RESUMO
This research presents a new approach to facilely fabricating a multifunctional film using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the base material. The film is modified chemically to incorporate various desirable properties such as high transparency, UV-shielding, antibacterial activity, and fluorescence. The fabrication process of this film is straightforward and efficient. The modified film showed exceptional UV-blocking capability, effectively blocking 100% of UV radiation. It also exhibits strong antibacterial properties. Additionally, the film emitted bright blue fluorescence, which can be useful in various optical and sensing applications. Despite the chemical modification, the film retained the excellent properties of PVA, including high transparency (90%) at 550 nm and good mechanical strength. Furthermore, it demonstrated remarkable stability even under harsh conditions such as exposure to long-term UV radiation, extreme temperatures (-40 or 120 °C), or immersion in different solvents. Overall, this work showcases a promising strategy to develop versatile, structurally stable, transparent, and flexible polymer films with multiple functionalities. These films have potential applications in various fields that require protection, such as packaging materials, biomedical devices, and optical components.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Álcool de Polivinil , Raios Ultravioleta , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Álcool de Polivinil/química , Fluorescência , Polímeros/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles, have been unveiled to carry circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNA paired-related homeobox 1 (circPRRX1) can be transferred by exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells. Here, we investigated the activity and mechanism of exosomal circPRRX1 in gastric tumorigenesis and radiation sensitivity. CircPRRX1, microRNA (miR)-596, and NF-κB activating protein (NKAP) were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Cell proliferation, motility, and invasion were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and transwell assays, respectively. Cell colony formation and survival were assessed by colony formation assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the direct relationship between miR-596 and circPRRX1 or NKAP . In-vivo xenograft studies were used to evaluate the role of exosomal circPRRX1 in tumor growth. Our data showed that circPRRX1 expression was elevated in human gastric cancer, and circPRRX1 could be transferred by exosomes from gastric cancer cells. Exosomal circPRRX1 affected cell proliferation, motility, invasion, and radiation sensitivity in vitro and tumor growth in vivo . Mechanistically, circPRRX1 directly regulated miR-596 expression, and exosomal circPRRX1 affected cell biological functions at least in part through miR-596. NKAP was identified as a direct target and functionally downstream effector of miR-596. Exosomal circPRRX1 modulated NKAP expression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-596. Our findings suggest a new mechanism, the exosomal circPRRX1/miR-596/ NKAP ceRNA crosstalk, in regulating gastric tumorigenesis and radiation sensitivity.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , RNA Circular , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Carcinogênese/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Tolerância a Radiação/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , RNA Circular/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/radioterapia , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Efficient and sustainable ultraviolet (UV)-blocking materials are of great interest in many fields. Herein, novel cellulose-based UV-blocking films are developed via surface modification using the Biginelli reaction. The resulting films exhibited excellent visible transparency (80%) at 550 nm and superhigh UV-blocking performance, which can shield almost 100% UVA and UVB. These features are very stable even the materials are being subjected to solvents, UV irradiation, and thermal treatment. This work provides a novel and facile strategy to fabricate functional cellulose-based films with superhigh anti-ultraviolet performance.
