The MAPK-Alfin-like 7 module negatively regulates ROS scavenging genes to promote NLR-mediated immunity.

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor-mediated immunity includes rapid production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transcriptional reprogramming, which is controlled by transcription factors (TFs). Although some TFs have been reported to participate in NLR-mediated immune response, most TFs are transcriptional activators, and whether and how transcriptional repressors regulate NLR-mediated plant defenses remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the Alfin-like 7 (AL7) interacts with N NLR and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Knockdown and knockout of AL7 compromise N NLR-mediated resistance against tobacco mosaic virus, whereas AL7 overexpression enhances defense, indicating a positive regulatory role for AL7 in immunity. AL7 binds to the promoters of ROS scavenging genes to inhibit their transcription during immune responses. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK), and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK) directly interact with and phosphorylate AL7, which impairs the AL7-N interaction and enhances its DNA binding activity, which promotes ROS accumulation and enables immune activation. In addition to N, AL7 is also required for the function of other Toll interleukin 1 receptor/nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeats (TNLs) including Roq1 and RRS1-R/RPS4. Our findings reveal a hitherto unknown MAPK-AL7 module that negatively regulates ROS scavenging genes to promote NLR-mediated immunity.

Involvement of brassinosteroids and abscisic acid in spikelet degeneration in rice under soil drying during meiosis.

Spikelet degeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a serious physiological defect, and can be regulated by soil moisture status and phytohormones. This study investigated the possibility that brassinosteroids (BRs) in collaboration with abscisic acid (ABA) are involved in mediating the effect of soil drying during meiosis on spikelet degeneration in rice. Three rice cultivars were field grown and three irrigation regimes including well watered (WW), moderate soil drying (MD), and severe soil drying (SD) were imposed during meiosis. MD significantly decreased spikelet degeneration in comparison with WW, due mainly to the alleviation in oxidative damage via enhancing ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle activity in young panicles, and SD exhibited the opposite effects. Enhanced AsA-GSH cycle strength, decreased oxidative stress, and spikelet degeneration rate were closely associated with the synergistically elevated BR and ABA levels in young panicles in MD. In contrast, low BR and excessive ABA levels led to an increase in spikelet degeneration in SD. The three cultivars exhibited the same tendencies. The intrinsic link among AsA-GSH cycle, oxidative stress, spikelet degeneration rate, and BR and ABA levels was further verified by using transgenic rice lines and chemical regulators. BRs or ABA play a unique role in regulating spikelet degeneration. Synergistically increased BR and ABA levels in MD could work together to strengthen AsA-GSH cycle activity, leading to a reduction in oxidative damage and spikelet degeneration. On the other hand, a severe imbalance between low BR and excessive ABA levels may have contributed to the opposite effects in SD.

Eight-Membered Palladacycle Intermediate Enabled Synthesis of Cyclic Biarylphosphonates.

Transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions that involve the direct functionalization of insert C-H bond represent one of the most efficient strategies for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Herein, a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-H bond arylation of triaryl phosphates is reported to access seven-membered cyclic biarylphosphonate targets. The reaction is achieved via a unique eight-membered palladacyclic intermediate and shows good functional group compatibility. Meanwhile, the product can be readily converted into other valuable phosphate compounds.

Prognostic value of serum high-mobility group box 1 in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in neonatal encephalopathy (NE). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted, analyzing 216 neonates diagnosed with NE. The neonates were divided into two groups based on their outcomes at 28 days. Serum HMGB1 levels were compared between the two groups. ROC analysis was used to determine the predictive value of HMGB1. RESULTS: At 28 days, 174 infants had a good prognosis, while 42 had a poor prognosis. Infants with a poor prognosis had higher serum HMGB1 concentrations within 24 h of birth. Multifactorial analysis revealed that extremely preterm birth, extremely low birth weight, an Apgar score of 0-3 at 5 min, premature rupture of membranes by the mother, moderate to severe NE, and serum HMGB1 > 6.14 ng/mL are independent risk factors for poor prognosis. HMGB1 has predictive value for short-term prognosis with an area under the curve of 0.79. Elevated HMGB1 levels in the acute phase of NE are associated with poor short-term neonatal outcomes. The decrease in HMGB1 concentrations over time correlates with a good prognosis; whereas an increase suggests a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Early measurement of serum HMGB1 could aid in the prognostic assessment of neonates with NE. IMPACT STATEMENT: Although serum HMGB1 has emerged as a potential predictor of neonatal outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy, the relationship of HMGB1 levels to neonatal encephalopathy severity remains unclear. The current results demonstrate that infants with a poor prognosis had higher serum HMGB1 concentrations within 24 h of birth. Importantly, elevated serum HMGB1 levels in the acute phase of neonatal encephalopathy are associated with poor short-term neonatal outcomes. Our findings reveal the clinical values of HMGB1 in the prediction of neonatal outcomes in NE patients.

