Cross-Talk between the TGF-ß and Cell Adhesion Signaling Pathways in Cancer.

Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is strongly associated with the cell adhesion signaling pathway in cell differentiation, migration, etc. Mechanistically, TGF-ß is secreted in an inactive form and localizes to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via the latent TGF-ß binding protein (LTBP). However, it is the release of mature TGF-ß that is essential for the activation of the TGF-ß signaling pathway. This progress requires specific integrins (one of the main groups of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)) to recognize and activate the dormant TGF-ß. In addition, TGF-ß regulates cell adhesion ability through modulating CAMs expression. The aberrant activation of the TGF-ß signaling pathway, caused by abnormal expression of key regulatory molecules (such as Smad proteins, certain transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs), promotes tumor invasive and metastasis ability via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the late stages of tumorigenesis. In this paper, we summarize the crosstalk between TGF-ß and cell adhesion signaling pathway in cancer and its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Natural Product Quercetin-3-methyl ether Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Downregulating Intracellular Polyamine Signaling.

Dysregulation of cellular metabolism is a key marker of cancer, and it is suggested that metabolism should be considered as a targeted weakness of colorectal cancer. Increased polyamine metabolism is a common metabolic change in tumors. Thus, targeting polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapy, particularly polyamine blockade therapy, has gradually become a hot topic. Quercetin-3-methyl ether is a natural compound existed in various plants with diverse biological activities like antioxidant and antiaging. Here, we reported that Quercetin-3-methyl ether inhibits colorectal cancer cell viability, and promotes apoptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Intriguingly, the polyamine levels, including spermidine and spermine, in colorectal cancer cells were reduced upon treatment of Quercetin-3-methyl ether. This is likely resulted from the downregulation of SMOX, a key enzyme in polyamine metabolism that catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermidine. These findings suggest Quercetin-3-methyl ether decreases cellular polyamine level by suppressing SMOX expression, thereby inducing colorectal cancer cell apoptosis. Our results also reveal a correlation between the anti-tumor activity of Quercetin-3-methyl ether and the polyamine metabolism modulation, which may provide new insights into a better understanding of the pharmacological activity of Quercetin-3-methyl ether and how it reprograms cellular polyamine metabolism.

Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus Paracasei CMU-Pb-L5 In a Subcutaneous Transplanted Tumor Model of Colorectal Cancer.

Lactobacillus paracasei (L.p) is a prevalent probiotic strain within the Lactobacillus genus, which has robust intestinal colonization capabilities. Previous studies have demonstrated the anticancer properties of L.p both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer activity in vivo remain unclear. This study established a subcutaneous transplanted tumor model of colorectal cancer (CRC) in mice to investigate the impact of L.p CMU-Pb-L5. Various parameters including tumor volume, tumor weight, histological alterations in tumor tissue, levels of polyamines and immune-related cytokines in serum, as well as the expression of polyamine metabolism-related and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated. The results suggested that L.p CMU-Pb-L5 exhibited inhibitory effects on tumor cell proliferation, promotion of tumor cell apoptosis, reduction in polyamine levels, and enhancement of the immune response in CRC mice. To sum up, these results suggested that L.p CMU-Pb-L5 holds promise for potential clinical applications in the treatment of CRC.

Thermal conductivity of fivefold twinned silicon-germanium heteronanowires.

The thermal transport properties of five-fold twinned (5FT) germanium-silicon (Ge-Si) heteronanowires (h-NWs) with varying cross-sectional areas, germanium (Ge) domain ratios and heterostructural patterns are investigated using homogeneous nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (HNEMD) simulations. The results demonstrate a distinctive behavior in the thermal conductivity (κ) of 5FT-NWs, characterized by a "flipped" trend at a critical cross-sectional area. This behavior is attributed to the hydrodynamic phonon flow, arising from the normal three-phonon scattering process in the low-frequency region. In addition, the composition ratio of 5FT-NWs has a significant impact on reducing the κ of 5FT-NWs and suppressing the hydrodynamic effect. Intriguingly, as the homogeneous element domains are separated, stronger phonon hydrodynamic flows are observed in comparison to the adjacent homogeneous element domains. By analyzing various phonon properties, including phonon dispersion, three-phonon scattering rate, and phonon mean free path, critical insights into the origin of the differential κ in different 5FT-NW structures are provided. The findings deepen the understanding of the thermal transport properties of nanomaterials and hold implications for the design and development of nanoelectronics and thermoelectric devices.

