RESUMO
Autophagy is essential for cellular homeostasis and function. In neurons, autophagosome biogenesis is temporally and spatially regulated to occur near presynaptic sites, in part via the trafficking of autophagy transmembrane protein ATG-9. The molecules that regulate autophagy by sorting ATG-9 at synapses remain largely unknown. Here, we conduct forward genetic screens at single synapses of C. elegans neurons and identify a role for the long isoform of the active zone protein Clarinet (CLA-1L) in regulating sorting of autophagy protein ATG-9 at synapses, and presynaptic autophagy. We determine that disrupting CLA-1L results in abnormal accumulation of ATG-9 containing vesicles enriched with clathrin. The ATG-9 phenotype in cla-1(L) mutants is not observed for other synaptic vesicle proteins, suggesting distinct mechanisms that regulate sorting of ATG-9-containing vesicles and synaptic vesicles. Through genetic analyses, we uncover the adaptor protein complexes that genetically interact with CLA-1 in ATG-9 sorting. We also determine that CLA-1L extends from the active zone to the periactive zone and genetically interacts with periactive zone proteins in ATG-9 sorting. Our findings reveal novel roles for active zone proteins in the sorting of ATG-9 and in presynaptic autophagy.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Caenorhabditis elegans , Animais , Autofagia/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Terminações Pré-Sinápticas/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico , Sinapses/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas juntendi is a newly identified opportunistic pathogen, of which we have limited understanding. P. juntendi strains are often multidrug resistant, which complicates clinical management of infection. METHODS: A strain of Pseudomonas juntendi (strain L4326) isolated from feces was characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS and Average Nucleotide Identity BLAST. This strain was further subject to whole-genome sequencing and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis. The strain was phenotypically characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and conjugation assays. RESULTS: We have isolated the novel P. juntendi strain L4236, which was multidrug resistant, but retained sensitivity to amikacin. L4236 harbored a megaplasmid that encoded blaOXA-1 and a novel blaIMP-1 resistance gene variant. P. juntendi strain L4236 was phylogenetically related to P. juntendi strain SAMN30525517. CONCLUSION: A rare P. juntendi strain was isolated from human feces in southern China with a megaplasmid coharboring blaIMP-1-like and blaOXA-1. Antimicrobial selection pressures may have driven acquisition of drug-resistance gene mutations and carriage of the megaplasmid.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Filogenia , Plasmídeos , Pseudomonas , beta-Lactamases , Pseudomonas/genética , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Plasmídeos/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , China , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Fezes/microbiologia , Cromossomos Bacterianos/genética , Genoma BacterianoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The prospective association between vitamin D and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a major circulating form of vitamin D, and new-onset OSA, and examine the modifying effect of obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 444,975 participants from UK Biobank without prior OSA. The primary outcome was new-onset OSA. RESULTS: During a median follow-up duration of 12.0 years, 6051 (1.4%) participants occurred new-onset OSA. Overall, there was an inverse relation of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with the risk of new-onset OSA (per SD increment, HR, 0.92; 95%CI: 0.89-0.95). In the analysis of the interactions of serum 25(OH)D with the combination of BMI (<25, 25- < 30, and ≥30 kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC) (<90 and ≥90 cm) categories on new-onset OSA, the significantly inverse association of serum 25(OH)D and new-onset OSA was mainly found in participants with both BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and WC ≥ 90 cm (BMI 25-30 kg/m2 and WC ≥ 90 cm: per SD increment, HR, 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84-0.95; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and WC ≥ 90 cm: per SD increment, HR, 0.85; 95%CI: 0.81-0.88), but not in other four groups with BMI < 25 kg/m2 or WC < 90 cm (P -interaction = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: There was an inverse relation of serum 25(OH)D with the risk of new-onset OSA in participants with both BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and WC ≥ 90 cm. Our findings suggest the importance of maintaining a higher serum 25(OH)D concentration for primary prevention of OSA in a population with obesity.