A promising electrochemical sensor based on PVP-induced shape control of a hydrothermally synthesized layered structured vanadium disulfide for the sensitive detection of a sulfamethoxazole antibiotic.

The presence of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in natural waters has become a significant concern recently because of its detrimental effects on human health and the ecological environment. To address this issue, it is of utmost urgency to develop a reliable method that can determine SMX at ultra-low levels. In our research, we utilized PVP-induced shape control of a hydrothermal synthesis method to fabricate layer-like structured VS2, and employed it as an electrode modification material to prepare an electrochemical sensor for the sensitive determination of SMX. Thus, our prepared VS2 electrodes exhibited a linear range of 0.06-10.0 µM and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 47.0 nM (S/N = 3) towards SMX detection. Additionally, the electrochemical sensor presented good agreement with the HPLC method, and afforded perfect recovery results (97.4-106.8%) in the practical analysis. The results validated the detection accuracy of VS2 electrodes, and demonstrated their successful applicability toward the sensitive determination of SMX in natural waters. In conclusion, this research provides a promising approach for the development of electrochemical sensors based on VS2 composite materials.

The Substitution of Rare-Earth Gd in BaScCuTe3 Realizing the Band Degeneracy and the Point-Defect Scattering toward Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance.

Zintl compounds have continuously received significant attention, primarily due to their structural characteristics that align with the properties of the electron crystal and phonon glass. In this study, the crystal structure and thermoelectric properties of the quaternary Zintl chalcogenide BaScCuTe3 are investigated. The band structure calculations for BaScCuTe3 reveal a slight energy split of 0.08 eV between the second valence band and the valence band maximum, suggesting the presence of multiband-transport behaviors. Substitution of rare earth Gd for Sc is conducted, which significantly increases the hole concentration from 4.1 × 1019 cm-3 to 8.2 × 1019 cm-3 at room temperature. Meanwhile, the Seebeck coefficient increases because of the participation of the second valence band. A maximum power factor of 6.56 µW/cm·K2 at 773 K is obtained, which is 72% higher than that of the pristine sample. Moreover, the lattice thermal conductivity decreases from 0.57 W/m·K for BaScCuTe3 to 0.48 W/m·K for BaSc0.97Gd0.03CuTe3 at 773 K, owing to the introduction of point-defect scattering. As a result, there is a noteworthy improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit zT, increasing from 0.44 for the undoped sample to 0.85 for BaSc0.98Gd0.02CuTe3. Considering these findings, BaScCuTe3 exhibits great potential and holds promise for further investigation in the field of thermoelectric materials.