Resveratrol May Reduce the Degree of Periodontitis by Regulating ERK Pathway in Gingival-Derived MSCs.

Gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have strong self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties and are expected to be applied in anti-inflammatory and tissue regeneration. However, achieving the goal of using endogenous stem cells to treat diseases and even regenerate tissues remains a challenge. Resveratrol is a natural compound with multiple biological activities that can regulate stem cell immunomodulation when acting on them. This study found that resveratrol can reduce inflammation in human gingival tissue and upregulate the stemness of GMSCs in human gingiva. In cell experiments, it was found that resveratrol can reduce the expression of TLR4, TNFα, and NFκB and activate ERK/Wnt crosstalk, thereby alleviating inflammation, promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability of GMSCs, and enhancing their immunomodulation. These results provide a new theoretical basis for the application of resveratrol to activate endogenous stem cells in the treatment of diseases in the future.

Lactobacillus paracasei R3 protects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice via regulating Th17/Treg cell balance.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease, are most often a polygenic disorder with contributions from the intestinal microbiome, defects in barrier function, and dysregulated host responses to microbial stimulation. Strategies that target the microbiota have emerged as potential therapies and, of these, probiotics have gained the greatest attention. Herein, we isolated a strain of Lactobacillus paracasei R3 (L.p R3) with strong biofilm formation ability from infant feces. Interestingly, we also found L.p R3 strain can ameliorate the general symptoms of murine colitis, alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibit Th17 while promote Treg function in murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Overall, this study suggested that L.p R3 strain significantly improves the symptoms and the pathological damage of mice with colitis and influences the immune function by regulating Th17/Treg cell balance in DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation via regulation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide with poor prognosis and high recurrence. Aberrant Wnt/ß-catenin signaling promotes oncogenesis by transcriptional activation of c-Myc and its downstream signals. EDAR is characterized as an important effector of canonical Wnt signaling in developing skin appendages, but the interplay between EDAR and Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis and progression remains to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed that EDAR expression is prevalently elevated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Further analysis suggests there is a strict correlation between EDAR expression and colorectal cancer progression. EDAR silencing by shRNA in colorectal cancer cells showed proliferative suppression via retarding cell cycle at G1 phase. Xenograft mice transplanted with shEDAR-transduced tumor cells significantly alleviated tumor burden in comparison with control mice. Furthermore, downregulation of EDAR was accompanied by reduction of ß-catenin, c-Myc and other G1 cell cycle regulators, while ß-catenin agonist restored the expression of these proteins and overrode the proliferative block induced by EDAR knockdown. These findings indicate that EDAR functions as a component of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, and is a potential modulator in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Sputum microbiota as a potential diagnostic marker for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

The prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains makes disease control more complicated, which is the main cause of death in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Early detection and timely standard treatment are the key to current prevention and control of drug-resistant TB. In recent years, despite the continuous advancement in drug-resistant TB diagnostic technology, the needs for clinical rapid and accurate diagnosis are still not fully met. With the development of sequencing technology, the research of human microecology has been intensified. This study aims to use 16 rRNA sequencing technology to detect and analyze upper respiratory flora of TB patients with anti-TB drug sensitivity (DS, n = 55), monoresistance isoniazide (MR-INH, n = 33), monoresistance rifampin (MR-RFP, n = 12), multidrug resistance (MDR, n = 26) and polyresistance (PR, n = 39) in southern China. Potential microbial diagnostic markers for different types of TB drug resistance are searched by screening differential flora, which provides certain guiding significance for drug resistance diagnosis and clinical drug use of TB. The results showed that the pulmonary microenvironment of TB patients was more susceptible to infection by external pathogens, and the infection of different drug-resistant Mtb leads to changes in different flora. Importantly, seven novel microorganisms (Leptotrichia, Granulicatella, Campylobacter, Delfitia, Kingella, Chlamydophila, Bordetella) were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as diagnostic markers for different drug resistance types of TB. Leptotrichia, Granulicatella, Campylobacter were potential diagnostic marker for TB patients with INH single-resistance. Delftia was a potential diagnostic marker for TB patients with RFP single drug-resistance. Kingella and Chlamydophila can be used as diagnostic markers for TB patients with PR. Bordetella can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for identification of TB patients with MDR.

