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OBJECTIVE: Several controversies remain on conservative management of cervical cancer. Our aim was to develop a consensus recommendation on important and novel topics of fertility-sparing treatment of cervical cancer. METHODS: The consensus was sponsored by the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) from March 2020 to September 2020 and included a multidisciplinary team of 55 specialists. A total of 21 questions were addressed and they were assigned to specialists' groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Further, the coordinators evaluated the recommendations that were classified by the level of evidence, and finally, they were voted by all participants. RESULTS: The questions included controversial topics on tumor assessment, surgical treatment, and surveillance in conservative management of cervical cancer. The two topics with lower agreement rates were the role of minimally invasive approach in radical trachelectomy and parametrial preservation. Additionally, only three recommendations had <90% of agreement (fertility preservation in Stage Ib2, anti-stenosis device, and uterine transposition). CONCLUSIONS: As very few clinical trials have been developed in surgery for cervical cancer, most recommendations were supported by low levels of evidence. We addressed important and novel topics in conservative management of cervical cancer and our study may contribute to literature.
Assuntos
Preservação da Fertilidade , Oncologia Cirúrgica , Traquelectomia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Brasil , Consenso , Feminino , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Approximately 70% of cancer-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to social and racial inequalities, treatment options in these countries are usually limited because of the lack of trained staff and equipment, limited patient access to health services, and a small number of clinical guidelines. OBJECTIVES: The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology developed this guideline to address these barriers and guide physicians treating patients with endometrial cancer (EC) in regions with limited resources and few specialized centers. METHODS: The guideline was prepared from 10 January to 25 October 20192019 by a multidisciplinary team of 56 experts to discuss the main obstacles faced by EC patients in Brazil. Thirteen questions considered critical to the surgical treatment of these patients were defined. The questions were assigned to groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Following a review by the coordinators and a second review by all participants, the groups made final adjustments for presentations in meetings, classified the level of evidence, and voted on the recommendations. RESULTS: For all questions including staging, fertility spearing treatment, genetic testing, sentinel lymph node use, surgical treatment, and other clinical relevant questions, major agreement was achieved by the participants, always using accessible alternatives. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to provide adequate treatment for most EC patients in resource-limited areas, but the first option should be referral to specialized centers with more resources.
Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Brasil , Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose/diagnóstico , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Preservação da Fertilidade , Humanos , Histerectomia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Neoplasias Peritoneais/terapia , Exame Físico , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Sociedades MédicasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of morbidity and survival after curative and palliative surgery in recurrent cervical cancer patients who underwent chemoradiation as their primary treatment. Another goal was to assess the factors associated with curative and non-curative procedures. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort consisting of patients undergoing surgery curative and palliative from January 2011 to December 2017 at a high complexity oncology center. Outcome of morbidity was reported according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meir method. To assess the factors associated with the procedures, a univariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test was performed. RESULTS: Two radical hysterectomies, three pelvic exenterations with curative intent, and five palliatives pelvic exenterations were performed. In the curative group, there were major complications in 40% of the cases, and the median survival time was 16 months. In the palliative group, there were major complications in 60% of the cases, and the median survival time was 5 months. Advanced staging (p-value= 0.02), symptoms (p-value=0.04), tumor size greater than five centimeters (p-value=0.04), and more than three organs involved (p-value=0.003) were factors significantly associated with non-curative surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity rates of this study were higher in palliative group, and the median survival time was lower in the palliative group than the curative group, but this difference in survival was not statistically significant. Advanced stage, symptoms, tumor size and number of organs involved are factors that should be taken into consideration when indicating surgical salvage.