Decision-Making Error in Platelet Transfusion Caused by EDTA-Dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia: a Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP) is a rare phenomenon characterized by pseudo low platelet counts when using EDTA as anticoagulant and can result in false decision making of platelet transfusion. METHODS: An application for platelet transfusion from a patient who planned to undergo spinal surgery was received by the Department of Transfusion service. The preoperative laboratory test results showed thrombocytopenia (platelet counts: 27 x 109/L). The surgeon planned to transfuse platelets before the operation to avoid bleeding in operation due to thrombocytopenia. However, the lab technologist found that there was aggregation of platelets under the microscope. Samples used with sodium citrate and heparin as anticoagulants were rechecked. RESULTS: The platelet count of the patient was normal in sodium citrate and heparin anticoagulant tubes. The patient had no history and clinical symptoms of thrombocytopenia. Therefore, the doctor canceled the platelet order. We also reviewed the relevant literature of EDTA-PTCP. CONCLUSIONS: EDTA-PTCP is rare and may result of a wrong decision of platelet transfusion. Correct understanding and treatment of this situation can avoid unnecessary platelet transfusion.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Intraoperative Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Blood shortage is a global challenge, impacting elective surgeries with high bleeding risk. Predicting intraoperative blood use, optimizing resource allocation, and ensuring safe elective surgery are vital. This study targets identifying key bleeding risk factors in Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR) through machine learning. METHODS: Data from 702 AVR patients were split into 70% training and 30% test sets. Thirteen models predicted RBC transfusion. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analyzed risk factors. RESULTS: Logistic Regression excelled, with Area Under Curve (AUC) 0.872 and 81.0% accuracy on the test set. Notably, female gender, Hemoglobin (HGB) < 131.91 g/L, Hematocrit (HCT) < 0.41L/L, weight < 59.49 kg, age > 54.47 year, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) < 29.15 pg, Total Protein (TP) > 69.7 g/L, FIB > 2.61 g/L, height < 160 cm, and type of operation is Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR) were significant RBC transfusion predictors. CONCLUSIONS: The study's model accurately forecasts AVR-related RBC transfusions. This informs presurgery blood preparations, reducing resource waste and aiding clinicians in optimizing patient care.

Effect and mechanism of freezing on the quality and structure of soymilk gel induced by different salt ions.

BACKGROUND: The increasing attention toward frozen soy-based foods has sparked interest. Variations exist in the quality and structure of soymilk gels induced by different salt ions, leading to diverse changes post-freezing. This study compared and analyzed the effects of calcium chloride (CC), magnesium chloride (MC) and calcium sulfate (CS) on the quality characteristics and protein structure changes of soymilk gels (CC-S, MC-S and CS-S) before and after freezing, and clarified the mechanisms of freezing on soymilk gel. RESULTS: The formation rate of soymilk gel is influenced by the type of salt ions. In comparison to CS and MC, soymilk gel induced by CC exhibited the fastest formation rate, highest gel hardness, lowest moisture content, and smaller gel pores. However, freezing treatment deteriorated the quality of soymilk gel induced by different salt ions, leading to a decline in textural properties (hardness and chewiness). Among these, the textual state of CC-induced soymilk gel remained optimal, exhibiting the least apparent damage and minimal cooking loss. Freezing treatments prompt a transition of soymilk gel secondary structure from ß-turns to ß-sheets, disrupting the protein's tertiary structure. Furthermore, freezing treatments also fostered the crosslinking between soymilk gel protein, increasing the content of disulfide bonds. CONCLUSION: The quality of frozen soymilk gel is influenced by the rate of gel formation induced by salt ions. After freezing, soymilk gel with faster gelation rates exhibited a greater tendency for the transformation of protein-water interactions into protein-protein interactions. They showed a higher degree of disulfide bond formation, resulting in a more tightly knit and firm frozen gel network structure with denser and more uniformly distributed pores. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Highly Accurate and Robust Absolute Quantification of Target Proteins in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Tissues by LC-MS.

Accurate, absolute liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based quantification of target proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues would greatly expand sample availability for pharmaceutical/clinical investigations but remains challenging owing to the following issues: (i) efficient/quantitative recovery of target signature peptides from FFPE tissues is essential but an optimal procedure for targeted, absolute quantification is lacking; (ii) most FFPE samples are long-term-stored; severe immunohistochemistry (IHC) signal losses of target proteins during storage were widely reported, while the effect of storage on LC-MS-based methods was unknown; and (iii) the proper strategy to prepare calibration/quality-control samples to ensure accurate targeted protein analysis in FFPE tissues remained elusive. Using targeted quantification of monoclonal antibody (mAb), antigen, and 40 tissue markers in FFPE tissues as a model system, we extensively investigate those issues and develope an LC-MS-based strategy enabling accurate and precise targeted protein quantification in FFPE samples. First, we demonstrated a surfactant cocktail-based procedure (f-SEPOD), providing high/reproducible recovery of target signature peptides from FFPE tissues. Second, a heat-accelerated degradation study within a roughly estimated 5 year storage period recapitulated the loss of protein IHC signals while LC-MS signals of all targets remained constant. This indicates that the storage of FFPE tissues mainly causes decreased immunoreactivity but unlikely chemical degradation of proteins, which strongly suggests that the storage of FFPE tissues does not cause significant quantitative bias for LC-MS-based methods. Third, while a conventional spike-and-extract approach for calibration caused substantial negative biases, a novel approach, using FFPE-treated calibration standards, enabled accurate and precise quantification. With the pipeline, we conducted the first-ever pharmacokinetics measurement of mAb and its target in FFPE tissues, where time courses by FFPE vs fresh tissues showed excellent correlation.