LINC00173.v1 promotes angiogenesis and progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR-511-5p to regulate VEGFA expression.

BACKGROUND: Anti-angiogenic therapy represents a promising strategy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but its application in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) is limited due to the high-risk adverse effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediate in tumor progression by participating in the regulation of VEGF in NSCLC, which might guide the development of new antiangiogenic strategies. METHODS: Differential lncRNA expression in SQC was analyzed in AE-meta and TCGA datasets, and further confirmed in lung cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues with RT-qPCR and in-situ hybridization. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical correlation between LINC00173.v1 expression and survival characteristics. A tube formation assay, chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay and animal experiments were conducted to detect the effect of LINC00173.v1 on the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and tumorigenesis of SQC in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were performed to elucidate the downstream target of LINC00173.v1. The therapeutic efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against LINC00173.v1 was further investigated in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and high throughput data processing and visualization were performed to identify the cause of LINC00173.v1 overexpression in SQC. RESULTS: LINC00173.v1 was specifically upregulated in SQC tissues, which predicted poorer overall and progression-free survival in SQC patients. Overexpression of LINC00173.v1 promoted, while silencing LINC00173.v1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and the tumorigenesis of SQC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results further revealed that LINC00173.v1 promoted the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and the tumorigenesis of SQC cells by upregulating VEGFA expression by sponging miR-511-5p. Importantly, inhibition of LINC00173.v1 via the ASO strategy reduced the tumor growth of SQC cells, and enhanced the therapeutic sensitivity of SQC cells to cisplatin in vivo. Moreover, our results showed that squamous cell carcinoma-specific factor ΔNp63α contributed to LINC00173.v1 overexpression in SQC. CONCLUSION: Our findings clarify the underlying mechanism by which LINC00173.v1 promotes the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and the tumorigenesis of SQC, demonstrating that LINC00173.v1-targeted drug in combination with cisplatin may serve as a rational regimen against SQC.

Predicting Severe Enterovirus 71-Infected Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Cytokines and Chemokines.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most common intestinal virus that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in infants and young children (mostly ≤5 years of age). Generally, children with EV71-infected HFMD have mild symptoms that resolve spontaneously within 7-14 days without complications. However, some EV71-infected HFMD cases lead to severe complications such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, pulmonary edema, cardiorespiratory complication, circulatory disorders, poliomyelitis-like paralysis, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, neonatal sepsis, and even death. The mechanism of EV71 pathogenesis has been studied extensively, and the regulation of host immune responses is suspected to aggravate EV71-induced severe complications. Recently, several cytokines or chemokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1ß, IL-18, IL-33, IL-37, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, IL-10, IL-22, IL-17F, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, G-CSF, and HMGB1 have been reported to be associated with severe EV71 infection by numerous research teams, including our own. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiology of the cytokines and chemokines with severe EV71 infection.

Assessing capreomycin resistance on tlyA deficient and point mutation (G695A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains using multi-omics analysis.