Assuntos
Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Vitamina D , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Vitaminas , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are engaged in various types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the roles of circ_0006743 (circ_JMJD1C) in breast cancer. The downstream of circ_JMJD1C and their interaction network was determined by bioinformatic analyses. Gene expression were analyzed through western blot and qRT-PCR assays. Functional assays were conducted in vitro and in vivo to verify circ_JMJD1C role in BC. FISH and confocal analysis indicated the cellular distribution of circ_JMJD1C. Luciferase reporter, RNA immune-precipitation (RIP) assays, as well as Pearson's correlation analysis, were implemented to test the relation of miR-182-5p, JMJD1C and circ_JMJD1C. Circ_JMJD1C and JMJD1C expression were both elevated, and their expression was positively correlated in BC. Circ_ JMJD1C knockdown hindered BC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, along with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Circ_JMJD1C facilitated BC progression by the miR-182-5p-JMJD1C axis. Circ_JMJD1C epigenetically upregulated SOX4. Circ_JMJD1C promotes the aggressiveness of BC via regulating miR-182-5p/JMJD1C/SOX4 axis. This may provide a novel and promising therapy targeting BC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Proliferação de Células , Progressão da Doença , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs , Oxirredutases N-Desmetilantes , RNA Circular , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/genética , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/metabolismo , Células MCF-7 , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Circular/genética , RNA Circular/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the short-term outcomes of robotic- (RAD) and laparoscopic-assisted duodenal diamond-shaped anastomosis (LAD) in neonates. METHODS: Neonates who underwent RAD (n = 30) or LAD (n = 38) between January 2019 and December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Major patient data were collected, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative information. RESULTS: All patients were neonates below the age of 30 days weighing 4 kg. Thirty (44.1%) neonates underwent RAD and 38 neonates (55.9%) underwent LAD. Compared to the LAD group, the RAD group had a shorter intra-abdominal operation time (RAD, 60.0(50.0 ~ 70.0) min; LAD, 79.9(69.0 ~ 95.3) min; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in immediate and 30-day complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: RAD is safe and effective in neonates. Compared to traditional LAD, RAD showed comparable results.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To investigate causal relationships of lung function with risks microvascular diseases among participants with diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), respectively, in prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS AND RESULTS: 14,617 participants with diabetes and without microvascular diseases at baseline from the UK Biobank were included in the prospective analysis. Of these, 13,421 had T2DM and 1196 had T1DM. The linear MR analyses were conducted in the UK Biobank with 6838 cases of microvascular diseases and 10,755 controls. Lung function measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). The study outcome was microvascular diseases, a composite outcome including chronic kidney diseases, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 2668 new-onset microvascular diseases were recorded. FVC (%predicted) was inversely associated with the risk of new-onset microvascular diseases in participants with diabetes (Per SD increment, adjusted HR = 0.86; 95%CI:0.83-0.89), T2DM (Per SD increment, adjusted HR = 0.86; 95%CI:0.82-0.90) and T1DM (Per SD increment, adjusted HR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.79-0.97), respectively. Similar results were found for FEV1 (%predicted). In MR analyses, genetically predicted FVC (adjusted RR = 0.55, 95%CI:0.39-0.77) and FEV1 (adjusted RR = 0.48, 95%CI:0.28-0.83) were both inversely associated with microvascular diseases in participants with T1DM. No significant association was found in those with T2DM. Similar findings were found for each component of microvascular diseases. CONCLUSION: There was a causal inverse association between lung function and risks of microvascular diseases in participants with T1DM, but not in those with T2DM.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: To date, few studies have investigated the association between dietary manganese intake and the risk of hypertension, so the prospective relationship of dietary manganese intake and new-onset hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary manganese intake and the risk of new-onset hypertension in the general Chinese population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study included 12,177 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by a physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. During a median follow-up duration of 6.1 years, 4269 (44.9 per 1000 person-years) participants developed new-onset hypertension. Overall, there was a positive association between dietary manganese intake and new-onset hypertension. The adjusted HRs (95%CIs) of new-onset hypertension were 1.00 (reference), 0.97 (0.87, 1.08), 1.24 (1.10, 1.39) and 1.75 (1.52, 2.01) across the quartiles of dietary manganese intake, respectively. Accordingly, a significantly higher risk of new-onset hypertension (HR, 1.38; 95%CI: 1.27, 1.50) was found in participants in quartiles 3-4 of dietary manganese intake (≥6.0 mg/day), compared with those in quartiles 1-2 (<6.0 mg/day). CONCLUSIONS: In the general Chinese population, dietary manganese intake was positively associated with the risk of new hypertension, independent of sodium intake and other important covariates.