High mobility group A3 enhances transcription of the DNA demethylase gene SlDML2 to promote tomato fruit ripening.

DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. Although SlDML2, a DNA demethylase (DML) gene, is critically involved in tomato fruit ripening, little is known about genes that regulate its expression. Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified a High Mobility Group A protein, named SlHMGA3, and demonstrated its binding activity to the AT-rich region of the SlDML2 promoter. We produced slhmga3 tomato mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 and observed that slhmga3 fruit reached the breaker stage much later than fruit from the wild-type. We further demonstrated that at the initiation stage of fruit ripening, the increased expression of SlDML2 and ethylene biosynthetic and signaling genes was significantly delayed in slhmga3 fruit, along with delays in ethylene production and demethylation and activation of ripening-associated transcription factor genes. Our results demonstrate that SlHMGA3 plays a role in enhancing SlDML2 expression, and its effects on tomato fruit ripening are largely through DNA demethylation of ripening-associated transcription factor genes.

Effects of exercise intensity on spatial memory performance and hippocampal synaptic function in SAMP8 mice.

Learning and memory impairment is commonly noted in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is regarded as a progressive synaptic failure disease. Exercise is a nonpharmacological strategy that may help prevent cognitive decline and reduce the risk of AD, which is usually thought to be related to synaptic damage in the hippocampus. However, the effects of exercise intensity on hippocampal memory and synaptic function in AD remain unclear. In this study, senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were randomly assigned to the control group (Con), low-intensity exercise group (Low), and moderate-intensity exercise group (Mid). Here, we showed that eight weeks of treadmill exercise beginning in four-month-old mice improved spatial memory and recognition memory in six-month-old SAMP8 mice, while the Con group exhibited impaired spatial memory and recognition memory. Treadmill exercise also improved hippocampal neuron morphology in SAMP8 mice. Furthermore, dendritic spine density and the levels of postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95) and Synaptophysin (SYN) increased significantly in the Low and Mid groups as compared with the Con group. We further showed that moderate-intensity exercise (60 % of maximum speed) was more efficacious in increasing dendritic spine density、PSD95 and SYN, than low-intensity exercise (40 % of maximum speed). In conclusion, the positive effect of treadmill exercise is closely related to exercise intensity, with moderate-intensity exercise showing the most optimal effects.

circRNA mannosidase alpha class 1A member 2 contributes to the proliferation and motility of papillary thyroid cancer cells through upregulating metadherin via absorbing microRNA-449a.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common malignancy in endocrine system globally. Accumulating articles have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) were dysregulated, and they were involved in PTC development. The aim of this project was to explore the function and associated mechanism of circRNA mannosidase alpha class 1A member 2 (circMAN1A2) in PTC progression. The expression of RNA was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation ability was analyzed by colony formation assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Protein levels were determined by Western blot assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were applied to confirm the interaction between microRNA-449a (miR-449a) and circMAN1A2 or metadherin (MTDH). Xenograft tumor model was utilized to explore the effect of circMAN1A2 silencing on tumor growth in vivo . CircMAN1A2 expression was elevated in PTC specimens and three PTC cell lines relative to adjacent normal specimens and Nthy-ori 3-1 cell line. CircMAN1A2 silencing inhibited the proliferation and motility of PTC cells. CircMAN1A2 acted as a molecular sponge of miR-449a, and circMAN1A2 knockdown suppressed PTC development partly through upregulating miR-449a. MiR-449a bound to the 3' untranslated region of MTDH, and miR-449a restrained PTC progression partly through down-regulating MTDH. CircMAN1A2 interference suppressed PTC progression in vivo . CircMAN1A2 contributed to the proliferation ability and motility of PTC cells through enhancing MTDH expression via sponging miR-449a.