Capreomycin (CAP), a cyclic peptide antibiotic, is considered to be an ideal second-line drug for tuberculosis (TB). However, in the past few years, the emergence of more CAP-resistant (CAPr) TB patients has limited its use. Although it has been reported that CAP resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is associated with rrs or tlyA mutation, the exact mechanism of CAPr Mtb strains, especially the mechanism associated with tlyA deficient or mutation, is not fully understood. Herein, we utilized a multi-omics (genome, proteome, and metabolome) approach to assess CAP resistance on tlyA deficient CAPr Mtb strains (CAPr1) and tlyA point mutation CAPr Mtb strains (CAPr2) that we established for the first time in vitro to investigate the CAP-resistant mechanism. Our results showed that the CAPr1 strains (> 40 µg/ml) was more resistant to CAP than the CAPr2 strains (G695A, 10 µg/ml). Furthermore, multi-omics analysis indicated that the CAPr1 strains exhibited greater drug tolerance than the CAPr2 strains may be associated with the weakening of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase (AdoMet-MT) activity and abnormal membrane lipid metabolism such as suppression of fatty acid metabolism, promotion of glycolipid phospholipid and glycerolipid metabolism. As a result, these studies reveal a new mechanism for CAP resistance to tlyA deficient or mutation Mtb strains, and may be helpful in developing new therapeutic approaches to prevent Mtb resistance to CAP.

Yunnan Baiyao reduces hospital-acquired pressure ulcers via suppressing virulence gene expression and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus.

Yunnan Baiyao (YB) as a kind of famous Chinese herbal medicine, possessed hemostatic, invigorating the circulation of blood, and anti-inflammatory effects. Identifying strategies to protect patients at risk for hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) is essential. Herein, our results showed that YB treatment can effectively reduce the acne wound area and improve efficacy in a comparative study of 60 cases HAPU patients with S. aureus positive of acne wound pathogens. Furthermore, YB inhibited HIa expression and suppressed accessory gene regulator (agr) system controlled by regulatory RNA II and RNA III molecule using pALC1740, pALC1742 and pALC1743 S. aureus strain linked to gfpuvr reporter gene. Moreover, YB downregulated cao mRNA expression and inhibited coagulase activity by RT-PCR, slide and tube coagulase test. Additionally, YB downregulated seb, sec, sed, and tsst-1 mRNA expression to suppress enterotoxin and tsst-1 secretion and adhesion function related genes sarA, icaA, and cidA mRNA expression. Taken together, the data suggest that YB may reduce HAPU via suppressing virulence gene expression and biofilm formation of S. aureus.

Upregulation of miR-196b-5p attenuates BCG uptake via targeting SOCS3 and activating STAT3 in macrophages from patients with long-term cigarette smoking-related active pulmonary tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking (CS) triggers an intense and harmful inflammatory response in lungs mediated by alveolar and blood macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils and is closely associated with prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). The risk of death in patients with long-term cigarette smoking-related pulmonary tuberculosis (LCS-PTB) is approximately 4.5 times higher than those with nonsmoking pulmonary tuberculosis (N-PTB). However, the mechanisms underlying the harmful inflammatory responses in the setting of LCS-PTB have not been well documented. METHODS: 28 cases LCS-PTB patients, 22 cases N-PTB patients and 20 cases healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Differentiated human MDM and U937 cell were prepared with M-CSF and PMA stimulation, respectively. The miR-196b-5p, STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5A, STAT5B, STAT6, SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA expression were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was performed according to SOCS1, SOCS3, and pSTAT3 expression. The mycobacterial uptake by MDMs from different groups of patients after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection and agomir-196b-5p or antagomir-196b-5p transfection were used by flow cytometry analysis. Human IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α levels on the plasma and cell culture supernatant samples were measured using ELISA. For dual-luciferase reporter assay, the SOCS3 3'-UTR segments, containing the binding elements of miR-196b-5p or its mutant versions were synthesized as sense and antisense linkers. RESULTS: In this study, we found that IL-6, TNF-α production, SOCS3 mRNA expression were downregulated, while miR-196b-5p and STAT3 mRNA expression were upregulated in monocytes from LCS-PTB patients as compared to N-PTB patients. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that miR-196b-5p could target SOCS3 and activate STAT3 signaling pathway, which may possibly contribute to attenuation of BCG uptake and decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α production in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that CS exposure regulates inflammatory responses in monocyte/macrophages from LCS-PTB patients via upregulating miR-196b-5p, and further understanding of the specific role of miR-196b-5p in inflammatory responses mightfacilitate elucidating the pathogenesis of LCS-PTB, thus leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies for PTB patients with long-term cigarette smoking.

