and fibrosis in a CP mouse model. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the potential of the HMGB1 fragment as a therapeutic target for the treatment of CP.
Assuntos
Ceruletídeo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fibrose , Proteína HMGB1 , Pâncreas , Pancreatite Crônica , Animais , Pancreatite Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Proteína HMGB1/genética , Camundongos , Masculino , Pâncreas/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodosRESUMO
Although desmocollins (Dscs) and desmogleins (Dsgs) are known to be bound to each other to form desmosomes, neither their interactions nor regulations that occur in human keratinocytes grown in low and high Ca2+medium has been determined. In this study, we investigated whether Dsc3 interacts with Dsg3 in a cell line of human squamous cell carcinoma keratinocytes (DJM-1) grown in low (0.05 mm) or high (1.27 mm) Ca2+ medium. Anti-Dsc3 monoclonal antibody did not co-immunoprecipitate Dsg3 nor plakoglobin with Dsc3 in low Ca2+ culture, whereas it co-immunoprecipitated plakoglobin already at 10 min and Dsg3 at 60 min after Ca2+ -switch in association with Dsc3 phosphorylation at serine residues. These results suggest that both the binding of Dsc3 to plakoglobin and Dsc3 phosphorylation are involved in Dsc3 binding to Dsg3 during Ca2+ -induced desmosome assembly.
Assuntos
Cálcio/farmacologia , Desmocolinas/metabolismo , Desmogleína 3/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , gama Catenina/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Desmossomos/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Queratinócitos/patologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We recently showed that p120 catenin (p120ctn), which is an armadillo family protein member that binds to E-cadherin (E-cad), is also localized to desmosomes by directly or indirectly binding to desmogleins (Dsg). We examined whether p120ctn is associated with Dsg1 and Dsg3, as compared with E-cad and plakoglobin (PG), in keratinocytes grown in high or low Ca2+, using a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, DJM-1 cells. The cell lysate of DJM-1 cells grown in high- or low-Ca2+ media was immunoprecipitated with anti-Dsg1/2 and Dsg3 antibodies, and we examined whether p120ctn is associated with Dsg1 and Dsg3. Then, we observed the co-localization between Dsg3 and p120ctn in cells grown in high- or low-Ca2+ medium on double-staining immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-p120ctn and anti-Dsg3 antibodies. Immunoprecipitates with anti-Dsg1/2 and Dsg3 antibodies in cells grown in high-Ca2+ medium contained p120ctn. In contrast, in low-Ca2+ medium, p120ctn was co-immunoprecipitated with neither Dsg1 nor Dsg3, but was co-immunoprecipitated with E-cad in cells grown in both high- and low-Ca2+ media. Dsg3 was associated with PG in cells grown in both low- and high-Ca2+ media. On immunofluorescence microscopy, p120ctn and Dsg3 were independently observed in cells grown in low-Ca2+ medium; p120ctn, but not Dsg3, was observed in a linear pattern at the cell-cell boundary. However, they were co-localized at cell-cell contacts in cells grown in high-Ca2+ medium. Thus, these proteins are not co-localized in low Ca2+ medium. These results suggest that p120ctn plays an important role in Ca2+-induced desmosome formation.
Assuntos
Caderinas/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Desmogleína 1/metabolismo , Desmogleína 3/metabolismo , Desmossomos/metabolismo , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Western Blotting , Cateninas , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/química , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura/química , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Queratinócitos/fisiologia , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Fosfoproteínas/química , Fosfoproteínas/fisiologia , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , gama Catenina/metabolismo , delta CateninaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although pemphigus vulgaris (PV)-IgG has been shown to activate urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in cultured keratinocytes, activation of uPA is thought to have no primary role in PV-acantholysis, because PV-IgG is still pathogenic in uPA- and tissue-PA-knockout mice. OBJECTIVE: To determine if PV-IgG-induced uPA activation is due to specific antibody against Dsg3, we examined whether or not pathogenic monoclonal anti-Dsg3 antibody can activate uPA, because PV-IgG is thought to contain antibodies against unknown antigens besides Dsg3. METHODS: We stimulated cultured normal human and DJM-1 keratinocytes with monoclonal anti-Dsg3 IgG1 antibodies (pathogenic AK23, AK19 and nonpathogenic AK18, AK20), negative control monoclonal mouse IgG1 and positive control PV-IgG. Cells were treated with IgGs over a time course of 24h, and uPA-protein content and activity in the culture medium were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chromogenic assay, respectively. RESULTS: The uPA-protein content in samples treated with or without pathogenic, nonpathogenic, control monoclonal mouse IgG1s and PV-IgGs increased continuously up to 24h, with no differences between samples, suggesting a spontaneous secretion. In contrast, uPA activity in the culture medium of cells treated with PV-IgG increased dramatically, whereas that of cells treated with all AK-IgGs and control monoclonal mouse IgG1 did not increase at all. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PV-IgG-dependent uPA activation is not related to anti-Dsg3 antibody activity, which is an essential factor in PV-IgG acantholysis, and that it may be due to other antigens than Dsg3 or unknown factors contained in PV-IgG fraction.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Desmogleína 3/imunologia , Queratinócitos/imunologia , Pênfigo/imunologia , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/metabolismo , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/farmacologia , Queratinócitos/enzimologia , Pênfigo/metabolismo , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/metabolismoRESUMO