STING-IFN-I pathway relieves incision induced acute postoperative pain via inhibiting the neuroinflammation in dorsal root ganglion of rats.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to study the effect of STING-IFN-I pathway on incision induced postoperative pain in rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The pain thresholds were evaluated by measuring the mechanical withdrawal threshold and the thermal withdrawal latency. The satellite glial cell and macrophage of DRG were analyzed. The expression of STING, IFN-a, P-P65, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 in DRG was evaluated. RESULTS: The activation of STING-IFN-I pathway can reduce the mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, down-regulate the expression of P-P65, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6, and inhibit the activation of satellite glial cell and macrophage in DRG. CONCLUSIONS: The activation of STING-IFN-I pathway can alleviate incision induced acute postoperative pain by inhibiting the activation of satellite glial cell and macrophage, which reducing the corresponding neuroinflammation in DRG.

Copper-catalyzed 4-HO-TEMPOH mediated phosphorylation of alkenes.

An efficient, practical and regioselective synthesis of (E)-alkenylphosphine oxides has been developed starting from alkenes under copper catalysis and 4-HO-TEMPOH oxidation. Preliminary mechanistic studies clearly reveal that a phosphinoyl radical is involved in this process. Moreover, this method features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and excellent regioselectivity and also promises to be efficient for the late-stage functionalization of drug molecular skeletons. The reaction will create an opportunity for the synthesis of complex phosphorus containing bioactive molecules.

TNF-α Mediated the Disruption of Hepatic Tight Junction Expression in Blood-Biliary Barrier of Colitis via Downregulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Hepatocyte tight junctions (TJ) constituted blood-biliary barrier is the most important hepatic barrier for separating bile from the bloodstream, disruption or dysfunction of TJ barrier is involved in hepatobiliary manifestations of colitis, but the underlying mechanism is still not clear. This study aims to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on hepatic TJ protein expression in blood-biliary barrier and identify its role in the pathogenesis of acute colitis-related cholestasis. Acute colitis rat model was induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) intra-colonic administration. TJs expression of blood-biliary barrier was tested in colitis rats, the serum TNF-α level was also determined in order to elucidate the correlation of TNF-α and TJs. HepaRG cells were used to investigate the effect of TNF-α on TJs, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway were also evaluated in rats and TNF-α treated HepaRG cells. Acute colitis was induced in rats at 5 d post TNBS, which is accompanied with cholestasis-like alteration. Serum TNF-α level was increased in colitis rats and positively correlated with the alteration of total bile acids and bilirubin, marked decrease in TJs was found in TNF-α treated HepaRG cells and the rats, down-regulated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were also identified in TNF-α treated HepaRG cells and the rats. The study concluded that serum TNF-α mediated the down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which contributed to the reduction of TJ protein expression in acute colitis-related intrahepatic cholestasis. These findings suggest that TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of colitis.

Comparison of the Metabolomics of Different Dendrobium Species by UPLC-QTOF-MS.

Dendrobium Sw. (family Orchidaceae) is a renowned edible and medicinal plant in China. Although widely cultivated and used, less research has been conducted on differential Dendrobium species. In this study, stems from seven distinct Dendrobium species were subjected to UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. A total of 242 metabolites were annotated, and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to explore the variance in the extracted metabolites across the various groups. The analysis demonstrated that D. nobile displays conspicuous differences from other species of Dendrobium. Specifically, D. nobile stands out from the remaining six taxa of Dendrobium based on 170 distinct metabolites, mainly terpene and flavonoid components, associated with cysteine and methionine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and galactose metabolism. It is believed that the variations between D. nobile and other Dendrobium species are mainly attributed to three metabolite synthesis pathways. By comparing the chemical composition of seven species of Dendrobium, this study identified the qualitative components of each species. D. nobile was found to differ significantly from other species, with higher levels of terpenoids, flavonoids, and other compounds that are for the cardiovascular field. By comparing the chemical composition of seven species of Dendrobium, these qualitative components have relevance for establishing quality standards for Dendrobium.

