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SignificanceThere is a common consensus that lode gold deposits mostly precipitated from metamorphic fluids via fluid boiling and/or fluid-rock interaction, but whether magmatic hydrothermal fluids and the mixing of such fluids with an external component have played a vital role in the formation of lode gold deposits remains elusive. We use garnet secondary ion mass spectrometry oxygen isotope analysis to demonstrate that the world-class Dongping lode gold deposit has been formed by multiple pulses of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and their mixing with large volumes of meteoric water. This study opens an opportunity to tightly constrain the origin of lode gold deposits worldwide and other hydrothermal systems that may have generated giant ore deposits in the Earth's crust.
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Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) to formate is economically beneficial but suffers from poor selectivity and high overpotential. Herein, enriched microcrystalline copper oxide is introduced on the surface of indium-based metal-organic frameworks. Benefiting from the CuO (111) microcrystalline shell and formed catalytic active In-Cu interfaces, the obtained MIL-68(In)/CuO heterostructure display excellent CO2RR to formate with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) as high as 89.7% at low potential of only -0.7 V vs. RHE in a flow cell. Significantly, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cell based on MIL-68(In)/CuO exhibit a remarkable current density of 640.3 mA cm-2 at 3.1 V and can be stably operated for 180 h at 2.7 V with a current density of 200 mA cm-2. The ex/in situ electrochemical investigations reveal that the introduction of CuO increases the formation rate of the carbon dioxide reduction intermediate *HCOO- and inhibits the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. This work not only provides an in-depth study of the mechanism of the CO2RR pathways on In/Cu composite catalyst but also offers an effective strategy for the interface design of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction.
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BACKGROUND: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis, yet there are fewer studies about predictors of PVT recanalization. We aimed to further explore the predictors of recanalization in cirrhotic PVT to facilitate accurate prediction of patients' clinical status and timely initiation of appropriate treatment and interventions. To further investigate the benefits and risks of anticoagulant therapy in cirrhotic PVT patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhotic PVT in our hospital between January 2016 and December 2022, The primary endpoint was to analyze predictors of PVT recanalization by COX regression. Others included bleeding rate, liver function, and mortality. RESULTS: This study included a total of 82 patients, with 30 in the recanalization group and 52 in the non-recanalization group. Anticoagulation therapy was the only independent protective factor for portal vein thrombosis recanalization and the independent risk factors included massive ascites, history of splenectomy, Child-Pugh B/C class, and main trunk width of the portal vein. Anticoagulation therapy was associated with a significantly higher rate of PVT recanalization (75.9% vs. 20%, log-rank P < 0.001) and a lower rate of PVT progression (6.9% vs. 54.7%, log-rank P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between different anticoagulation regimens for PVT recanalization. Anticoagulation therapy did not increase the incidence of bleeding complications(P = 0.407). At the end of the study follow-up, Child-Pugh classification, MELD score, and albumin level were better in the anticoagulation group than in the non-anticoagulation group. There was no significant difference in 2-year survival between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Anticoagulation, massive ascites, history of splenectomy, Child-Pugh B/C class, and main portal vein width were associated with portal vein thrombosis recanalization. Anticoagulation may increase the rate of PVT recanalization and decrease the rate of PVT progression without increasing the rate of bleeding. Anticoagulation may be beneficial in improving liver function in patients with PVT in cirrhosis.
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Anticoagulantes , Cirrose Hepática , Veia Porta , Trombose Venosa , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Ascite/etiologia , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Adulto , EsplenectomiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We previously treated small gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer by precutting endoscopic band ligation but lacked precise pathological results. Then, precutting endoscopic band ligation was modified by additional snare resection after ligation to obtain tumor specimens, termed precutting endoscopic band ligation-assisted resection. AIMS: In this study, we aimed to explore the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of precutting endoscopic band ligation-assisted resection. METHODS: From 2021 to 2022, a total of 16 consecutive patients underwent precutting endoscopic band ligation-assisted resection to treat small gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria. The clinical demography, perioperative data, and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: With a mean operative time of 21.3 min, all lesions were successfully and completely resected, and no severe adverse events or local recurrences occurred postoperatively. More importantly, en bloc and R0 resection were achieved in all 16 patients. CONCLUSION: Precutting endoscopic band ligation-assisted resection is a safe, effective, and time-saving endoscopic technique for managing gastric small gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria for both diagnosis and eradication.