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by antibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 3. We previously reported that pemphigus vulgaris (PV)-IgG caused the formation of Dsg3-depleted desmosomes in normal human cultured keratinocytes and DJM-1, a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line. In the present study, we injected PV-IgG and normal human IgG into neonatal mice and examined the quantities of Dsg3 in the mouse skin. We showed that injection of PV-IgG into neonatal mice caused suprabasal blister formation and approximately 30% reduction of Dsg3 in mouse epidermal keratinocytes, compared to mice injected with normal human IgG. In addition, we showed that the quantity of Dsg3 in the skin of patients with PV did decrease, as compared to that in healthy volunteers. Our data suggests the reduction of Dsg3 might be relevant to blister formation. These results also suggest that even a partial depletion of Dsg3 may contribute to blistering in PV patients.
Assuntos
Acantólise/etiologia , Desmogleína 3/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Pênfigo/complicações , Pênfigo/imunologia , Acantólise/metabolismo , Acantólise/patologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Biópsia , Vesícula/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Epiderme/efeitos dos fármacos , Epiderme/metabolismo , Epiderme/patologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/administração & dosagem , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , beta Catenina/genética , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for fastidious bacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) has been performed manually. We evaluated the performance of a newly developed fully automated system for rapid bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing "RAISUS ANY" (Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). METHODS: We evaluated the performance of "RAISUS ANY" for measurement of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae, in comparison with the manual method (DP34, Eiken Chem. Co., Ltd.). The repeatability of MICs was studied using the reference strain of these bacteria, obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). RESULTS: The comparison with the manual method for 35 and 36 clinical strains of H. influenzae and S. pneumonia showed 62.9-100% and 86.1-100% agreement, respectively. Five of 35 H. influenzae strains that showed a trailing effect were stably and accurately measured for MICs without a variation among the examiners. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the automated system "RAISUS ANY" provided a reliable MICs data for H. influenzae and S. pneumonia, suggesting its improvement in performance and reliability for routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical bacteriological laboratories.
Assuntos
Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/instrumentação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Automação Laboratorial/instrumentação , Automação Laboratorial/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To control carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we implemented a hospital-wide policy concerning the selective use of carbapenems based on the monitoring of P. aeruginosa isolates for susceptibility to five carbapenems using a customized dry plate method. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the outcome of our measures to control carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. METHODS: To select effective carbapenems, 100 clinical isolates were collected, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to 5 carbapenems (IPM/CS, MEPM, DRPM, BIPM and PAPM/BP) was monitored using a customized dry plate method from 2006 to 2013. Carbapenems, which were associated with a high rate of drug resistance in P. aeruginosa, were restricted from use during our intervention study. The antimicrobial use density per 100 bed-days (AUD100) of carbapenems and the detection rates of carbapenem (IPM/CS and MEPM)-resistant P. aeruginosa were determined during the period of the intervention. RESULTS: The isolates consistently showed higher rates of drug-resistant P. aeruginosa in IPM/CS and PAPM/BP. Thus, DRPM, MEPM and BIPM were adopted for hospital-wide use. The detection rates of all IPM/Cs and MEPM-resistant P. aeruginosa significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the consumption of carbapenems showed an increasing trend. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the hospital-wide implementation of the selective use of carbapenems based on periodic monitoring of the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates was retrospectively studied. Implementation of this measure might have contributed in part to the control of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa in our hospital.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Hospitais , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso de Medicamentos/tendências , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Análise de Regressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Very few functional neuroimaging studies have been performed on patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) undergoing behavior therapy, even though it is recognized to be an effective treatment for this disorder. We measured the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using the Xenon inhalation method in 31 treatment-refractory patients with OCD and the same number of age-matched normal controls. We also studied changes in rCBF in 22 OCD patients who had demonstrated a significant improvement after the behavior therapy. The OCD patients showed a significant bilateral elevation in the rCBF in the basal ganglia compared with the normal controls. After successful treatment, a significant decrease was found in the rCBF in the right head of the caudate nucleus that tended to correlate with clinical improvement.
