[Comparative transcriptomics analysis of Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis at different developmental stages].

In order to study the transcriptional differences of Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis at different developmental stages, we explored the genes regulating the biosynthesis of the effective components. In this study, Illumina Hiseq 4 000 high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of C. medica var. sarcodactylis at different developmental stages, 121 235 unigenes were obtained with an average length of 2 434 bp, 3 379 different genes were obtained using DESeq screening, which mainly connected to biological processes such as signal transmission, biological regulation, and metabolic processes, and enriched in metabolic pathways such as starch, sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Further dynamic comparison of biosynthesis related genes of active ingredients: the expression levels of PAL, CHI, CYP75B1, ZDS, 4CL and FLS gradually increased as the fruit turned from green to yellow; the expressions of COMT, F3H and CYP73A increased at first and then decreased; CCR, HCT and HRP were down-regulated whereas up-regulated. This study provides references for further excavation of key genes in the biosynthesis of active components, as well as biopathway analysis of active components for C. medica var. sarcodactylis.

[Mechanism of "Scutellaria barbata-Hedyotis diffusa" against breast cancer based on network pharmacology].

To explore the mechanism of Scutellaria barbata-Hedyotis diffusa against breast cancer based on network pharmacological methods. The active components and corresponding target proteins of S. barbata and H. diffusa were screened by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP), and the targets of breast cancer were screened through the Genecards and OMIM databases. Venn online software was used to obtain the common targets of drugs and the disease, and then the "compound-target-disease" network diagram was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. The STRING database was used to draw the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, and the David database was used to perform GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on effective targets. The results showed that 29 S. barbata compounds, 7 H. diffusa compounds, and 109 effective targets were screened. The 59 common targets for drugs and disease were obtained through Venn diagrams. The PPI network showed that MYC, CCND1, EGFR, ESR1, CASP3, VEGFA, etc. might be the key targets for "S. barbata-H. diffusa" in the treatment of breast cancer. In the GO function analysis, 88 entries were found, involving the regulation of transcription factor activity, receptor activity, cytokine activity, enzyme activity, and biosynthetic processes. In KEGG pathway analysis, 37 entries related to cancer, cell cycle, apoptosis, angioge-nesis and other pathways were found, including p53 signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, nod like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway and other classic signaling pathways. This study preliminarily revealed the key targets, biological processes and signal pathway of "S. barbata-H. diffusa" against breast cancer. It was found that its function was in a multi-target and multi-channel manner, which laid a foundation for future molecular biological experiments.

[Analysis of overseas imported malaria and implication for prevention and control strategy in Shijiazhuang City from 2012 to 2015].

Objective To analyze the overseas imported malaria situation of Shijiazhuang City from 2012 to 2015, so as to provide the evidence for exploring the prevention and control strategy. Methods The data of overseas imported malaria were collected and analyzed with the descriptive method including Plasmodium species, population characteristics, epidemic focus distribution, onset time, diagnosis and treatment in Shijiazhuang City from 2012 to 2015, and the time from the onset to first medical visit, time from first medical visit to being diagnosed, and time from onset to being diagnosed of different Plasmodium species were analyzed respectively with the statistical analysis method. Results A total of 92 overseas imported malaria cases were reported in Shijiazhuang City from 2012 to 2015, including 88 cases from African countries (falciparum malaria taking 53.41%), and 4 cases from Southeast Asian and other countries (vivax malaria taking 50%). Eighty-nine cases were distributed in 28 counties (districts) of 6 cities in Hebei Province, except 2 persons with foreign nationalities and 1 with Anhui Province census register. The male and young adults were dominant. The median time from the onset to seeing a doctor was one day and the median time from seeing a doctor to being diagnosed was five days. Most cases were reported by the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang which was the sentinel hospital. Totally 42.39% of the cases were misdiagnosed when the first visit to a doctor. All of the cases were laboratory confirmed and 100% of them received the standard treatment after diagnosis. Conclusions The overseas imported malaria cases are increasing rapidly with years and the malignant malaria cases were more than other malaria cases in Shijiazhuang City. It is necessary to further strengthen the long-term cooperation mechanism between the medical institutions and the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department. The technician training should be strengthened to avoid the severe cases and death cases.

Auricularia auricular-judae polysaccharide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.

Auricularia auricular-judae polysaccharide (AAP) has shown a variety of pharmacological properties. In the present study, the role of AAP in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analyzed in rats to further explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into the control, AAP, LPS and LPS plus AAP groups. Rats were injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) to induce ALI. Rats in the LPS plus AAP group were treated with AAP for 7 days before the induction of ALI. The protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured. The animal lung edema degree was evaluated by the wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were assayed by MPO and MDA kits, respectively. The levels of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, were assayed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The data showed that treatment with AAP significantly improved LPS-induced lung pathological changes, attenuated protein concentration in the BALF, inhibited MPO activity and reduced the MDA level and lung W/D weight ratio. AAP also inhibited the release of TNF-α and IL-6 in blood. The results indicated that AAP has a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in rats.