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BACKGROUND: Seed germination is a series of ordered physiological and morphogenetic processes and a critical stage in plant life cycle. Tamarix hispida is one of the most salt-tolerant plant species; however, its seed germination has not been analysed using combined transcriptomics and metabolomics. RESULTS: Transcriptomic sequencing and widely targeted metabolomics were used to detect the transcriptional metabolic profiles of T. hispida at different stages of seed germination and young seedling growth. Transcriptomics showed that 46,538 genes were significantly altered throughout the studied development period. Enrichment study revealed that plant hormones, such as auxin, ABA, JA and SA played differential roles at varying stages of seed germination and post-germination. Metabolomics detected 1022 metabolites, with flavonoids accounting for the highest proportion of differential metabolites. Combined analysis indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis in young seedling growth, such as rhoifolin and quercetin, may improve the plant's adaptative ability to extreme desert environments. CONCLUSIONS: The differential regulation of plant hormones and the accumulation of flavonoids may be important for the seed germination survival of T. hispida in response to salt or arid deserts. This study enhanced the understanding of the overall mechanism in seed germination and post-germination. The results provide guidance for the ecological value and young seedling growth of T. hispida.
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Germinação , Tamaricaceae , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Germinação/genética , Metabolômica , Plântula/genética , Sementes/genética , Tamaricaceae/genética , TranscriptomaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present study focused on understanding the prognostic value of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1801133 (C667T) and rs1801131 (A1298C) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in March 2016. Databases, including Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane and Chinese databases (including CNKI, Wanfang and VIP), were searched to identify the relevant articles describing MTHFR polymorphisms in patients with CRC. Data regarding overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were collected and analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies with 5423 patients with CRC were included. Significant differences in OS, PFS and DFS were not observed among the different comparisons of patients carrying different alleles of the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism (including TT versus CC, TT versus CT + CC, CT + TT versus CC and CT versus CC). Compared with patients with the rs1801131 CA + AA genotypes, patients with the CC genotype had a shorter OS (hazard ratio = 1.85; 95% confidence interval = 1.30-2.65) and DFS (hazard ratio = 2.16; 95% confidence interval= 1.19-3.93). Significant differences in OS, PFS and DFS were not observed among the other patient groups (including CC versus AA, CC + CA versus AA and CA versus AA). Subgroup analysis of rs1801133 and rs1801131 showed that patients with CRC from Asian regions and Western regions demonstrated similar results. CONCLUSIONS: The MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was not associated with the prognosis of patients with CRC; however, rs1801131 may be associated with the prognosis of patients with CRC. Well-designed prospective studies are necessary to obtain a better understanding of the prognostic value of rs1801133 and rs1801131.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Razão de Chances , PrognósticoRESUMO
Tamarix taklamakanensis M. T. Liu, belonging to the genus Tamarix (family Tamaricaceae), is an endangered shrub endemic to arid basins in northwestern China. Most of species in this genus have high medicinal value. The complete chloroplast genome was reported in this study. The chloroplast genome with a total size of 156,177 bp consists of two inverted repeats (IR, 26,571 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 84,778 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 18,257 bp). Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 106 genes, including 73 protein coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. A total of 64 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome. This information will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of T. taklamakanensis in the future.
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Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Angelica, Umbelliferae. As a plant with dual-purpose as food and medicine, it has the potential for the future development of high-value functional products. The complete chloroplast genome has a total size of 147,007 bp, consisting of two inverted repeats (IR, 18,508 bp, each), and separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 92,415 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 17,576 bp). Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 128 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes (80 PCG species), 36 tRNA genes (30 tRNA species), and 8 rRNA genes (4 rRNA species). A total of 83 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome. This chloroplast genome resource will be useful for the study of the evolution and genetic diversity of Angelica keiskei in the future.
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Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge, Tibetan name 'Yajima,' growing in the highlands of China is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Chrysosplenium Saxifragaceae. As a traditional Chinese medicine, it has been used to treat digestive diseases for hundreds of years. The complete chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium nudicaule is 152,775 bp in length and comprises two inverted repeats (IR, 25,962 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC, 83,533 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC, 17,318 bp). It harbors 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 transfer RNA genes. In addition, the rpl32 gene was deleted. The GC content of the whole chloroplast genome is 37.54%. This chloroplast genome resource will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of C. nudicaule in the future.
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Chrysosplenium sangzhiense Hong Liu, a new species from Hunan, China, is described and illustrated. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new species belongs to subgen. Chrysosplenium and is closely related to C. grayanum, C. nepalense and C. sinicum. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n = 46, indicating a novel basic number x = 23 in Chrysosplenium that is different from other species. This also suggests that C. sangzhiense is probably an allopolyploid derivative of a species with x = 11 and one with x = 12. Morphologically, C. sangzhiense can be easily distinguished from C. grayanum, C. nepalense, C. sinicum and C. cavaleriei, a species not included in our phylogenetic analysis by a suite of characters relating to the sterile shoots, basal leaves, cauline leaves, flowering stem, sepals, disc, capsule and seed. A global conservation assessment is performed, and classifies C. sangzhiense as Least Concern (LC).
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Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss. is a deciduous shrub belonging to the genus Halimodendron, Leguminosae, and is mainly distributed in dry areas. This species can be used for saline-alkali soil improvement and sand fixation. The complete plastid genome of H. halodendron first reported here is 129,342 bp in length, and contains 110 genes, including 76 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. A total of 105 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome. This information will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of Halimodendron halodendron in the future.
