[Mechanism of Liangfu Pills in treatment of functional dyspepsia: based on network pharmacology and experimental verification].

This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of Liangfu Pills in the treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, and verify the mechanism by animal experiment. The active components of Liangfu Pills were screened from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), and the targets of Liangfu Pills were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction. The targets of FD were retrieved from GeneCards. On this basis, the common targets of the disease and the pills were yielded and the protein interaction was retrieved based on STRING. The core targets were screened out, followed by Gene Oncology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis with DAVID. Finally, molecular docking was carried out with the help of AutoDock Tools to predict the binding degree between the effective components of Liangfu Pills and core targets. A total of 19 active components of Liangfu Pills and 591 FD-related targets were screened out by network pharmacology, of which 253 were common targets of the disease and the prescription. Liangfu Pills was mainly involved in the biological processes of response to drug, negative regulation of transcription, positive regulation of apoptotic process, and cell surface receptor signaling pathway, and the KEGG pathways of hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) signaling pathway, calcium signal pathway, and inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential(TRP) channels. The results of molecular docking showed that the key active components of Liangfu Pills had certain binding activity to the targets mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1), protein kinase B(AKT1), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1(TRPV1), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1 A(HTR1 A), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2 A(HTR2 A). FD was induced in rats, and then Liangfu Pills was given to FD rats for 7 days. The results showed that Liangfu Pills could significantly relieve the symptoms of FD rats, significantly increase the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), and down-regulate the expression of TRPV1. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification, this study proved that Liangfu Pills improved FD through multiple components and multiple targets. The result lays a basis for further research on the mechanism and clinical application of Liangfu Pills in the treatment of FD.

Four Pentasaccharide Resin Glycosides from Argyreia acuta.

Four pentasaccharide resin glycosides, acutacoside F-I (1-4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Argyreia acuta. These compounds were characterized as a group of macrolactones of operculinic acid A, and their lactonization site of 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid was esterified at the second saccharide moiety (Rhamnose) at C-2. The absolute configuration of the aglycone was S. Their structures were elucidated by established spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Four new pentasaccharide resin glycosides from Ipomoea cairica with strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Six pentasaccharide resin glycosides from Ipomoea cairica, including four new acylated pentasaccharide resin glycosides, namely cairicoside I-IV (1-4) and the two known compounds cairicoside A (5) and cairicoside C (6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Ipomoea cairica. Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic, including two dimensional (2D) NMR and chemical methods. The core of the six compounds was simonic acid A, and they were esterfied the same sites, just differing in the substituent groups. The lactonization site of the aglycone was bonded to the second saccharide moiety at C-2 in 1-4, and at C-3 in 5-6. Compounds 1 and 5, 4 and 6 were two pairs of isomers. The absolute configuration of the aglycone in 1-6 which was (11S)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (jalapinolic acid) was established by Mosher's method. Compounds 1-4 have been evaluated for inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, which all showed inhibitory activities.

[Studies on structure characteristic of polysaccharide P1A from Dicliptera chinensis].

The chemical structures of P1 A was identified by complete acid hydrolysis, partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, methylation analysis, IR and NMR. The results showed that P1 A had a backbone consisting rhamnose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The side chain possessed arabinose and xylose. 1-->, 1-->6 and non-reducing terminal linkages existed in polysaccharide P1A, but there are doubling amount of 1-->2 and 1-->4 linkages. Oxidable linkage of P1 A accounted for 45%, and inoxidable linkage of P1A accounted for 55%. Mannose, glucose and galactose were mainly linked by 1-->2 linkage. Rhamnose, arabinose and xylose were mainly linked by 1-->2 and 1-->4 linkages. PlA contained beta-Glc(1,6)-,beta-Gal(1,3)-,beta-Man(1,4)-beta-Rha,-Glc(1,4)-, Glc(1)-,-Gal(1,4)- and Man(1)-.

[Chemical constituents from the tubers of Ipomoea batata].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents from the tubers of Ipomoea batata. METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by solvent extraction together with various chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical property and spectral data. RESULTS: 6 compounds were identified from the CHCl3 extract as Batatinoside I (1), citrusin C(2), octadecyl caffeate (3), beta-amyrin acetate (4), caffeic acid (5), scopoletin (6). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is isolated from Ipomoea batata for the first time.