Assuntos
Gânglios da Base/irrigação sanguínea , Terapia Comportamental , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Adulto , Mapeamento Encefálico , Córtex Cerebral/irrigação sanguínea , Dominância Cerebral/fisiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , XenônioRESUMO
In this study, we developed a ratings scale for estimating sleep onset that would be capable of providing quantitative evaluations of the quality of the sleep onset process. We also examined factors affecting sleep onset using a questionnaire consisting of two separate clusters of items: the first, consisting of 9 items, related to the quality of sleep onset; and the second, consisting of 56 items, related to factors with apparent effects on sleep onset. The questionnaire was administered to 515 day-workers (range: 25-44 years old) for standardization. Each item was weighted based on the distribution of subject responses to determine discrimination. The reliability coefficient alpha for the questionnaire was high, exceeding 0.8. Of 41 items set out as potential factors affecting sleep onset, the results of the questionnaire indicated that five factors consisting of 26 items could be isolated as most likely affecting sleep onset. Path analysis indicated that sleep onset is more commonly affected by factors present at bedtime than factors related to sleep quality the previous night, or to daytime activities.
Assuntos
Sono/fisiologia , Adulto , Fadiga , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Processos Mentais/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Glomerulonefrite por IGA/terapia , Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/administração & dosagem , Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/efeitos adversos , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Criança , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/efeitos adversos , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Fitoterapia , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Prednisolona/administração & dosagem , Prednisolona/efeitos adversos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , TonsilectomiaRESUMO
This study was carried out to elucidate the structural advantage of a gallated form of tea catechin on modulating bioavailability of dietary starch in rats. Animal studies demonstrated that the addition of 0.5% (w/w) (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to the diet brought about a significant increase in the starch content in the feces collected for 2 d at the fourth week of feeding over that with the control diet. Of the gross starch that the rats consumed from their respective diets during the fecal collection period, 0.1% (for control diet) and 1.9% (for EGCG diet) were estimated to be excreted in the feces. However, such a significant increase in the fecal excretion of starch by the EGCG diet was lost by undergoing hydrolysis of EGCG to (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and gallic acid (GA). In vitro investigation also showed that EGCG inhibited porcine pancreatic α-amylase activity in a concentration-dependent fashion, whereas the hydrolyzed preparation (the mixture of EGC and GA) exhibited a lack of the inhibitory activity for α-amylase. The modification of dietary starch digestion by inhibiting intestinal α-amylase activity with EGCG may be responsible at least in part for increasing fecal output of starch in rats. Thus, the attachment of a galloyl moiety to the tea flavan-3-ol skeleton may be of key importance for reducing intestinal digestion of dietary starch in rats.
Assuntos
Catequina/análogos & derivados , Fezes/química , Amido/metabolismo , Chá/química , Animais , Catequina/metabolismo , Catequina/farmacologia , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , alfa-Amilases/metabolismoRESUMO
We aim to test the feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for indirect measurement of human saliva secretion in response to taste stimuli for potential application to organoleptic testing. We use an NIRS system to measure extracranial hemodynamics (Hb-signals around the temples) of healthy participants when taste stimuli are taken in their mouths. First, the Hb-signals and volume of expelled saliva (stimulated by distilled-water or sucrose-solution intake) are simultaneously measured and large Hb-signal changes in response to the taste stimuli (Hb-responses) are found. Statistical analysis show that both the Hb response and saliva volume are larger for the sucrose solution than for the distilled water with a significant correlation between them (r = 0.81). The effects of swallowing on the Hb-signals are investigated. Similar Hb responses, differing from the sucrose solution and distilled water, are obtained even though the participants swallow the mouth contents. Finally, functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to identify possible sources of the Hb signals corresponding to salivation. Statistical analysis indicates similar responses in the extracranial regions, mainly around the middle meningeal artery. In conclusion, the identified correlation between extracranial hemodynamics and the saliva volume suggests that NIRS is applicable to the measurement of hemodynamic signals accompanying stimulated saliva secretion.
