Volatile carbonylic compounds in downtown Santiago, Chile.

Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, butanal, 2-butenal, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, benzaldehyde, 2-methylbenzaldehyde, and 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde were measured during six spring days at downtown Santiago de Chile. Measurements were performed 24h/day and averaged over three hour periods. The averages of the maxima (ppbv) were, formaldehyde: 3.9+/-1.4; butanal: 3.3+/-3.4; acetaldehyde: 3.0+/-0.9; acetone: 2.4+/-1.0; 2-butenal: 0.56+/-0.52; propanal: 0.46+/-0.21; benzaldehyde: 0.34+/-0.3; 3-butanal: 0.11+/-0.05; hexanal: 0.11+/-0.08; 2-methylbenzaldehyde: 0.08+/-0.05; 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde: 0.05+/-0.03. Aliphatic aldehydes (C1-C3) are strongly correlated among them and weakly with primary (toluene) and secondary (ozone plus nitrogen dioxide or PAN) pollutants. In particular, the correlation between acetaldehyde and propanal values remains even if diurnal and nocturnal data are considered separately, indicating similar sources. All these aldehydes present maxima values in the morning (9-12h) and minima at night (0-3h). The best correlation is observed when butanal and 2-butenal data are considered (r=0.99, butanal/2-butenal=6.2). These compounds present maxima values during the 3-6h period, with minima values in the 0-3h period. These data imply a strong pre-dawn emission. Other aldehydes show different daily profiles, suggesting unrelated origins. Formaldehyde is the aldehyde whose concentration values best correlate with the levels of oxidants. The contribution of primary emissions and photochemical processes to formaldehyde concentrations were estimated by using a multiple regression. This treatment indicates that (32+/-16)% of measured values arise from direct emissions, while (79+/-23)% is attributable to secondary formation.

Implementación de un Programa Multidisciplinario de Evaluación para pacientes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Experiencia chilena en un hospital público; resultados preliminares / plementation of a Multidisciplinary Evaluation Program for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Chilean Experience in a Public Hospital; Preliminary Results.

El aumento en la prevalencia de los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) ha influido en la necesidad de contar con equipos de experiencia formada para su evaluación. En este esfuerzo es que en la unidad de salud mental ambulatoria del Hospital Exequiel González Cortés se implementó un programa de evaluación multidisciplinario para pacientes con sospecha de TEA. Entre los meses de abril y julio del presente año han sido evaluados 15 pacientes, en su mayoría varones con una edad media entre 6 a 10 años, encontrando que un 30% correspondía a un TEA y un 57% a otros diagnósticos como Retraso Global del Desarrollo y Trastornos Emocionales, entre otros. Los resultados confirman la importancia de contar con profesionales competentes con las habilidades para realizar el diagnóstico de estos pacientes.

The increase in the prevalence of the Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) influenced the need of having trained experienced teams for its evaluation. In this effort a multidisciplinary evaluation program for patients with suspected ASD was implemented in the Ambulatory Mental Health Unit of the Exequiel González Cortés Hospital. Between the months of april and july of 2020, 15 patients have been evaluated, mostly male, with an range of 6 to 10 years of age. We found that 30% corresponded to an ASD and 57% to other diagnoses such as Global Development Delay and Emotional Disorders, among others. The results confirm the importance of counting with trained teams with the skills to make the diagnosis in these patients.

Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian cells.

O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. In contrast, using multiple biochemical approaches, we report here that histone O-GlcNAcylation is undetectable in mammalian cells. Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. Therefore, the identification of the specific contexts in which histone O-GlcNAcylation might occur is still to be established.

Implementación de un Programa Multidisciplinario de Evaluación para pacientes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Experiencia Chilena en un Hospital Público; resultados preliminares / Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Evaluation Program for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Chilean Experience in a Public Hospital; Preliminary Results

El aumento en la prevalencia de los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) ha influído en la necesidad de contar con equipos de experiencia formada para su evaluación. En este esfuerzo es que en la unidad de salud mental ambulatoria del Hospital Exequiel González Cortés se implementó un programa de evaluación multidisciplinario para pacientes con sospecha de TEA. Entre los meses de abril y julio de 2019 han sido evaluados 15 pacientes en su mayoría varones con una edad media entre 6 a 10 años, encontrando que un 30% correspondía a un TEA y un 57% a otros diagnósticos como Retraso global del desarrollo y trastornos emocionales entre otros. Los resultados confirman la importancia de contar con profesionales competentes con las habilidades para realizar el diagnóstico de estos pacientes.Palabras Claves: Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA), Equipo multidisciplinario, Evaluación TEA, Programa Asistencial TEA, Hospital Público .

Abstract: The increase in the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has caused a need of having trained teams for its diagnosis. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary evaluation program for patients with suspected ASD was implemented in the Ambulatory Mental Health Unit of the Exequiel González Cortés Hospital. Between the months of April and July of 2019, 15 patients have been evaluated, mostly male, with a range of ages between 6 and 10 years. It was found that 30% corresponded to an ASD and 57% to other diagnoses such as Global Development Delay and Emotional Disorders, among others. The results confirm the importance of counting with competent teams with the skills to diagnose these patients. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Multidisciplinary Team, ASD evaluation, ASD Assistance Program, Public Hospital.