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Mucosa Gástrica , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Ligadura/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mucosa Gástrica/cirurgia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Idoso , Adulto , Resultado do Tratamento , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/métodos , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/efeitos adversos , Duração da Cirurgia , Gastroscopia/métodos , Estudos de ViabilidadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: Oocyte maturation defect (OOMD) is a rare cause of in vitro fertilization failure characterized by the production of immature oocytes. Compound heterozygous or homozygous PATL2 mutations have been associated with oocyte arrest at the germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), and metaphase II (MII) stages, as well as morphological changes. METHODS: In this study, we recruited three OOMD cases and conducted a comprehensive multiplatform laboratory investigation. RESULTS: Whole exome sequence (WES) revealed four diagnostic variants in PATL2, nonsense mutation c.709C > T (p.R237*) and frameshift mutation c.1486_1487delinsT (p.A496Sfs*4) were novel mutations that have not been reported previously. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of these variants was predicted using in silico analysis, which indicated detrimental effects. Molecular dynamic analysis suggested that the A496S variant disrupted the hydrophobic segment, leading to structural changes that affected the overall protein folding and stability. Additionally, biochemical and molecular experiments were conducted on cells transfected with wild-type (WT) or mutant PATL2 (p.R237* and p.A496Sfs*4) plasmid vectors. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that PATL2A496Sfs*4 and PATL2R237* had impacts on protein size and expression level. Interestingly, expression levels of specific genes involved in oocyte maturation and early embryonic development were found to be simultaneously deregulated. The findings in our study expand the variation spectrum of the PATL2 gene, provide solid evidence for counseling on future pregnancies in affected families, strongly support the application of in the diagnosis of OOMD, and contribute to the understanding of PATL2 function.
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Sequenciamento do Exoma , Infertilidade Feminina , Proteínas Nucleares , Oócitos , Oogênese , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Códon sem Sentido/genética , Fertilização in vitro , Mutação da Fase de Leitura/genética , Infertilidade Feminina/genética , Infertilidade Feminina/patologia , Mutação/genética , Oócitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oócitos/patologia , Oócitos/metabolismo , Oogênese/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genéticaRESUMO
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing, and the sleep quality of patients with diabetes mellitus is often affected. Baduanjin may act on biological rhythm of the body, skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle fibers and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) by regulating the expression of Bmal1 gene, thus regulating the blood glucose level and circadian rhythm of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and improving their physiological functions. This article reviews the regulatory effect and mechanism of Baduanjin on Bmal1 gene expression in diabetes patients, and discusses the possibility of Baduanjin to improve the sleep quality of T2DM patients by regulating Bmal1 gene expression. This review can provide a new field for the clinical application of traditional Chinese Qigong Baduanjin, and provide a new scientific basis for exercise therapy of diabetes.
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Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL/genética , Fatores de Transcrição ARNTL/metabolismo , Qualidade do Sono , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Qigong/métodos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease (PD) remain complex, which is especially problematic for nonmovement disorder experts. A test is required to establish a diagnosis of PD with improved accuracy and reproducibility. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of tests using sniffer dogs to diagnose PD. METHODS: A prospective, diagnostic case-control study was conducted in four tertiary medical centers in China to evaluate the accuracy of sniffer dogs to distinguish between 109 clinically established medicated patients with PD, 654 subjects without PD, 37 drug-naïve patients with PD, and 185 non-PD controls. The primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of sniffer dog's identification. RESULTS: In the study with patients who were medicated, when two or all three sniffer dogs yielded positive detection results in a sample tested, the index test sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 91% (95% CI: 84%-96%), 95% (95% CI: 93%-97%), and 19.16 (95% CI: 13.52-27.16) and 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05-0.17), respectively. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios in patients who were drug-naïve were 89% (95% CI: 75%-96%), 86% (95% CI: 81%-91%), and 6.6 (95% CI: 4.51-9.66) and 0.13 (95% CI: 0.05-0.32), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Tests using sniffer dogs may be a useful, noninvasive, fast, and cost-effective method to identify patients with PD in community screening and health prevention checkups as well as in neurological practice. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Doença de Parkinson , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cães , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Cães TrabalhadoresRESUMO
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is known to occur in three main forms, namely autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) and syndromic PKD (SPKD), based on the clinical manifestations and genetic causes, which are diagnosable from the embryo stage to the later stages of life. Selection of the genetic test for the individuals with diagnostic imaging reports of cystic kidneys without a family history of the disease continues to be a challenge in clinical practice. With the objective of maintaining a limit on the time and medical cost of the procedure, a practical strategy for genotyping and targeted validation to resolve cystogene variations was developed in our clinical laboratory, which combined the techniques of whole-exome sequencing (WES), Long-range PCR (LR-PCR), Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to work in a stepwise approach. In this context, twenty-six families with renal polycystic disorders were enrolled in the present study. Thirty-two variants involving four ciliary genes (PKD1, PKHD1, TMEM67 and TMEM107) were identified and verified in 23 families (88.5%, 23/26), which expanded the variant spectrum by 16 novel variants. Pathogenic variations in five foetuses of six families diagnosed with PKD were identified using prenatal ultrasound imaging. Constitutional biallelic and digenic variations constituted the pathogenic patterns in these foetuses. The preliminary clinical data highlighted that the WES + LR PCR-based workflow followed in the present study is efficient in detecting divergent variations in PKD. The biallelic and digenic mutations were revealed as the main pathogenic patterns in the foetuses with PKD.