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Manganês , Humanos , Manganês/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association between different sedentary behaviors and hypertension risk remains unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between different domains of sedentary behaviors and new-onset hypertension, investigate whether genetic susceptibility to hypertension modifies the relationship, and examine the extent to which the relationship is mediated by body mass index (BMI) and grip strength. METHODS: 212 714 participants without baseline hypertension in the UK Biobank were enrolled. The three major sedentary behaviors (TV-watching, nonoccupational computer use, and driving) were measured using touch screen questionnaires. The primary outcome was new-onset hypertension. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11.9 years, 13 983 participants developed hypertension. There was a linear positive association between TV-watching time and new-onset hypertension (p for nonlinearity =0.868). A J-shaped association was found for nonoccupational computer use time and driving time with new-onset hypertension, with an inflection point of 0.5 h/day for both (both p for nonlinearity <0.001). Polygenetic risk scores for hypertension (based on 118 related single-nucleotide polymorphisms) did not significantly modify these associations (all p-interactions >0.05). Furthermore, the detrimental effects of long-term sedentary behaviors on hypertension were mediated by BMI by 21%-30%, and the beneficial effects of limited sitting time (within 0.5 h/day) for driving and nonoccupational computer use were mediated by grip strength by 6-25%. CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive association for hands-independence sedentary behavior (TV-watching), and a J-shaped association for hands-dependence sedentary behaviors (nonoccupational computer use and driving) with new-onset hypertension, regardless of genetic risks of hypertension. These relationships were partly mediated by BMI and grip strength.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Comportamento Sedentário , Humanos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Exercício Físico , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Força da Mão , Hipertensão/genéticaRESUMO
Chondroblastoma is a rare benign cartilaginous tumor mostly confined to the epiphyses and apophyses. Cases outside the epiphyseal region are exceedingly rare. Extramedullary chondroblastomas are exceptional; to our knowledge, only two cases qualified as "periosteal chondroblastoma" have been described in the literature. We report two cases of metaphyseal periosteal chondroblastoma both located on the inferior surface of the femoral neck. Both cases were paucicellular with an unusual dense sclerotic reaction. The diagnosis of chondroblastoma was supported by the expression of histone 3.3, K36M mutant in tumor cells.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Condroblastoma , Humanos , Condroblastoma/patologia , Colo do Fêmur/patologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Epífises/patologia , HistonasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term association of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and its longitudinal changes with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight/obesity. METHODS: This study included 1746 participants in the Look AHEAD trial with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. MVPA was measured at baseline, year 1, year 4 and year 8 using an RT3 accelerometer. The outcome was progression to CKD, defined as eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 with a drop of ≥30% or end-stage kidney disease. Cox hazards models were fitted to examine the association between MVPA and outcomes. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 567 participants experienced progression to CKD. Overall, there was a linear inverse association of cumulative average total MVPA (per 100 min/week higher amount, HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.96) and MVPA accumulated in bouts of ≥10 min (per 100 minutes/week higher amount, HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.91) with progression to CKD. Moreover, an increase in total MVPA from baseline to year 4 (the fourth quartile, ≥63.2 min/week) was associated with a 33% lower risk of progression to CKD compared with the largest MVPA reduction (the first quartile, <-198.3 min/week). A lower risk of progression to CKD was also observed for increases in MVPA accumulated in bouts of both <10 min and ≥10 min. CONCLUSIONS: Longer MVPA time and increases in MVPA was associated with a reduced risk of progression to CKD in adults with overweight/obesity and T2D.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Adulto , Humanos , Sobrepeso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Obesidade , Exercício Físico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , AcelerometriaRESUMO
The present report describes a rare complication named Kuhn anemia, which happened during local infiltration anesthesia of maxillary wisdom tooth. A 24-year-old male was referred for residual crown of left maxillary wisdom tooth and therefore required extraction. Oral examination revealed a buccal impacted left maxillary wisdom tooth (28), severe caries affecting the dental pulp, and pain with percussion. This case was diagnosed as impacted wisdom tooth 28 and pulpitis. Thus, the authors performed an extraction of the 28. After injection of articaine hydrochloride (68 mg:1.7 mL) containing epinephrine (1:100,000) as local anesthetic, the patient felt pain and heat in the left cheek, and an irregularly shaped pale area appeared on the left cheek. The authors stopped the surgery and comforted him. After a 30-minute break, the cheek turned normal, and abnormal sensation was no longer felt.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The relations of the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary insoluble fibers and hypertension remain uncertain. We aimed to investigate the associations between the variety and quantity of insoluble fibers intake from six major food sources and new-onset hypertension, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). METHODS: Twelve thousand one hundred thirty-one participants without hypertension at baseline from CHNS were included. Dietary intake was measured by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The variety score of insoluble fiber sources was defined as the number of insoluble fiber sources consumed at the appropriate level, accounting for both types and quantities of insoluble fibers. The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, or physician-diagnosed hypertension or receiving antihypertensive treatments during the follow-up. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 6.1 years, 4252 participants developed hypertension. There were L-shaped associations of dietary insoluble fibers derived from vegetables, beans, tubers, and fruits with new-onset hypertension; a reversed J-shaped association of whole grain-derived insoluble fiber with new-onset hypertension; and no obvious association of refined grain-derived insoluble fiber with new-onset hypertension. Therefore, refined grain was not included in the insoluble fiber variety score calculation. More importantly, a higher insoluble fiber variety score was significantly associated with lower risks of new-onset hypertension (per score increment, hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45-0.55). CONCLUSIONS: There was an inverse association between the variety of insoluble fibers with appropriate quantity from different food sources and new-onset hypertension.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/etiologia , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Verduras , Frutas , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fibras na Dieta , Grão ComestívelRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association between dietary phosphorus intake and the risk of hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relation of dietary phosphorus intake with new-onset hypertension among Chinese adults. METHODS: A total of 12,177 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. New-onset hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or diagnosed by a physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 6.1 years, 4,269 participants developed new-onset hypertension. Overall, the association between dietary phosphorus intake and new-onset hypertension followed a U-shape (P for nonlinearity<.001). Consistently, when dietary phosphorus intake was assessed as quintiles, compared with those in the 3rd to 4th quintiles (912.0-<1089.5 mg/d), a significantly higher risk of new-onset hypertension was found in participants in the 1st to 2nd quintiles (<912.0 mg/d: HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14-1.33), and the fifth quintile (≥1089.5 mg/d: HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.33). CONCLUSION: There was a U-shaped association between dietary phosphorus intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Fósforo na Dieta , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Fósforo na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Pressão Sanguínea , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
AIM: The association between serum uric acid (SUA) and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) participants remains uncertain. We aim to investigate the relations of SUA with the risk of CVD mortality among adults with and without NAFLD. METHODS: Using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2014, a total of 17,858 participants were recruited. Of these, 5767 had a US Fatty Liver Index (USFLI) ≥30 and were classified as having NAFLD. Death information was obtained from the National Death Index until 2015. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 8.3 years, 427 participants died from CVD. Overall, there was a positive association between SUA and CVD mortality among participants with NAFLD (per SD µmol/L increment, adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.68). Accordingly, among those with NAFLD, when SUA was assessed as quartiles, compared with those in the first quartile, a significantly higher risk of CVD mortality was found in participants in the fourth quartile (adjusted HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.51-4.80). However, there was no significant association between SUA and CVD mortality among participants without NAFLD (per SD µmol/L increment, adjusted HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.83-1.22). Similar trends were found for all-cause mortality. Similar results were also found when using FLI ≥ 60 to define NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: In a large and nationally representative sample of US adults, a higher SUA was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD mortality among participants with NAFLD, but not in those without NAFLD.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Ácido Úrico , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicaçõesRESUMO
AIMS: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) was a reliable marker for visceral adiposity accumulation and dysfunction. The association between VAI and nephropathy outcomes remains uncertain in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal relationships between VAI and incident nephropathy outcomes in T2DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten thousand one hundred and thirty two participants with T2DM from the ACCORD trial were included in the present study. Cumulative average VAI based on VAI measurements at baseline and follow-up was used to represent long-term VAI status. The primary outcome was the incident composite nephropathy outcome defined as: (1) serum creatinine doubling or >20 ml/min decrease in eGFR; or (2) development of macro-albuminuria; or (3) renal failure or end stage kidney disease (dialysis) or serum creatinine >3.3 mg/dl. RESULTS: During 26,168 person-years follow-up duration, 6094 (60.1%) participants developed the incident composite nephropathy outcome. When assessing cumulative average VAI as quartiles, compared with those in the 1-2 quartiles (<2.6), a significantly higher risk of incident composite nephropathy outcomes was observed among participants in the 3-4 quartiles (≥2.6, adjusted HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18). Moreover, the positive association was consistent in participants with or without single abnormal VAI components, including general obesity, abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or with different numbers of abnormal VAI components. Additionally, the positive association was stronger in participants with cumulative average systolic blood pressure <130 mmHg (vs. ≥130 mmHg; p-interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In T2DM patients, higher cumulative average VAI was associated with a higher risk of incident composite nephropathy outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT00000620.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Obesidade Abdominal/complicações , Adiposidade , Creatinina , Obesidade/complicações , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prospective associations of serum 25(OH)D, sun exposure time, and dietary vitamin D with risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) are unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the relations of serum 25(OH)D, sun exposure time, and dietary vitamin D intake with new-onset AKI and examine whether genetic susceptibility modified such associations. METHODS: A total of 413,169 participants (mean age was 56.4 y, 47.2% were male) from UK Biobank without prior AKI were included. Sun exposure time was expressed as time spent outdoors. Genetic risk scores were calculated by 263 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which showed significant associations with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The primary outcome was new-onset AKI. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the HRs and (95% CIs). RESULTS: During a median follow-up duration of 12 y, 16,938 (4.1%) participates developed new-onset AKI. Compared with those with serum 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L, significantly lower risks of new-onset AKI were found between participants with 25(OH)D 25 to <50 nmol/L (adjusted HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.80), and ≥50 nmol/L (adjusted HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.72). Moreover, in summer, participants who spent ≥4 h outdoors per day (tertile 3) had a significantly lower risk of new-onset AKI (adjusted HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.95) than those who spent <2 h outdoors per day (tertile 1). Similar results were found for time spent outdoors in winter. In addition, those in quintile 5 of dietary vitamin D intake showed a lower risk of new-onset AKI (≥4.2 µg/d, adjusted HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98) than those in quintile 1 (<1.0 µg/d). Genetic risks of kidney diseases did not significantly modify all the 3 above associations (all P-interactions >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D concentrations, time spent outdoors, and dietary vitamin D intake were all inversely associated with new-onset AKI, independent of genetic risks for kidney diseases.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Luz Solar , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Suplementos Nutricionais , Vitamina D , Calcifediol , Injúria Renal Aguda/epidemiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Estações do Ano , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of different sedentary behaviors and glucosamine use with the risk of kidney stones and examine the modification of genetic risk of kidney stones on this association. METHODS: 473,225 participants free of kidney stones at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. Total sedentary time was calculated as the sum of the duration of TV-watching, driving, and non-occupational computer using. The primary outcome was new-onset kidney stones. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 5528 cases of kidney stones were documented. All major sedentary behaviors and total sedentary time were significantly positively related to the risk of kidney stones (All P for trend<0.05). Participants with total sedentary time ≥ 3.5 h/day had a significantly higher risk of new-onset kidney stones (vs. <3.5 h/day [tertile 1]; HR, 1.18; 95%CI,1.10-1.27). Compared with non-users, participants who regularly used glucosamine had a significantly lower risk of new-onset kidney stones in those with total sedentary time < 3.5 h/day (HR, 0.72; 95%CI,0.59-0.86), but not in those with total sedentary time ≥ 3.5 h/day (HR, 0.99; 95%CI,0.91-1.08; P-interaction = 0.001). Among participants with total sedentary time < 3.5 h/day, there was a dose-response relationship of glucosamine use with new-onset kidney stones (P for trend<0.001). Genetic risks of kidney stones did not significantly modify the association. CONCLUSIONS: TV-watching, driving and non-occupational computer using were all positively associated with the risk of new-onset kidney stones. Glucosamine use was associated with a lower risk of new-onset kidney stones in participants with total sedentary time < 3.5 h/day, following a dose-response relationship.