Phospholipid Phosphatase 4 promotes proliferation and tumorigenesis, and activates Ca2+-permeable Cationic Channel in lung carcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND: Phospholipid phosphatase 4 (PPAPDC1A or PLPP4) has been demonstrated to be involved in the malignant process of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and biological roles of PLPP4 in lung carcinoma. METHODS: PLPP4 expression was examined in 8 paired lung carcinoma tissues by real-time PCR and in 265 lung carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical correlation between PLPP4 expression and clinicopathological features and survival in lung carcinoma patients. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the biological roles of PLPP4 in lung carcinoma. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Western blotting and luciferase assays were used to identify the underlying pathway through which PLPP4 silencing mediates biological roles in lung carcinoma. RESULTS: PLPP4 is differentially elevated in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) tissues. Statistical analysis demonstrated that high expression of PLPP4 significantly and positively correlated with clinicopathological features, including pathological grade, T category and stage, and poor overall and progression-free survival in lung carcinoma patients. Silencing PLPP4 inhibits proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo in lung carcinoma cells. Our results further reveal that PLPP4 silencing inhibits Ca2+-permeable cationic channel, suggesting that downregulation of PLPP4 inhibits proliferation and tumorigenesis in lung carcinoma cells via reducing the influx of intracellular Ca2+. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that PLPP4 may hold promise as a novel marker for the diagnosis of lung carcinoma and as a potential therapeutic target to facilitate the development of novel treatment for lung carcinoma.

Corrigendum to "Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3 (EBI3) Blocking Leads to Induce Antitumor Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response and Suppress Tumor Growth in Colorectal Cancer by Bidirectional Reciprocal-Regulation STAT3 Signaling Pathway".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/3214105.].

Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3 (EBI3) Blocking Leads to Induce Antitumor Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response and Suppress Tumor Growth in Colorectal Cancer by Bidirectional Reciprocal-Regulation STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is a member of the interleukin-12 (IL-12) family structural subunit and can form a heterodimer with IL-27p28 and IL-12p35 subunit to build IL-27 and IL-35, respectively. However, IL-27 stimulates whereas IL-35 inhibits antitumor T cell responses. To date, little is known about the role of EBI3 in tumor microenvironment. In this study, firstly we assessed EBI3, IL-27p28, IL-12p35, gp130, and p-STAT3 expression with clinicopathological parameters of colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues; then we evaluated the antitumor T cell responses and tumor growth with a EBI3 blocking peptide. We found that elevated EBI3 may be associated with IL-12p35, gp130, and p-STAT3 to promote CRC progression. EBI3 blocking peptide promoted antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response by inducing Granzyme B, IFN-γ production, and p-STAT3 expression and inhibited CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth to associate with suppressing gp130 and p-STAT3 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that EBI3 may mediate a bidirectional reciprocal-regulation STAT3 signaling pathway to assist the tumor escape immune surveillance in CRC.

Interleukin-27 as a Novel Biomarker for Early Cardiopulmonary Failure in Enterovirus 71-Infected Children with Central Nervous System Involvement.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major pathogen for severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which leads to severe neurological complications and has high morbidity and mortality. Reliable biomarker for the prediction of deterioration in EV71-infected children with central nervous system (CNS) involvement may reduce the cardiopulmonary failure and mortality. Here, we found that serum IL-27 levels were significantly higher in stage III EV71-infected HFMD patients with early cardiopulmonary failure and strong correlation with CRP levels. IL27p28 polymorphisms (rs153109, rs17855750, and rs181206) did not influence IL-27 production, and these three SNPs were not associated with EV71 infection risk and clinical stage. IL-27 can be used as an prediction indicator for early cardiopulmonary failure in EV71-infected children with CNS involvement.