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Oxytropis glabra DC. is a perennial poisonous plant to livestock belonging to the genus Oxytropis, Leguminosae, mainly distributed in Northwestern China. As a poisonous grass, this species protects plant diversity in degraded grasslands by sheltering adjacent plants. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome with a total size of 122,094 bp was reported. Our annotations showed that the chloroplast genome contains 109 genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. This work presents complete chloroplast genome information, which will be valuable for studying the evolution and genetic diversity of O. glabra.
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Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family of Zygophyllaceae, and is grows in semi-arid climates, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Inner Mongolia in China, and also Middle East and North Africa. This species is of high medicinal value. The complete chloroplast genome was reported in this study. The chloroplast genome with a total size of 159,957 bp consists of two inverted repeats (IR, 26,550 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 88,098 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 18,759 bp). Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. A total of 90 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome. This information will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of Peganum harmala in the future.
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Thermopsis turkestanica Gand. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Thermopsis, Leguminosae, and is mainly distributed in dry areas. Most of the species in this genus have high medicinal value. The complete chloroplast genome was reported in this study. The chloroplast genome with a total size of 149,551 bp consists of two inverted repeats (IRs, 24,159 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 83,692 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 17,541 bp). Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 110 genes, including 77 protein coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. This information will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of Thermopsis turkestanica in the future.
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Populus euphratica Oliv., one of tall arbors growing in desert areas, has great stress resistance. The complete chloroplast genome was reported in this study using the PacBio Sequel Platform. The chloroplast genome with a total size of 157,881 bp consisted of two inverted repeats (IRs) (27,666 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (85,906 bp) and a small single-copy region (16,643 bp). Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 111 genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. The information of the chloroplast genome will be useful for study on the evolution of P. euphratica in the future.
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Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Sphaerophysa, Galegeae, Leguminosae, and is mainly distributed in dry areas in Central Asia and Northwest China. The complete chloroplast genome with a total size of 123,300 bp was reported in this study. Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 109 genes, including 76 protein coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. A total of 107 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from mononucleotide to hexa-nucleotide repeat motif were identified in the chloroplast genome. This information will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of Sphaerophysa salsula in the future.
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Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Alhagi, Leguminosae. This species is of high nutritional, medicinal and ecological values. The complete chloroplast genome was 128,418 bp and lost an IR (inverted repeat) region. Further annotation revealed the chloroplast genome contains 108 genes, including 75 protein coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. A total of 103 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the chloroplast genome. This chloroplast genome resource will be useful for study on the evolution and genetic diversity of A. sparsifolia in the future.
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The complete chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim. and Chrysosplenium alternifolium L. were reported in this study. The chloroplast genomes were 153,460 bp for C. ramosum and 152,619 bp for C. alternifolium. LSC and SSC of 83,670 bp and 17,342 bp were separated by two IRs of 26,224 bp each in C. ramosum. While C. alternifolium contained IRs of 25,992 bp, LSC of 83,524 bp and SSC of 17,111 bp. The chloroplast genome of C. ramosum contains 112 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 transfer RNA genes. And the chloroplast genome of C. alternifolium contains 112 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 transfer RNA genes. In addition, the rps12 gene was recognized as a trans-spliced gene and 17 intron-containing genes were also detected.
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The complete chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv. and Chrysosplenium flagelliferum Fr. Schmidt. were reported in this study. The chloroplast genomes were 152,837 bp for C. macrophyllum and 151,679 bp for C. flagelliferum. LSC and SSC of 83,584 bp and 17,265 bp were separated by two IRs of 25,994 bp each in C. macrophyllum. While C. flagelliferum contained IRs of 25,973 bp, LSC of 82,772 bp and SSC of 16,961 bp, for a total 151,679 bp length. The chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium macrophyllum contains 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (78 PCG species), 8 ribosomal RNA genes (4 rRNA species), 37 transfer RNA genes (30 tRNA species). And the chloroplast genome of Chrysosplenium flagelliferum contains 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (78 PCG species), 8 ribosomal RNA genes (4 rRNA species), 37 transfer RNA genes (30 tRNA species).
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effect and mechanism of i-type lysozyme on cutaneous wound healing animal model and Multiple cell models both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Therefore, to evaluate its regenerative efficacy on wound healing process, we daily applied i-type lysozyme on murine full-thickness excisional wounds. After sacrifice on indicated days, skin tissues around surgical defects were harvested and assessed for re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, neovascularization and remodeling. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, i-type lysozyme was analyzed for its tissue regenerative potency on the proliferation, invasion, migration and tube formation against keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Antioxidant and antimicrobial experiments were also conducted to elucidate protective ability of i-type lysozyme to wound bed. RESULTS: It displayed excellent bi-directional regulation in wound repair, with significant acceleration of epidermal and dermal regeneration as well as the efficient attenuation of excessive collagen deposition and fibrosis in the surgical lesion. I-type lysozyme treatment augmented the proliferation and migration of HaCaT, NIH 3T3 and HUVECs, enhanced the invasion of HaCaT and HUVECs as well as accelerated tube formation of HUVECs. Additionally, it significantly recovered the proliferation of H2O2-damaged cells, whereas represented no microbicidal effect under effective concentration of wound healing. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the bi-directional regulation of i-type lysozyme in wound healing process through promoting tissue regeneration while hampering scar formation, implying that it is a promising therapeutic agent for wound repair.