A novel alkaloid glycoside isolated from Atalantia buxifolia.

From the dried root and rhizomes of Atalantia buxifolia afford 11 compounds, one new compound 1 and ten known compounds 2-11 were isolated and identified. The novel compound 1 was alkaloid glycoside. Its mother nuclear was the acridone, which was relatively rare. The structure of compound 1 was established identified by spectrum and elucidated as ß-D-Glu-4,5-dimethoxy-1,6-dihydroxy-10-methyl-acridone. The compound 1 enriched the compound library and laid the material foundation for the subsequent study of pharmacological activities.

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Dryopteris fragrans].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Dryopteris fragrans. METHODS: The constituents of CHCl3-soluble portion and ethyl acetate-soluble portion from the alcohol extract were isolated and purified by means of chromatography. All the compounds were identified by their physical characteristics and spectral features. RESULTS: Five compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (I), rutin (II), quercetin (III), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-pyranglucoside (IV) and 5,7-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl chromone (V). CONCLUSION: Compounds II - V are isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Simulation study of anti-hypoxia active fraction of Xiangdan injection by support vector machine].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-hypoxia active fraction of Xiangdan injection. METHODS: The anti-hypoxia experiment under normal pressure with mice was adopted on the basis of orthogonal design, and a support vector machine model was established for pharmacodynamics prediction of TCM prescriptions. Moreover, the anti-hypoxia active fraction of Xiangdan injection was determined by experimental confirmation. RESULTS: The prediction model established in this study could predict the drug actions of different formulas. CONCLUSION: As indicated in model prediction and experimental confirmation, the pharmacodynamic actions of several formulas are superior to that of the original formula, and ADE has the best effect.

[Studies on chemical constituents from Ipomoea batatas].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of Ipomoea batatas. METHODS: Silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 were used to separate and purify the compounds from the EtOAc and n-BuOH soluble fraction of ethanol extracts. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physic-chemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS: Four compounds were isolated and identify as citrusin C (1), caffeicacid (2), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboylic acid (4). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-4 are isolated for the first time from I. batatas.

Three resin glycosides isolated from Argyreia acuta, including two isomers.

In the present study, three compounds were isolated from Argyreia acuta, among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new and Compounds 1 and 3 were isomers. They were separated by several types of columns, such as normal phase, RP, size exclusion and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by several spectroscopic methods, such as 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-TOF-MS.

Three new resin glycosides compounds from Argyreia acuta and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Three new phenolic compounds, acutacoside C (1), acutacoside D (2) and acutacoside E (3) were isolated from the aerial part of Argyreia acuta. The oligosaccharide chain was composed of two glucoses and three rhamnoses, and the aglycone was (11S)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (jalapinolic acid). The core of the three compounds was operculinic acid B, which was rare in resin glycosides. Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compounds 1-3 have been evaluated for inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, which all showed weak inhibitory activities.

Two novel resin glycosides isolated from Ipomoea cairica with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

In the present study, two new compounds from Ipomoea cairica were identified and demonstrated to have α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. They were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and sephadex LH-20 and finally purified by prep-HPLC, with their structures being elucidated by spectroscopic methods, such as 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-TOF-MS, and chemical methods. Compounds 1 and 2, named cairicoside A and cairicoside B, were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by the MTT method, with the IC50 values being 25.3 ± 1.6 and 28.5 ± 3.3 µmol·L(-1), respectively.

Two pentasaccharide resin glycosides from Argyreia acuta.

Two new compounds of acutacosides 1 and 2, pentasaccharide resin glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Argyreia acuta. The core of the two compounds was operculinic acid A, and they were esterfied at the same position, just one substituent group was linked at C-2 of Rha. The absolute configuration of the aglycone in the two compounds was established by Mosher's method, which was (11S)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (jalapinolic acid). Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Chronic caffeine treatment enhances the resilience to social defeat stress in mice.

