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1.
Mol Biol Evol ; 38(9): 3556-3566, 2021 08 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33892509

RESUMO

Speciation is a process whereby the evolution of reproductive barriers leads to isolated species. Although many studies have addressed large-effect genetic footprints in the advanced stages of speciation, the genetics of reproductive isolation in nascent stage of speciation remains unclear. Here, we show that pig domestication offers an interesting model for studying the early stages of speciation in great details. Pig breeds have not evolved the large X-effect of hybrid incompatibility commonly observed between "good species." Instead, deleterious epistatic interactions among multiple autosomal loci are common. These weak Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities confer partial hybrid inviability with sex biases in crosses between European and East Asian domestic pigs. The genomic incompatibility is enriched in pathways for angiogenesis, androgen receptor signaling and immunity, with an observation of many highly differentiated cis-regulatory variants. Our study suggests that partial hybrid inviability caused by pervasive but weak interactions among autosomal loci may be a hallmark of nascent speciation in mammals.


Assuntos
Especiação Genética , Hibridização Genética , Animais , Domesticação , Mamíferos , Modelos Genéticos , Isolamento Reprodutivo , Suínos/genética
2.
Mol Genet Genomics ; 291(5): 1885-90, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27307002

RESUMO

In China, sparerib is one of the most valuable parts of the pork carcass. As a result, candidate gene mining for number of ribs has become an interesting study focus. To examine the genetic basis for this major trait, we genotyped 596 individuals from an F2 Large White × Minzhu intercross pig population using the PorcineSNP60 Genotyping BeadChip. The genome-wide association study identified a locus for number of ribs in a 2.38-Mb region on Sus scrofa chromosome 7 (SSC7 of Sus scrofa genome assembly, Sscrofa10.2). We identified the top significant SNP ASGA0035536, which explained 16.51 % of the phenotypic variance. A previously reported candidate causal mutation (g.19034 A>C) in vertebrae development-associated gene VRTN explained 8.79 % of the phenotypic variation on number of ribs and had a much lower effect than ASGA0035536. Haplotype sharing analysis in F1 boars localized the rib number QTL to a 951-kb interval on SSC7. This interval encompassed 17 annotated genes in Sscrofa10.2, including the previously reported VRTN candidate gene. Of the 17 candidate genes, LTBP2, which encodes a latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein, was previously reported to indirectly regulate the activity of growth differentiation factor Gdf11, which has been shown to increase the number of ribs in knock-out mice. Thus, we propose LTBP2 as a good new candidate gene for number of ribs in the pig population. This finding advances our understanding of the genetic architecture of rib number in pigs.


Assuntos
Cromossomos de Mamíferos/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a TGF-beta Latente/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Sus scrofa/genética , Animais , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Costelas , Suínos
3.
Genet Sel Evol ; 46: 56, 2014 Nov 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25366846

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In pig, limb bone length influences ham yield and body height to a great extent and has important economic implications for pig industry. In this study, an intercross population was constructed between the indigenous Chinese Minzhu pig breed and the western commercial Large White pig breed to examine the genetic basis for variation in limb bone length. The aim of this study was to detect potential genetic variants associated with porcine limb bone length. METHODS: A total of 571 F2 individuals from a Large White and Minzhu intercross population were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K Beadchip, and phenotyped for femur length (FL), humerus length (HL), hipbone length (HIPL), scapula length (SL), tibia length (TL), and ulna length (UL). A genome-wide association study was performed by applying the previously reported approach of genome-wide rapid association using mixed model and regression. Statistical significance of the associations was based on Bonferroni-corrected P-values. RESULTS: A total of 39 significant SNPs were mapped to a 11.93 Mb long region on pig chromosome 7 (SSC7). Linkage analysis of these significant SNPs revealed three haplotype blocks of 495 kb, 376 kb and 492 kb, respectively, in the 11.93 Mb region. Annotation based on the pig reference genome identified 15 genes that were located near or contained the significant SNPs in these linkage disequilibrium intervals. Conditioned analysis revealed that four SNPs, one on SSC2 and three on SSC4, showed significant associations with SL and HL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the 15 annotated genes that were identified in these three haplotype blocks indicated that HMGA1 and PPARD, which are expressed in limbs and influence chondrocyte cell growth and differentiation, could be considered as relevant biological candidates for limb bone length in pig, with potential applications in breeding programs. Our results may also be useful for the study of the mechanisms that underlie human limb length and body height.