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BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinated disease of the central nervous system. Activation of microglia is involved in the pathogenesis of myelin loss. OBJECTIVE: This study is focused on the role of Hv1 in regulating demyelination and microglial activation through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-mediated demyelination. We also explored autophagy in this process. METHODS: A model of demyelination using two-point LPC injection into the corpus callosum was established. LFB staining, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and electron microscopy were used to study the severity of demyelination. Microglial phenotype and autophagy were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Morris water maze was used to test spatial learning and memory ability. RESULTS: We have identified that LPC-mediated myelin damage was reduced by Hv1 deficiency. Furthermore, we found that ROS and autophagy of microglia increased in the demyelination region, which was also inhibited by Hv1 knockout. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that microglial Hv1 deficiency ameliorates demyelination through inhibition of ROS-mediated autophagy and microglial phenotypic transformation.
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Autofagia/fisiologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/metabolismo , Canais Iônicos/deficiência , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/toxicidade , Microglia/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Desmielinizantes/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/patologiaRESUMO
Homocysteine (Hcy) accelerates neuronal senescence and induces age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Silence signal regulating factor 1 (SIRT1) prolongs lifespan and takes neuroprotective effects. We have previously demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) prevents Hcy-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells and has neuroprotective effect. In the present work, we aimed to investigate whether H2S protects HT22 cells against Hcy-induced neuronal senescence and whether SIRT1 mediates this role of H2S. We found that Hcy induced cellular senescence in HT22 cells, as determined by ß-galactosidase staining, expressions of P16INK4a, P21CIPL, and trypan blue Staining, which are the markers of cellular senescence. However, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, the donor of H2S) significantly reversed Hcy-induced cellular senescence. Interestingly, NaHS not only up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 in HT22 cells but also reversed Hcy-downregulated the expression of SIRT1 in HT22 cells. Furthermore, we found that pretreatment with Sirtinol (an inhibitor of SIRT1) markedly reversed the protection of NaHS against Hcy-induced HT22 cells senescence and apoptosis. Our findings illustrated that H2S protects HT22 cells against Hcy-induced senescence by up-regulating SIRT1.
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Senescência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Homocisteína/farmacologia , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , HumanosRESUMO
High-purity hydrogen produced by water splitting is considered as one of the most promising fuels to replace traditional fossil fuels. Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution is vital for the realization of large-scale H2 generation. Glycerol is used herein in a facile solvothermal process to synthesize edge-rich ultrathin MoS2 /reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites. The introduction of glycerol plays an important role in the formation of such interesting structures. The MoS2 /RGO electrocatalyst exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and remarkable stability, owing to the rich active edges and improved electrical conductivity of the catalyst composites. This work provides new insights to engineer the structures of MoSx -based composites and thus achieves more active and efficient electrocatalysts.
