Bis[1-cyclo-propyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxyl-ate-κO,O]bis-(nitrato-κO)copper(II).

In the title complex, [Cu(NO(3))(2)(C(17)H(18)FN(3)O(3))(2)], the Cu(II) ion is located on an inversion center. It exhibits a distorted octa-hedral geometry, being coordinated by six O atoms, four from two ciprofloxacin ligand mol-ecules (L), which act as bidentate ligands, and two from two nitrate anions. In the ligand, the piperazine ring has a chair conformation and the quinoline system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.097 (2) Å]. One of the nitrate O atoms is disordered over two positions [occupancy ratio = 0.51 (6):0.49 (6)]. There is a C-H⋯F inter-action in the complex. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generating a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (111). The presence of C-H⋯O inter-actions leads to the formation of a three-dimensional structure. The title complex was prepared by hydro-thermal synthesis, and the hexa-hydrate form of this complex, synthesized by conventional methods, has been reported previously [Hernandez-Gil et al. (2009 ▶). Polyhedron, 28, 138-144].

4-(1-Cyclo-propyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinolin-7-yl)piperazin-1-ium 2,4,5-tricarb-oxy-benzene-1-carboxyl-ate monohydrate.

In the crystal of title compound, C(16)H(19)FN(3)O(+)·C(10)H(5)O(8) (-)·H(2)O, the water mol-ecule and the ions are connected by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking [centroid-centroid separation = 3.602 (1) Å] between the benzene ring and the pyridine ring, generating a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure.

cis-Tetra-aqua-bis-{5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-κN(3))phen-yl]tetra-zolido}manganese(II) dihydrate.

In the title compound, [Mn(C(10)H(7)N(6))(2)(H(2)O)(4)]·2H(2)O, the complex unit comprises an Mn(2+) ion, coordinated by two imidazole N atoms from cis-related monodentate 5-[4-(imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]tetra-zolide ligands and four water mol-ecules, together with two water mol-ecules of solvation. The Mn(2+) ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and has a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry. The mol-ecules are connected by O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving both coordinated and solvent water mol-ecules, generating a three-dimensional structure. Two C atoms of the imidazole ring of the ligand are each disordered over two sites with occupancy factors of 0.75 and 0.25.

Diaqua-bis-[8-ethyl-5-oxo-2-(piperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-5,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxyl-ato]copper(II) bis[4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoate].

In the title compound, [Cu(C(14)H(17)N(5)O(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](C(14)H(9)O(5))(2), the Cu(2+) atom, located on an inversion centre, exhibits a distorted octa-hedral geometry, coordinated by four O atoms from two pipemidic acid ligands in equatorial positions and two water mol-ecules in axial positions. The pipemidic acid ligand acts a bidentate ligand and the single deprotonated 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid acts as an anion. Classical N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present in the crystal structure.

Bis[8-ethyl-5-oxo-2-(piperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-5,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carb-oxy-lic acid] 2,5-dicarb-oxy-benzene-1,4-di-carboxyl-ate octa-hydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C(14)H(18)N(5)O(3) (+)·C(10)H(5)O(8) (2-)·8H(2)O, contains one [H(2)ppa](+)cation, one half of an [H(2)btec](2-) anion (H(4)btec = 1,2,4,5-benzene-tetra-carb-oxy-lic acid and Hppa = 8-ethyl-5-oxo-2-piperazin-1-yl-5,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carb-oxy-lic acid) that is completed by inversion symmetry and four water mol-ecules. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected by inter-molecular hydrogen-bonding inter-actions and π-π stacking between the benzene rings of the [H(2)btec](2-) anion and the pyrimidine rings of the [H(2)ppa](+) cation [centroid-centroid distance = 3.597 (3) Å], generating a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure.

4-(3-Carb-oxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)piperazin-1-ium 4-carb-oxy-benzoate-benzene-1,4-dicarb-oxy-lic acid (2/1).

In the title compound, C(16)H(19)FN(3)O(3) (+)·C(8)H(5)O(4) (-)·0.5C(8)H(6)O(4), the benzene-1,4-dicarb-oxy-lic acid mol-ecule is located on a centre of symmetry. In the crystal, the mol-ecules and ions are connected by inter-molecular C-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions [with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.402 (2) Å], generating a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure.

Bis(2-carboxybenzo-ato-κO)bis-[1-cyclo-propyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxyl-ato-κO,O]manganese(II) dihydrate.