Assuntos
Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Salivação/fisiologia , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Paladar/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Testa/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Saliva/metabolismo , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Sacarose , ÁguaAssuntos
Desmogleína 3/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Queratinócitos/imunologia , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Pênfigo/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Desmocolinas , Humanos , Queratinócitos/ultraestrutura , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Microscopia ImunoeletrônicaRESUMO
We have shown that binding of bullous pemphigoid (BP)-patient IgG (BP-IgG) causes the internalization of BP180 from the cell membrane. This study examined whether BP-IgG treatment can deplete cultured keratinocytes of BP180, how it affects cellular levels of alpha6 and beta4 integrins (by western blot analysis using monoclonal antibodies to these antigens), and whether it reduces adhesion of cells to the culture dish (by a vibration detachment assay). All BP-IgG or BP sera with high values of BP180-ELISA from 18 BP patients before and after oral corticosteroid treatment showed dramatically decreased BP180 in cells after 6 hours of BP-IgG stimulation, whereas alpha6 and beta4 integrin levels were not decreased. Even IgG from patients in whom oral corticosteroid had suppressed active blistering could deplete cells of BP180, as long as sera retained a high value of BP180-ELISA. On the other hand, reduction of cell BP180 content increased detachment of cells from the dish. These results suggest that BP-IgG reduces hemidesmosomal BP180 content, weakening the adhesion of hemidesmosomes to the lamina densa. In the presence of BP180 deficiency, inflammation generated by BP180 immune-complex formation might then tear the weakened lamina lucida, and this could lead to generation of the BP-specific split at the lamina lucida.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/fisiologia , Autoantígenos/fisiologia , Imunoglobulina G/fisiologia , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Colágenos não Fibrilares/fisiologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/imunologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Autoantígenos/análise , Autoantígenos/imunologia , Adesão Celular , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Integrina alfa6/análise , Integrina beta4/análise , Colágenos não Fibrilares/análise , Colágenos não Fibrilares/imunologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/tratamento farmacológico , Penfigoide Bolhoso/etiologia , Colágeno Tipo XVIIRESUMO
P120-catenin (p120ctn) is an armadillo-repeat protein that directly binds to the intracytoplasmic domains of classical cadherins. p120ctn binding promotes the stabilization of cadherin complexes on the plasma membrane and thus positively regulates the adhesive activity of cadherins. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we show here that p120ctn associates to desmogleins (Dsg) 1 and 3. To determine which region is involved in the association between Dsg3 and p120ctn, we constructed mutant Dsg3 proteins, in which various cytoplasmic subdomains were removed. The tailless Dsg3 constructs Delta IA:AA1-641Dsg3 and Delta 641-714Dsg3, which do not contain the intracellular anchor (IA) region, did not coprecipitate with p120cn, nor did they colocalize at the plasma membrane. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that p120ctn does not localize to desmosomes, but colocalizes with Dsg3 at the cell surface. A biotinylation assay for Dsg3 showed that biotinylated Delta 641-714Dsg3 was turned over more rapidly than wild-type Dsg3. These results indicate that the membrane proximal region (corresponding to residues 641-714) in the IA region of Dsg3 is necessary for complex formation with p120ctn, and to maintain free Dsg3 at the cell surface before it is integrated into desmosomes. In summary, we show that p120ctn is a novel interactor of the Dsg proteins, and may play a role in desmosome remodeling.
Assuntos
Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Desmogleína 3/química , Desmogleína 3/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Cateninas , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/análise , Linhagem Celular , Membrana Celular/química , Desmogleína 1/análise , Desmogleína 1/metabolismo , Desmogleína 3/análise , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Queratinócitos/química , Camundongos , Mutação , Fosfoproteínas/análise , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , delta CateninaRESUMO
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease, characterized by the loss of cell-cell adhesion between epidermal keratinocytes and the presence of autoantibody against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), which provides adhesive integrity to desmosomes between adjacent keratinocytes. We have previously shown that PV-IgG purified from patients depletes desmosomes of Dsg3. However, PV-IgG contains not only antibodies against a variety of different epitopes of Dsg3 but also against other unknown antigens. Therefore, we examined whether the Dsg3-depleting activity of PV-IgG is generated specifically by anti-Dsg3 activity in a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (DJM-1) and normal human keratinocytes by using four different pathogenic and nonpathogenic monoclonal antibodies against Dsg3. We demonstrate that these monoclonal antibodies deplete cells and desmosomes of Dsg3, as PV-IgG does. Individual monoclonal anti-Dsg3 antibodies display characteristic limits to their Dsg3-depleting activity, which correlates with their pathogenic activities. In combination, these antibodies exert a cumulative or synergistic effect, which may explain the potent Dsg3-depleting capability of PV-IgG, which is polyclonal. Finally, although Dsg3-depletion activity correlated with AK-monoclonal antibody pathogenicity in mouse models, the residual level of Dsg3, when below approximately 50%, does not correlate with the adhesive strength index in the present study. This may suggest that although the Dsg3 depletion is not indicative for adhesive strength, the level of Dsg3 can be used as a read-out of pathogenic changes within the cell and that the Dsg3 depletion from desmosomes plays an important role in skin fragility or susceptibility to blister formation in PV patients.