[Correlation Between Initial Postoperative Hemoglobin Value and Prognosis in Non-Cardiac Surgery Patients Receiving Intraoperative Blood Transfusion].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between initial (within 24 hours) postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) value and prognosis in non-cardiac surgery patients receiving intraoperative blood transfusion, and to provide support for sensible blood use in surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients aged 18 or older who underwent non-cardiac surgeries and who received intraoperative blood transfusion at West China Hospital, Sichuan University from 2012 to 2018. According to their initial postoperative Hb levels, the patients were divided into 6 groups, including Hb<75 g/L, 75 g/L≤Hb<85 g/L, 85 g/L≤Hb<95 g/L, 95 g/L≤Hb<105 g/L, 105 g/L≤Hb<115 g/L, and Hb≥115 g/L goups. Multivariate linear regression was performed to examine the differences in the length-of-stay between the groups and binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the differences between the groups in inpatient mortality, the rate of patient voluntary discharge against medical advice, incidence of acute ischemic injury, including acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction, and length-of-stay longer than 28 days. In addition, the effects of multiple interactions between initial postoperative Hb and the types of surgery, the amount of intraoperative red blood cell infusion (red blood cell<8 U vs. red blood cell≥8 U), and preoperative anemia status (Hb<100 g/L vs. Hb≥100 g/L) on postoperative length-of-stay were analyzed. Results: A total of 7528 patients were included in this study. Compared to those of the reference group, the 95 g/L≤Hb<105 g/L group, the length-of-stay of patients with initial postoperative Hb<75 g/L increased and the mortality (odds ratio [ OR]=2.562) and the rate of voluntary discharge against medical advice ( OR=1.681) increased significantly. Patients in the 75 g/L≤Hb<85 g/L group had increased length-of-stay and increased incidence of acute ischemic injury ( OR=1.778) relative to the reference group. The interaction analysis showed that there was significant interaction between initial postoperative Hb and the types of surgery, which influenced the postoperative length-of-stay. Conclusion: In non-cardiac surgery patients who have receive blood transfusion, initial postoperative Hb<85 g/L is associated with poorer prognosis. However, those patients with higher initial postoperative Hb did not gain more benefits, suggesting that 85 g/L≤Hb<95 g/L may be the target Hb value for sensible intraoperative transfusion.

The Crosstalk between the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation after General Anaesthesia.

As we know, with continuous medical progress, the treatment of many diseases can be conducted via surgery, which often relies on general anaesthesia for its satisfactory performance. With the widespread use of general anaesthetics, people are beginning to question the safety of general anaesthesia and there is a growing interest in central nervous system (CNS) complications associated with anaesthetics. Recently, abundant evidence has suggested that both blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and neuroinflammation play roles in the development of CNS complications after anaesthesia. Whether there is a crosstalk between BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation after general anaesthesia, and whether this possible crosstalk could be a therapeutic target for CNS complications after general anaesthesia needs to be clarified by further studies.

Highly Strengthened and Toughened Zn-Li-Mn Alloys as Long-Cycling Life and Dendrite-Free Zn Anode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) using aqueous electrolyte, recently, have been a hot topic owing to the high safety, low cost, and high specific energy capacity. However, the formation of dendrite and side reactions on the Zn anode during cycling inhibit the application of ZIBs. An advanced Zn anode by alloying a small amount of Li and Mn with Zn is hereby reported. It is found that Li and Mn can form cationic ions which restrain lateral diffusion of Zn ions and regulate zinc electrodeposition through the electrostatic shield mechanism. As a result, the formation of Zn dendrite is greatly inhibited. This process also mitigates the formation of Zn-based byproduct and Zn passivation. Consequently, the symmetric ZnLiMn/ZnLiMn cell presents a small overpotential of 30 mV at 1 mA cm-2 , greatly enhanced cycling durability (1000 h at a current density of 1 mA cm-2 ), and a dendrite-free morphology after cycles. Moreover, the authors find that the ZnLiMn alloy has greatly enhanced mechanical properties. The assembled ZnLiMn/MnO2 full cell can retain 96% capacity after 400 cycles at 1 C. Thus, the alloying low-cost Li/Mn strategy is very promising for large-scale production of dendrite-free Zn electrode in rechargeable ZIBs.