The title compound, [Mn(C(17)H(18)FN(3)O(3))(2)(C(8)H(5)O(4))(2)]·2H(2)O or [Mn(cfH)(2)(1,2-Hbdc)(2)]·2H(2)O (cfH = ciprofloxacin = 1-cyclo-propyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazin-yl)-3-quinoline carb-oxy-lic acid, 1,2-bdc = benzene-1,2-dicarboxyl-ate), has been prepared under hydro-thermal conditions. The Mn(2+) atom, located on an inversion centre, exhibits a distorted octa-hedral geometry, coordinated by four O atoms from two symmetry-related zwitterionic ciprofloxacin ligands in the equatorial positions and two O atoms of two 1,2-Hbdc ligands in the axial positions. The complex mol-ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network through N-H⋯O and OW-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between the carboxyl/carboxylate groups of the 1,2-Hbdc anion is also present. The layers are further extended through off-set aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions of cfH groups [centroid-centroid distance of 3.657 (2) Å] into the final three-dimensional supra-molecular arrays.

catena-Poly[[(2,2'-bipyridine)-manganese(II)]-µ(3)-4,4'-sulfonyl-dibenzoato].

In the title compound, [Mn(C(14)H(8)O(6)S)(C(10)H(8)N(2))](n), the Mn(II) ion is coordinated by four O atoms from three 4,4'-sulfonyl-dibenzoate (sdba) ligands and two N atoms from one 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bipy) ligand in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The manganese atoms are alternately bridged either by two sdba ligands, with an Mn⋯Mn separation of 12.284 (1) Å, or by two carboxyl-ate groups from two sdba ligands, with an Mn⋯Mn separation of 4.064 (1) Å, thus producing polymeric chains propagated in [101]. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance of 3.730 (3) Šbetween the aromatic rings of neighbouring polymeric chains] further stabilize the crystal packing.

Lethal/sublethal responses of Daphnia magna to acute norfloxacin contamination and changes in phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions induced by this antibiotic.

Although the well-known antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) is recognized as an important environmental pollutant, little is known about its impacts on ecological processes, particularly on species interactions. In this paper, we quantified Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) responses in mortality rate at lethal NOR concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L-1), and in heartbeat rate, swimming behavior and feeding rate (on the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa) at sublethal NOR concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1) to determine the effects of this antibiotic in plankton systems. In 96-h-long lethal experiment, mortality rates of D. magna increased significantly with increasing NOR concentration and exposure time. In sublethal experiments, heartbeat rate decreased, while time ratio of vertical to horizontal swimming (TVH) and the duration of quiescence increased in D. magna individuals exposed to increasing NOR concentrations after 4 and 12 h of exposure. These collectively led to decreases in both average swimming ability and feeding rate, consistent with the positive relationship between average swimming ability and feeding rate. Overall, results indicate that, by affecting zooplankton heartbeat rate and behavior, NOR decreased feeding efficiency of D. magna even at low doses, therefore, it might seriously compromise ecosystem health and function.

[Impacts of ultraviolet irradiation on the sperm motility and longevity of Acipenser baerii].

This paper studied the impacts of different dose ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm, UVC) on the sperm motility and longevity of Acipenser baerii. Ultraviolet irradiation had significant impacts on the sperm motility, its fast motion time, and longevity. With the increasing dose of ultraviolet irradiation, the sperm motility decreased rapidly first, increased rapidly then, and decreased rapidly again. The sperm fast motion time had the similar variation trend as the sperm motility, but the sperm longevity kept decreasing with increasing dose of ultraviolet irradiation. When the ultraviolet irradiation dose increased to 288 mJ x cm(-2), the sperm fast motion disappeared; when the ultraviolet irradiation dose increased up to 324 mJ x cm(-2), the sperm had no motility and died. According to the "Hertwig effect", the optimum ultraviolet irradiation dose for inactivating A. baerii sperm was 216 mJ x cm(-2).

[Effects of storage medium and temperature on short-term storage of Acipenser baerii eggs].

This paper studied the effects of different storage medium (coelomic fluid, Hepes solution, and modified Ringer's solution), temperature (4 degrees C and 16 degrees C), and duration (4 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h) on the short-term storage of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) eggs. The results showed that storage medium, temperature, and duration all had significant effects on the fertilization rate, hatching success, and malformation of newly hatched larvae (P < 0.05). With the increase of storage duration, the fertilization and hatching rates decreased, while the malformation rate of hatched larvae increased. The A. baerii eggs stored at 16 degrees C had higher fertilization, hatching, and malformation rates but shorter holding time than those stored at 4 degrees C. The optimal conditions for the short-term storage of A. baerii eggs were Hepes solution prepared according to the biochemical composition of A. baerii coelomic fluid, 16 degrees C, and 4 h, under which, 86.36% fertilization rate, 94.74% hatching rate, and zero malformation would be obtained.