Strong evidence has shown that caffeine exerts antidepressant-like effects in chronic stress situations by increasing dopamine levels. However, whether caffeine mediates the dopaminergic system and interferes with the resilience to social defeat stress in mice is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of caffeine in the behavioral responses to social defeat stress and the possible regulatory role of the dopaminergic system. Mice experienced chronic social defeat stress for 10 days. Caffeine was administered intraperitoneally before, during and after social defeat stress. The time spent in interaction zone, social interaction ratio and sucrose preference test was used to measure the social avoidance and anhedonia in mice. The results showed that chronic pretreatment with caffeine for 14 days and for 10 days during stress reversed the avoidance of social behavior and anhedonia induced by social defeat stress in mice, suggesting the enhancement of the resilience to social defeat stress induced by caffeine. However, neither the treatment with caffeine only during the social defeat stress for 10 days nor the treatment with acute caffeine after defeat stress altered the resilience to stress. Furthermore, chronic caffeine treatment did not affect the normal locomotor activity and the desperate behavior in naïve mice. Moreover, the antagonism of dopamine D1 receptor and not D2 receptor reversed the effect of caffeine on the social avoidance and depressive-like behavior. Finally, pretreatment with higher doses of caffeine did not affect the behavioral response to social defeat stress. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the effects of caffeine on social avoidance and anhedonia in mice. In addition, our results illustrated the value of measuring changes in depressive-like behavior before and after social defeat stress to determine the potential treatment of caffeine on depression through the regulation of dopaminergic system.

A novel acridone akaloid from Atalantia buxifolia.

Study of the chemical constituents of ethanol extract from the aerial parts of Atalantia buxifolia led to the identification of a new acridone alkaloid named as buxifoliadine (1), along with known compounds citrusinine--I (2), N-methylatalaphylline (3), Severinolid (4) and cycloseverinolide (5). Structural elucidation of compound 1 was carried out by a combination of mass spectrometry and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy analyses.

Pharmacodynamic screening and simulation study of anti-hypoxia active fraction of xiangdan injection.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The herbal formula Xiangdan injection and its modifications have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for about hundreds years to alleviate pain and promoting blood. AIM: To investigate the anti-hypoxia active fraction of Xiangdan injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Xiangdan injection was extracted by ligarine, chloroform, acetic ether, n-butanol and water, represented respectively by A, B, C, D and E. Five extractions were group on the L12(2(5)) orthogonal designed table. NIH mices anti-hypoxia experiment under normal pressure with rats was adopted on the basis of orthogonal design, prediction pharmacodynamics model of TCM prescriptions was established, and the simulation bias was evaluated by combining two scatterplots. The anti-hypoxia active fraction of Xiangdan injection was determined by experiments. RESULTS: The prediction model of TCM prescriptions established in this study can predict the drug actions for different formulas, and PE%

Novel acylated lipo-oligosaccharides from the tubers of Ipomoea batatas.

Nine new lipo-oligosaccharides, batatosides H-P, were isolated from the tubers of Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae). Spectral and chemical methods allowed to characterize them as tetra- or penta-saccharides that form a macrolactone with the aglycone, (11S)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (jalapinolic acid), the absolute configuration of which was established by Mosher's method. Batatosides L and O showed a weak inhibitory effect on the growth of Hep-2 cells, while the others proved to be inactive.

Ether-soluble resin glycosides from the roots of Ipomoea batatas.

Two new resin glycosides, batataosides I (1) and II (2), and five known compounds, friedelin (3), scopoletin (4), octadecyl caffeate (5), beta-sistosterol (6) and daucosterol (7), were isolated from the roots of Ipomoea batatas. Their structures have been determined based on the chemical and spectral data. Batataosides I and II have novel structures because the core simonic acid B was esterised with cinnamic acid for the first time, and three different substituent esterification groups in one resin glycoside is scarce. The absolute configuration of the aglycone was elucidated to be S by Mosher's method.

Three new pentasaccharide resin glycosides from the roots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas).

Three new pentasaccharide resin glycosides, batatosides III-V (1-3), were isolated from the roots of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Saponification of the crude resin glycoside mixture yielded substituents and simonic acid B. The structures of the isolated compounds (1-3) were established through spectroscopic analyses, including high field NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS, and chemical correlation. The major characteristics of 3 are the presence of three different substituents, especially the substituent of cinnamic acid was seldom. The monosaccharides of 1-3 were proved by GC-MS and the absolute configuration of aglycone was further established as S by Mosher's method with R-methyloxyphenylacetic acid (MPA) and S-MPA.