Integrating TCGA and Single-Cell Sequencing Data for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Novel Glycosylation (GLY)/Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Classifier to Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response.

The major liver cancer subtype is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have indicated that a better prognosis is related to the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HCC. However, the molecular pathways that drive immune cell variation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain poorly understood. Glycosylation (GLY)-related genes have a vital function in the pathogenesis of numerous tumors, including HCC. This study aimed to develop a GLY/TME classifier based on glycosylation-related gene scores and tumor microenvironment scores to provide a novel prognostic model to improve the prediction of clinical outcomes. The reliability of the signatures was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and survival analyses and was verified with external datasets. Furthermore, the correlation between glycosylation-related genes and other cells in the immune environment, the immune signature of the GLY/TME classifier, and the efficacy of immunotherapy were also investigated. The GLY score low/TME score high subgroup showed a favorable prognosis and therapeutic response based on significant differences in immune-related molecules and cancer cell signaling mechanisms. We evaluated the prognostic role of the GLY/TME classifier that demonstrated overall prognostic significance for prognosis and therapeutic response before treatment, which may provide new options for creating the best possible therapeutic approaches for patients.

Co-culture of STRO1 + human gingival mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in 3D spheroids: enhanced in vitro osteogenic and angiogenic capacities.

Stem cell spheroid is a promising graft substitute for bone tissue engineering. Spheroids obtained by 3D culture of STRO1+ Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells (sGMSCs) (sGMSC spheroids, GS) seldom express angiogenic factors, limiting their angiogenic differentiation in vivo. This study introduced a novel stem cell spheroid with osteogenic and angiogenic potential through 3D co-culture of sGMSCs and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) (sGMSC/HUVEC spheroids, GHS). GHS with varying seeding ratios of sGMSCs to HUVECs (GHR) were developed. Cell fusion within the GHS system was observed via immunofluorescence. Calcein-AM/PI staining and chemiluminescence assay indicated cellular viability within the GHS. Furthermore, osteogenic and angiogenic markers, including ALP, OCN, RUNX2, CD31, and VEGFA, were quantified and compared with the control group comprising solely of sGMSCs (GS). Incorporating HUVECs into GHS extended cell viability and stability, initiated the expression of angiogenic factors CD31 and VEGFA, and upregulated the expression of osteogenic factors ALP, OCN, and RUNX2, especially when GHS with a GHR of 1:1. Taken together, GHS, derived from the 3D co-culture of sGMSCs and HUVECs, enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic capacities in vitro, extending the application of cell therapy in bone tissue engineering.

Specific immunological characteristics and risk factor of XBB variants re-infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after BA.5 infection.

OBJECTIVES: The specific humoral immune response resulting from inactivated vaccination following by BA.5 infection, and predictors of XBB variants re-infection in BA.5 infection-recovered nasopharyngeal carcinoma (BA.5-RNPC) patients, were explored. METHODS: Serum SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels were assessed using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the magnitude of specific humoral immunity and susceptibility to re-infection by XBB variants. RESULTS: Our data demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody levels were comparable between BA.5-RNPC patients and BA.5 infection-recovered-non-cancerous (BA.5-RNC) individuals. Specifically, serum levels of anti-ancestral-S1-IgG, anti-ancestral-nucleocapsid-protein (NP)-IgG, anti-BA.5-receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG and anti-XBB.1.1.6-RBD-IgG were higher in BA.5-RNPC patients compared to those without a prior infection. Compared to BA.5-RNPC patients without vaccination, individuals who received inactivated vaccination exhibited significantly higher levels of anti-ancestral-S1-IgG and anti-XBB.1.16-RBD-IgG. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that inactivated vaccination was the most significant predictor of all tested SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies response. Subsequent analysis indicated that a low globulin level is an independent risk factor for XBB re-infection in BA.5-RNPC patients. CONCLUSIONS: The SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies have been improved in vaccinated BA.5-RNPC patients. However, the baseline immunity status biomarker IgG is an indicators of XBB variant re-infection risk in BA.5-RNPC patients.