Assuntos
Variação Anatômica/genética , Ossos da Extremidade Inferior/anatomia & histologia , Ossos da Extremidade Superior/anatomia & histologia , Proteínas HMGA/genética , PPAR delta/genética , Sus scrofa/genética , Animais , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Feminino , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Haplótipos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Sus scrofa/anatomia & histologia
4.
Yi Chuan ; 31(6): 615-9, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19586862

RESUMO

Taking BF gene as one of the candidate genes influencing on reproductive traits in present study, this study used PCR-RFLP analyzised the polymorphism of intron 1 of BF gene in Large White sows. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) named as BF-intron 1-C79T was detected. And the three genotypes of CC, CT, TT got fitted Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with chi2-fitness test. An association analysis was tested between the genetic polymorphism at intron 1 and total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), born weight (BW) and placental efficiency (PE) respectively. It showed that, at first parity, the TNB, NBA, BW and PE with CC genotype were higher than those with CT genotype but not significant (P>0.05). Meanwhile, in multiparous sow population, the TNB, NBA and PE with CC genotype were significantly more than those with TT genotype (P<0.05), with increase of 3.45, 3.92, and 23.80%, respectively. Thus BF-intron 1-C79T is suggested to be a potential genetic marker for the breeding on the reproductive traits and placental efficiency.


Assuntos
Fator B do Complemento/genética , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Reprodução/genética , Animais , Fator B do Complemento/fisiologia , Feminino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Paridade , Placenta/fisiologia , Testes de Função Placentária , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Gravidez , Maturidade Sexual , Sus scrofa , Suínos
6.
Yi Chuan ; 26(4): 522-4, 2004 Jul.
Artigo em Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15640054

RESUMO

The genomic DNAs from six chicken breeds in China were amplified using two microsatellite primers. The PCR products were detected by non-denatured and denatured PAGE gels respectively, and the gels were dyed by silver. There were distinct differences between the two kinds of gel. In non-denatured gels. There were many nonspecific bands while clear purposed bands were showed in denatured gels.


Assuntos
Galinhas/genética , DNA/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Animais , Galinhas/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Coloração pela Prata
7.
Anim Sci J ; 85(12): 969-75, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24961654

RESUMO

A high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array containing 62 163 markers was employed for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with lean meat in ham (LMH, %) and lean meat percentage (LMP, %) within a porcine Large White×Minzhu intercross population. For each individual, LMH and LMP were measured after slaughter at the age of 240±7 days. A total of 557 F2 animals were genotyped. The GWAS revealed that 21 SNPs showed significant genome-wide or chromosome-wide associations with LMH and LMP by the Genome-wide Rapid Association using Mixed Model and Regression-Genomic Control approach. Nineteen significant genome-wide SNPs were mapped to the distal end of Sus Scrofa Chromosome (SSC) 2, where a major known gene responsible for muscle mass, IGF2 is located. A conditioned analysis, in which the genotype of the strongest associated SNP is included as a fixed effect in the model, showed that those significant SNPs on SSC2 were derived from a single quantitative trait locus. The two chromosome-wide association SNPs on SSC1 disappeared after conditioned analysis suggested the association signal is a false association derived from using a F2 population. The present result is expected to lead to novel insights into muscle mass in different pig breeds and lays a preliminary foundation for follow-up studies for identification of causal mutations for subsequent application in marker-assisted selection programs for improving muscle mass in pigs.


Assuntos
Cromossomos de Mamíferos , Loci Gênicos/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Carne , Músculos/anatomia & histologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Suínos/genética , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Suínos/anatomia & histologia
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