RESUMO
The potential benefits of travelling across national borders to obtain medical treatment include improved care, decreased costs and reduced waiting times. However, medical travel involves additional risks, compared to obtaining treatment domestically. We review the publicly-available evidence on medical travel. We suggest that medical travel needs to be understood in terms of its potential risks and benefits so that it can be evaluated against alternatives by patients who are seeking care. We propose three domains -quality standards, informed decision-making, economic and legal protection - in which better evidence could support the development of medical travel policies.
Les avantages potentiels de la traversée de frontières nationales pour recevoir un traitement médical résident notamment dans une meilleure prise en charge, des coûts moindres et des temps d'attente réduits. Il est cependant plus risqué de voyager pour bénéficier de soins médicaux que de recevoir un traitement à l'intérieur du pays. Nous avons analysé les données scientifiques publiquement disponibles concernant le tourisme médical. Il nous apparaît essentiel de considérer le tourisme médical en fonction de ses risques et de ses avantages potentiels afin que les patients qui nécessitent des soins puissent le comparer aux autres solutions possibles. Nous estimons que l'amélioration de la qualité des données scientifiques dans trois domaines normes de qualité, prise de décision éclairée et protection économique et juridique favoriserait l'élaboration de politiques relatives au tourisme médical.
Los posibles beneficios de cruzar las fronteras nacionales para obtener tratamientos médicos incluyen una mejora de la atención, una disminución de los costes y una reducción de los tiempos de espera. Sin embargo, el turismo sanitario implica riesgos adicionales en comparación con obtener el tratamiento en el país. Se revisaron los datos públicos sobre el turismo sanitario. Nuestra sugerencia es que el turismo sanitario se entienda en términos de sus posibles riesgos y beneficios, de modo que aquellos pacientes que busquen atención médica puedan evaluarlos frente a otras alternativas. Proponemos tres ámbitos (normas de calidad, toma de decisiones informada y protección económica y legal) en los cuales unos datos más claros podrían apoyar el desarrollo de las políticas para el turismo sanitario.
Assuntos
Tomada de Decisões , Turismo Médico , Medição de Risco , Saúde Global , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Turismo Médico/psicologia , Qualidade da Assistência à SaúdeRESUMO
This research examines the relationship between trait mindfulness of managers and job performance of their subordinates. We hypothesized that both are positively associated and that this association exist when personality variables are controlled for. We tested our hypotheses in a sample of 40 line managers and their 487 subordinates working in 40 teams within the customer service division of an energy company. We measured managers' trait mindfulness using the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and managers' neuroticism and conscientiousness using the NEO-FFI. We obtained objective data of each subordinate's job performance captured by the company's KPIs assessed monthly over a period of 6 months. We used multilevel regression analyses to test our hypotheses. Results did not support our hypotheses, the regression coefficient from managers' trait mindfulness to subordinates' job performance was close to zero and insignificant. In the context of previously reported positive findings, our results suggest that the contribution of trait mindfulness to subordinates' performance might not exist or could be contingent on contextual factors.