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais , Comportamento Sedentário , Adulto , Humanos , Glucosamina/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Cálculos Renais/induzido quimicamente , Cálculos Renais/epidemiologia , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The association between dietary Cu intake and mortality risk remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary Cu intake with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. A total of 17 310 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a national ongoing open cohort of Chinese participants, were included in the analysis. Dietary intake was measured by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in combination with a weighing inventory over the same 3 d. The average intakes of the 3-d dietary macronutrients and micronutrients were calculated. The study outcome was all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up of 9·0 years, 1324 (7·6 %) participants died. After adjusting for sex, age, BMI, ever alcohol drinking, ever smoking, education levels, occupations, urban or rural residents, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and the intakes of fat, protein and carbohydrate, the association between dietary Cu intake and all-cause mortality followed a J-shape (Pfor nonlinearity = 0·047). When dietary Cu intake was assessed as quartiles, compared with those in the first quartile (<1·60 mg/d), the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0·87 (95 % CI (0·71, 1·07)), 0·98 (95 % CI (0·79, 1·21)) and 1·49 (95 % CI (1·19, 1·86)), respectively, in participants in the second (1·60-<1·83 mg/d), third (1·83-<2·09 mg/d) and fourth (≥2·09 mg/d) quartiles. A series of subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses showed similar results. Overall, our findings emphasised the importance of maintaining optimal dietary Cu intake levels for prevention of premature death.
Assuntos
Cobre , População do Leste Asiático , Humanos , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Estado Nutricional , Dieta , Inquéritos Nutricionais , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The association between dietary phosphorus intake and the risk of diabetes remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relation of dietary phosphorus intake with new-onset diabetes among Chinese adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 16,272 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, or fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset diabetes. During a median follow-up of 9.0years, 1101 participants developed new-onset diabetes. Overall, the association between dietary phosphorus intake with new-onset diabetes followed a U-shape (P for nonlinearity<0.001). The risk of new-onset diabetes significantly decreased with the increment of dietary phosphorus intake (per SD increment: HR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.48-0.84) in participants with phosphorus intake <921.6 mg/day, and increased with the increment of dietary phosphorus intake (per SD increment: HR, 1.33; 95%CI, 1.16-1.53) in participants with phosphorus intake ≥921.6 mg/day. Consistently, when dietary phosphorus intake was assessed as quintiles, compared with those in the 3rd quintile (905.0-<975.4 mg/day), significantly higher risks of new-onset diabetes were found in participants in the 1st-2nd quintiles (<905.0 mg/day: HR, 1.59; 95%CI, 1.30-1.94), and 4th-5th quintiles (≥975.4 mg/day: HR, 1.46; 95%CI, 1.19-1.78). CONCLUSIONS: There was a U-shaped association between dietary phosphorus intake and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at 921.6 mg/day and a minimal risk at 905.0-975.4 mg/day of dietary phosphorus intake.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Fósforo na Dieta , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Fósforo na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Estado Nutricional , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Dieta/efeitos adversos , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
To keep pace with the demands of semiconductor integration technology, a semiconductor device should offer a small footprint. Here, we demonstrate a compact electro-optic modulator by controlling the spatial distribution of carrier density in indium tin oxide (ITO). The proposed structure is mainly composed of a symmetrical metal electrode layer, calcium fluoride dielectric layer, and an ITO propagating layer. The carrier density on the surface of the ITO exhibits a periodical distribution when the voltage is applied on the electrode, which greatly enhances the interaction between the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the ITO. This structure can not only effectively improve the modulation depth of the modulator, but also can further reduce the device size. The numerical results indicate that when the length, width, and height of the device are 14 µm, 5 µm, and 8 µm, respectively, the modulation depth can reach 37.1 dB at a wavelength of 3.66 µm. The structure can realize a broadband modulation in theory only if we select a different period of the electrode corresponding to the propagating wavelength of SPPs because the modulator is based on the scattering effect principle. This structure could potentially have high applicability for optoelectronic integration, optical communications, and optical sensors in the future.