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BACKGROUND: Conversion to total hip arthroplasty (CTHA) is a relatively common procedure after a failed dynamic hip screw (DHS) or proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) fixation of intertrochanteric fractures, but there have been far fewer reports specifically describing the long-term results of CTHA after failed treatments of stable intertrochanteric fractures with DHS or PFNA. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of CTHA after failed PFNA or DHS fixations of stable intertrochanteric fractures after a minimum follow-up of 3 years. METHODS: Between January 2005 and April 2014, we retrospectively reviewed 142 active elderly patients treated at our institution (a single institution study). A total of 72 patients (72 hips; 41 women, 31 men; mean age 76.9 years old; range 60-92 years old) who underwent conversion of a failed PFNA to a THA were compared with 70 patients (70 hips; 36 women, 34 men; mean age 75.0 years old; range 60-90 years old) who underwent CTHA after a failed DHS fixation. The mean follow-up periods were 48 (range 43-52) and 48 (range 44-52) months for the DHS and PFNA groups, respectively. Clinical and radiologic evaluations were performed on all patients. The primary outcome was the Harris Hip Score (HHS). The secondary outcomes were the complication rates. RESULTS: The Harris Hip Score (HHS) improved from 50.61 ± 3.23 preoperatively to 85.28 ± 4.45 at the last follow-up in the PFNA group and from 51.46 ± 3.90 to 84.50 ± 4.34 in the DHS group, with no significant differences noted between the groups at each follow-up (P > 0.05). However, the complication rate in the converted DHS patients was significantly higher (42.9%) than that in the converted PFNA patients (20.8%; P = 0.003). Thirty-seven PFFs (2.4%) occurred during a mean follow-up of 44.4 months. The incidence of periprosthetic fractures was found to be significantly higher (P = 0.021) for the DHS group (15.7%) than for the PFNA group (4.2%). CONCLUSIONS: CTHA after failed DHS fixations of stable intertrochanteric fractures might be associated with a significantly higher complication rate than CTHA after failed PFNA fixations. Therefore, PFNA patients with stable intertrochanteric fractures may be more suitable for CTHA.
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Artroplastia de Quadril/instrumentação , Artroplastia de Quadril/tendências , Pinos Ortopédicos/tendências , Parafusos Ósseos/tendências , Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Rotação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Feminino , Fraturas do Colo Femoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas do Colo Femoral/cirurgia , Fêmur , Seguimentos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/instrumentação , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/tendências , Fraturas do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Falha de Tratamento , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective: This study aims to comprehensively evaluate embolization coils in treating postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF). Methods: A systematic review based on PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library studies was conducted. All cases receiving embolization coils in treating postoperative BPF were included. The primary outcome was the efficacy of embolization coils in achieving closure of postoperative BPF. Results: 20 patients from 9 studies were included in this systematic review. A median number of 3 (range: 1-10) embolization coils with sealants obtained a complete closure rate of 80% in patients with postoperative BPF with sizes ranging from 2 to 3.1 mm. Three patients with BPF over 3 mm and one with multiple organ failure failed this treatment. Two cases of coil migration were reported without causing respiratory failure or fistula recurrence. Conclusion: Embolization coils might be considered a safe and effective bronchoscopic treatment for small postoperative BPF of less than 3 mm in size. More extensive and rigorous studies are needed to further evaluate and confirm the optimal use of embolization coils in the context of an alternative to surgical repair.
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BACKGROUND: The management of small gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria layer (SMT-MPs) remains a subject of debate. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently considered the optimal treatment for resection. However, high expenses, complex procedures, and the risk of complications have limited its application. Our previously proposed novel operation, precutting endoscopic band ligation (precutting EBL), has been demonstrated in a long-term, single-arm study to be an effective and safe technique for removing small gastric SMTs. However, the absence of a pathological examination and the potential for delayed perforation have raised concerns. Thus, we modified the precutting EBL by adding endoscopic resection to the snare after ligation and closure, yielding the precutting endoscopic band ligation-assisted resection (precutting EBLR). Moreover, the initial pilot study confirmed the safety and efficacy of the proposed approach and we planned a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to further validate its clinical feasibility. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center, open-label, parallel group, and randomized controlled trial. Approximately 40 patients with SMT-MPs will be included in this trial. The patients included were allocated to two groups: ESD and precutting EBLR. The basic clinical data of the patients were collected in detail. To better quantify the difference between ESD and precutting EBLR, the primary outcome was set as the operation duration. The secondary outcomes included total operation cost and hospitalization, intraoperative adverse events, and postoperative recurrence. The primary outcome was tested for superiority, while the secondary outcomes were tested for noninferiority. SPSS is commonly used for statistical analysis. DISCUSSION: This study was designed to validate the feasibility of a novel operation for removing gastric SMT-MPs. To intuitively assess this phenomenon, the operation durations of precutting EBLR and ESD were compared, and other outcomes were also recorded comprehensively. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200065473 . Registered on November 5, 2022.