OBJETIVOS: Analisar os resultados de morbidade e sobrevida após cirurgias curativas e paliativas em pacientes com câncer cervical recidivado após tratamento primário com radioterapia e quimioterapia. Outro objetivo foi avaliar os fatores associados aos procedimentos curativos e não curativos. MÉTODOS: Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à cirurgias curativas e paliativas, entre janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2017, em um centro de alta complexidade em oncolologia. O desfecho da morbidade foi relatado de acordo com a classificação de Clavien-Dindo e a análise de sobrevida foi realizada pelo método de Kaplan-Meir. Para avaliar os fatores associados aos procedimentos, foi realizada análise univariada pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas duas histerectomias radicais, três exenterações pélvicas com intenção curativa e cinco exenterações pélvicas paliativas. No grupo curativo, houve complicações maiores em 40% dos casos, e o tempo mediano de sobrevida foi 16 meses. No grupo paliativo, houve complicações maiores em 60% dos casos, e o tempo mediano de sobrevida foi 5 meses. Estadiamento avançado (p=0,02), sintomas (p=0,04), tamanho do tumor maior que cinco centímetros (p=0,04) e mais de três órgãos envolvidos (p=0,003) foram fatores significativamente associados a cirurgia não curativa. CONCLUSÕES: As taxas de morbidade foram maiores no grupo paliativo, e o tempo mediano de sobrevida foi menor no grupo paliativo do que no grupo curativo, entretanto esta diferença na sobrevida não teve significância estatística. Estádio avançado, sintomas, tamanho tumoral e número de órgãos envolvidos são fatores que devem ser levados em consideração na indicação de resgate cirúrgico.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Cuidados Paliativos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to compare abdominal computer tomography (CT) with isolated serial clinical exam (SCE) in the management of anterior abdominal stab wounds. METHODS: randomized prospective study performed at Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre involving patients with anterior abdominal stab wounds without indication of immediate laparotomy; patients were divided in two groups: CT group and SCE group, In the SCE group, patients were followed up with serial clinical exam every 6 hours, Patients of CT group were submitted to abdominal computer tomography after initial evaluation. RESULTS: 66 patients were studied and 33 were included in each group, Of total, six were submitted to surgery, three of each group, In the SCE group, patients submitted to surgery in media waited 12 hours from arrival to diagnosis without any non-therapeutic surgeries, The remaining 30 patients of this group were discharged from hospital after 24 hours of observation, In the CT group, three patients showed alteration at CT and were submitted to laparotomy, one non-therapeutic, The others were discharged from hospital after 24 hours of observation, Abdominal computer tomography had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 67% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, with 96% of accuracy, Isolated serial clinical exam showed PPV and NPV of 100% and 100% of accuracy. CONCLUSION: selective management of anterior abdominal stabs is safe, when a rigorous selection of patients is observed, Isolated serial clinical exam may be performed without computer tomography, without increase of hospitalization time or morbidity, reducing costs, exposure to radiation, mortality and morbidity and non-therapeutic laparotomies.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Abdominais/diagnóstico , Parede Abdominal , Exame Físico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ferimentos Perfurantes/diagnóstico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
RESUMO O consumo de agrotóxicos aumentou consideravelmente nos últimos anos. Embora os agrotóxicos tenham ajudado a aumentar a produtividade das culturas, também têm sido associados ao câncer. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes oncológicos localizados em uma área com alto uso de agrotóxicos. Empregou-se coorte retrospectiva para descrever os casos de câncer. Incluíram-se pacientes diagnosticados com algum tipo de câncer entre 2005 e 2016, residindo, no momento do diagnóstico, em uma das 69 cidades brasileiras estudadas e com idade igual ou superior a 12 anos. Utilizou-se regressão multinível para modelar o coeficiente de morbidade por câncer. Estudaram-se 10.640 pacientes com câncer. Os coeficientes de morbidade por câncer aumentaram com a idade e foram significativamente maiores entre as pessoas que residiam em áreas rurais, quando comparadas com as residentes das áreas urbanas (p<0,0001). Em ambas as áreas, os homens apresentaram coeficientes de morbidade por câncer significativamente maiores do que as mulheres. Este estudo sugere que a maior incidência de câncer está relacionada a fatores da vida rural, como a exposição à agrotóxicos, visto que a área estudada é conhecida por sua economia baseada na agricultura e no elevado uso de agrotóxicos.
ABSTRACT Pesticide consumption has increased considerably in the last years. Although pesticides have helped to increase the crops' productivity, they have been associated with the incidence of cancers. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of cancer patients living in an area with high use of pesticide. A retrospective cohort design was used to describe cancer cases. Patients were included whenever (i) diagnosed with any type of cancer between 2005 and 2016; (ii) living, at the time of diagnosis, in one of the 69 Brazilian cities studied; and (iii) aged 12 years old or over. A multilevel regression model was used to model the cancer morbidity coefficient. A total of 10,640 cancer patients were studied. Cancer morbidity coefficients increased with age and were significantly higher among people residing in rural areas than among those living in urban areas (p-value<0.0001). In both urban and rural areas, males showed significantly higher cancer morbidity coefficients than females. This study suggests that higher cancer incidence is related to factors of rural life, which can include pesticide exposure since the studied area is known for its agriculture based economy and high pesticide use.
RESUMO
RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar os resultados de morbidade e sobrevida após cirurgias curativas e paliativas em pacientes com câncer cervical recidivado após tratamento primário com radioterapia e quimioterapia. Outro objetivo foi avaliar os fatores associados aos procedimentos curativos e não curativos. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à cirurgias curativas e paliativas, entre janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2017, em um centro de alta complexidade em oncolologia. O desfecho da morbidade foi relatado de acordo com a classificação de Clavien-Dindo e a análise de sobrevida foi realizada pelo método de Kaplan-Meir. Para avaliar os fatores associados aos procedimentos, foi realizada análise univariada pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Foram realizadas duas histerectomias radicais, três exenterações pélvicas com intenção curativa e cinco exenterações pélvicas paliativas. No grupo curativo, houve complicações maiores em 40% dos casos, e o tempo mediano de sobrevida foi 16 meses. No grupo paliativo, houve complicações maiores em 60% dos casos, e o tempo mediano de sobrevida foi 5 meses. Estadiamento avançado (p=0,02), sintomas (p=0,04), tamanho do tumor maior que cinco centímetros (p=0,04) e mais de três órgãos envolvidos (p=0,003) foram fatores significativamente associados a cirurgia não curativa. Conclusões: As taxas de morbidade foram maiores no grupo paliativo, e o tempo mediano de sobrevida foi menor no grupo paliativo do que no grupo curativo, entretanto esta diferença na sobrevida não teve significância estatística. Estádio avançado, sintomas, tamanho tumoral e número de órgãos envolvidos são fatores que devem ser levados em consideração na indicação de resgate cirúrgico.
ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze the results of morbidity and survival after curative and palliative surgery in recurrent cervical cancer patients who underwent chemoradiation as their primary treatment. Another goal was to assess the factors associated with curative and non-curative procedures. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort consisting of patients undergoing surgery curative and palliative from January 2011 to December 2017 at a high complexity oncology center. Outcome of morbidity was reported according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meir method. To assess the factors associated with the procedures, a univariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test was performed. Results: Two radical hysterectomies, three pelvic exenterations with curative intent, and five palliatives pelvic exenterations were performed. In the curative group, there were major complications in 40% of the cases, and the median survival time was 16 months. In the palliative group, there were major complications in 60% of the cases, and the median survival time was 5 months. Advanced staging (p-value= 0.02), symptoms (p-value=0.04), tumor size greater than five centimeters (p-value=0.04), and more than three organs involved (p-value=0.003) were factors significantly associated with non-curative surgery. Conclusions: The morbidity rates of this study were higher in palliative group, and the median survival time was lower in the palliative group than the curative group, but this difference in survival was not statistically significant. Advanced stage, symptoms, tumor size and number of organs involved are factors that should be taken into consideration when indicating surgical salvage.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Cuidados Paliativos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Histerectomia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
ABSTRACT We conducted an integrative literature review of published studies on pesticide and cancer exposure, focusing on farmers, rural population, pesticide applicators, and rural workers. The Medline/PubMed was used as searching database. After the retrieval, 74 articles were selected according to pre-established criteria, which design involved 39 case-controls, 32 cohorts, 2 ecological ones, and 1 cross-sectional. Among them, 64 studies showed associations between pesticides and cancer while 10 did not find any significant association. The studies found 53 different types of pesticides significantly associated with at least one type of cancer and 19 different types of cancers linked to at least one type of pesticide. Although few studies presented contradictory results, the sole fact of being a farmer or living near crops or high agricultural areas have also been used as a proxy for pesticide exposure and significantly associated with higher cancer risk. The literature well illustrates the case of prostate cancer, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, bladder and colon cancers. Studies are recommended to further investigate the relationship between pesticide and neoplasm of testis, breast, esophagus, kidney, thyroid, lip, head and neck, and bone.
RESUMO Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura sobre estudos publicados em relação à exposição a agrotóxicos e câncer, com foco em agricultores, população rural, aplicadores de agrotóxicos e trabalhadores rurais. A busca dos artigos foi realizada por meio do banco de dados Medline/PubMed. Após a triagem, 74 artigos foram selecionados de acordo com critérios pré-estabelecidos, sendo 39 caso-controle, 32 coortes, dois ecológicos e um transversal. Desses, 64 estudos mostraram associação entre agrotóxicos e câncer, enquanto dez não encontraram associação significativa. Nesses 64, 53 diferentes tipos de agrotóxicos foram significativamente associados com pelo menos um tipo de câncer e, inversamente, 19 diferentes tipos de câncer foram associados a pelo menos um tipo de agrotóxico. Embora alguns estudos tenham apresentado resultados contraditórios, ser um agricultor ou morar perto de plantações ou de áreas densamente agrícolas também tem sido motivo para representar a exposição a agrotóxicos e considerado significativamente associado a um maior risco de câncer. A literatura ilustra bem o câncer de próstata, linfoma não-Hodgkin, leucemia, mieloma múltiplo, bexiga e câncer de cólon. Recomendam-se estudos que investiguem mais a relação entre agrotóxicos e neoplasmas de testículos, mama, esôfago, rim, tireoide, lábio, cabeça e pescoço e osso.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to compare abdominal computer tomography (CT) with isolated serial clinical exam (SCE) in the management of anterior abdominal stab wounds. Methods: randomized prospective study performed at Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre involving patients with anterior abdominal stab wounds without indication of immediate laparotomy; patients were divided in two groups: CT group and SCE group, In the SCE group, patients were followed up with serial clinical exam every 6 hours, Patients of CT group were submitted to abdominal computer tomography after initial evaluation. Results: 66 patients were studied and 33 were included in each group, Of total, six were submitted to surgery, three of each group, In the SCE group, patients submitted to surgery in media waited 12 hours from arrival to diagnosis without any non-therapeutic surgeries, The remaining 30 patients of this group were discharged from hospital after 24 hours of observation, In the CT group, three patients showed alteration at CT and were submitted to laparotomy, one non-therapeutic, The others were discharged from hospital after 24 hours of observation, Abdominal computer tomography had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 67% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, with 96% of accuracy, Isolated serial clinical exam showed PPV and NPV of 100% and 100% of accuracy. Conclusion: selective management of anterior abdominal stabs is safe, when a rigorous selection of patients is observed, Isolated serial clinical exam may be performed without computer tomography, without increase of hospitalization time or morbidity, reducing costs, exposure to radiation, mortality and morbidity and non-therapeutic laparotomies.
RESUMO Objetivo: comparar tomografia computadorizada de abdome (TC) com exame clínico seriado (ECS) isolado na condução de ferimentos por arma branca na região anterior do abdome. Métodos: estudo prospectivo, randomizado, realizado no Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre em que pacientes com ferimentos por arma branca na parede anterior do abdome, sem indicação de laparotomia imediata, foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo TC e grupo ECS, No grupo ECS, os pacientes eram observados com exame clínico seriado de 6/6h, No grupo TC, eram submetidos à tomografia computadorizada de abdome após a avaliação inicial. Resultados: dos 66 pacientes estudados, 33 foram selecionados para cada grupo, Do total, seis foram submetidos à cirurgia, três de cada grupo, No grupo ECS, pacientes submetidos à cirurgia tiveram média de 12h entre a chegada e o diagnóstico, sem laparotomias não terapêuticas, Os 30 pacientes restantes deste grupo receberam alta após 24h de observação, No grupo TC, três pacientes apresentaram alterações na TC e foram submetidos à laparotomia, uma não terapêutica, Os demais receberam alta após observação de 24h, A tomografia computadorizada de abdome apresentou valor preditivo positivo (VPP) de 67% e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de 100%, com acurácia de 96%, O exame clínico seriado isolado, teve VPP e VPN de 100%, com acurácia de 100%. Conclusão: o manejo seletivo para ferimentos por arma branca na parede abdominal anterior é seguro, caso obedeça a uma seleção rigorosa dos pacientes, O exame clínico seriado isolado pode ser realizado sem a necessidade de tomografia, sem aumento do tempo de internação ou da morbidade, o que reduz custos, exposição à radiação, morbimortalidade e laparotomias não terapêuticas.