Assuntos
Celulose , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to function as vital regulators in cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to explore the role of circ_0062558 in TNBC. METHODS: The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to quantify the expressions of circ_0062558, microRNA-876-3p (miR-876-3p), and solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5 (SLC1A5) in TNBC tissues and cells. 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT), thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell assays were employed for cell phenotype analyses. Protein expression was tested by western blot analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter was used to confirm the association among circ_0062558, miR-876-3p, and SLC1A5 in TNBC. Xenograft experiments were performed to elucidate the function of circ_0062558 in vivo. RESULTS: TNBC tissues and cells showed the higher level of circ_0062558 when compared with control samples. Downregulation of circ_0062558 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and glutamine metabolism, while enhanced apoptosis of TNBC cells, and silencing of circ_0062558 also inhibited the growth of tumor in vivo. MiR-876-3p was confirmed as a target of circ_0062558, and circ_0062558 knockdown repressed TNBC cell malignant behaviors by increasing miR-876-3p. Furthermore, miR-876-3p inhibited malignant behaviors of TNBC cells by down-regulating SLC1A5, a newly identified target of miR-876-3p. CONCLUSION: Circ_0062558 promoted TNBC progression by enhancing proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and glutamine metabolism via miR-876-3p/SLC1A5 axis, which was helpful for understanding the carcinogenic roles of circ_0062558.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Transporte de Aminoácidos Neutros , MicroRNAs , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Sistema ASC de Transporte de Aminoácidos/genética , Sistema ASC de Transporte de Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Sistemas de Transporte de Aminoácidos Neutros/genética , Sistemas de Transporte de Aminoácidos Neutros/metabolismo , Animais , Brometos/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glutamina/genética , Glutamina/metabolismo , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Menor , RNA Circular/genética , Timidina , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genéticaRESUMO
Although radiation therapy is the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, radioresistance remains a major obstacle to successful treatment in many cases, and the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are still ill-defined. EMP2, epithelial membrane protein-2, was a recently identified potential oncogene involved in multiple biological processes including cell migration and cell proliferation. This study was to explore the potential relationship between EMP2 expression, nasopharyngeal carcinoma genesis, and radioresistance. EMP2 expression status in 98 nasopharyngeal carcinoma clinical samples was examined by immunohistochemical staining. As a result, most of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor samples were weakly or negatively stained, while paired adjacent normal tissues were moderately or strongly stained. Moreover, patients with higher expression of EMP2 had significant longer survival times. EMP2 re-expression suppresses cell growth, induces S-phase cell cycle arrest, and promotes radiosensitivity and apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. These results support that loss of EMP2 is common, and its re-expression may serve as an approach to enhance radiation sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biossíntese , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/radioterapia , Tolerância a Radiação/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Apoptose/genética , Carcinoma , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologiaRESUMO
Lung cancer, a most common clinically diagnosed malignancy grows rapidly and undergoes metastasis/diffusion to distant organs at a fast rate. In the present study gravacridondiol tetrazole (tetrazole) was synthesized and investigated for lung cancer growth inhibition potential in vitro. MTT assay and flow cytometry using propidium iodide were used to determine viability changes and DNA content distribution. Protein expression and apoptotic changes were detected by western blotting and Annexin-V/PI assays. Treatment with 12 µM tetrazole suppressed viabilities to 23% and 20% in A549 and NCI-H1819 cells, respectively. In tetrazole exposed cells, G1-phase cell count increased significantly compared to the control. Tetrazole-treatment of A549 and NCI-H1819 cells caused a prominent raise in LC3II and p-ERK1/2 expression at 72 h. The SQSTM1/p62 level, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K expression was lowered significantly in A549 and NCI-H1819 cells on exposure to tetrazole. Exposure to U1026 alleviated tetrazole mediated LC3II/I ratio increase in A549 and NCI-H1819 cells significantly (P<0.02) compared to tetrazole treated cells. Treatment with tetrazole and 3MA in combination led a significant (P<0.02) elevation in A549 and NCI-H1819 cell apoptotic count relative to tetrazole (12 µM) alone treated cells. Moreover, tetrazole and 3MA combination increased cleavage of caspase3 to a greater extent compared to tetrazole. In summary, tetrazole manifested anti-proliferative effect on lung cancer cells via autophagy over-activation and arrest of cell cycle. It deactivated ERK1/2 signalling and promoted mTOR signaling in A549 and NCI-H1819 cells to regulate cancer proliferation. Thus, tetrazole needs to be studied further as an anti-proliferative agent for treatment of lung cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Tetrazóis/farmacologia , Células A549 , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases S6 Ribossômicas 70-kDa/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Four novel choline carboxylate aqueous solution systems were developed by mixing H2O with choline nicotinate [Ch][Na], choline ferulate [Ch][Fa], choline vanillate [Ch][Va] and choline syringate [Ch][Sa]. The solubility of lignin in the four solvents was determined at 25 °C. The influence of the molar ratio of H2O to [Ch][Na] ([Ch][Fa], [Ch][Va] and [Ch][Sa]) and the anionic structure on lignin solubility were systematically investigated. It was found that, the anionic structure and H2O content significantly affected lignin dissolution. Interestingly, H2O/[Ch][Na] and H2O/[Ch][Fa] solvents show efficient capacity for lignin dissolution even at room temperatures. The dissolution of lignin in H2O/[Ch][Na] and H2O/[Ch][Fa] solvents is mainly ascribed to the interaction of lignin with the alkyl chain in the anion and cation dissociated from [Ch][Na]([Ch][Fa]) by H2O. In addition, the recycling of the lignin solvent was examined, and the structure and thermostability of the lignin regenerated from the solvent were also estimated.