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Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/efeitos adversos , Ligadura , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
As a commonly used filler, CaCO3 frequently finds its way into recycled polypropylene (rPP) as a contaminant during the mechanical recycling process. Given the substantial impact of CaCO3 on the properties of PP materials, close monitoring of their content is important to ensure the quality of rPP. In the present work, Raman spectrometry was employed to develop a rapid, accurate, and convenient method for determining CaCO3 content in rPP. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used to construct prediction models. Various spectrum pretreatment methods, including multivariate scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate transformation (SNV), smoothing, and first derivative, were investigated to improve the model performance. In independent validation, the optimal PLS model reached an R 2 of 0.9735 and a root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.7786 CaCO3 wt %. Furthermore, linear and second-order polynomial regressions, utilizing the intensity ratios of characteristic CaCO3 and PP Raman peaks, were conducted. The most effective quadratic regression curve demonstrated superior independent validation performance with an R 2 of 0.9926 and an RMSEP of 1.6999 CaCO3 wt %. Validation with recycled PP samples confirmed that the quadratic regression was more accurate and reliable to quantify CaCO3 in rPP. The observed quadratic relationship between the CaCO3 and PP Raman peak intensity ratio and the CaCO3 wt % can be attributed to the significant difference in the densities of the two components. The outcomes of this research will help to facilitate the proper recycling of PP materials.
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Two-dimensional materials with ultrahigh in-plane thermal conductivity are ideal for heat spreader applications but cause significant thermal contact resistance in complex interfaces, limiting their use as thermal interface materials. In this study, we present an interfacial phonon bridge strategy to reduce the thermal contact resistance of boron nitride nanosheets-based composites. By using a low-molecular-weight polymer, we are able to manipulate the alignment of boron nitride nanosheets through sequential stacking and cutting, ultimately achieving flexible thin films with a layer of arc-like structure superimposed on perpendicularly aligned ones. Our results suggest that arc-like structure can act as a phonon bridge to lower the contact resistance by 70% through reducing phonon back-reflection and enhancing phonon coupling efficiency at the boundary. The resulting composites exhibit ultralow thermal contact resistance of 0.059 in2 KW-1, demonstrating effective cooling of fast-charging batteries at a thickness 2-5 times thinner than commercial products.
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Salmonella is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing foodborne diseases. In this study, a novel electrochemical immunosensor was designed for the rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) in milk. Platinum nanoparticles and Co/Zn-metal-organic framework @carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotubes in the immunosensor acted synergistically to enhance the sensing sensitivity and stability. The materials and sensors were characterised using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and other techniques. The optimised immunosensor showed a linear response for S. typhimurium concentrations in the range from 1.3 × 102 to 1.3 × 108 CFU mL-1, with a detection limit of 9.4 × 101 CFU mL-1. The assay also demonstrates good specificity, reproducibility, stability, and practical application potential, and the method can be extended to other foodborne pathogens.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Nanotubos de Carbono , Animais , Salmonella typhimurium , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Leite/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Platina/química , Imunoensaio , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Limite de Detecção , Ouro/químicaRESUMO
Our previous studies have reported that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has ability to improve diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD), but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Recent research reveals that Warburg effect is associated with synaptic plasticity which plays a key role in cognition promotion. Herein, the present study was aimed to demonstrate whether hippocampal Warburg effect contributes to H2S-ameliorated DACD and further explore its potential mechanism. We found that H2S promoted the hippocampal Warburg effect and inhibited the OxPhos in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. It also improved the hippocampal synaptic plasticity in STZ-induced diabetic rats, as evidenced by the change of microstructures and the expression of different key-enzymes. Furthermore, inhibited hippocampal Warburg effect induced by DCA markedly abolished the improvement of H2S on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. DCA blocked H2S-attenuated the cognitive dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic rats, according to the Y-maze, Novel Objective Recognition, and Morris Water Maze tests. Collectively, these findings indicated that the hippocampal Warburg effect mediates H2S-ameliorated DACD by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity.