Temporally modulating laser pulses to stabilize LIBS measurement locations under large gas temperature gradients.

In combustion research, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been widely employed in local equivalence ratio measurement. However, the potential temperature gradients in the probe volume can significantly affect the shape of induced plasmas, resulting in unstable measurement locations. In this work, we improved the stability of measurement locations by modulating the laser pulse duration. In a hot-cold gas flow interface with large temperature gradients, when using the original laser pulse with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4 ns, the locations of initial plasma core were insensitive to gradient variations; however, the plasma expansion behaviors differed significantly after 3 ns. The hot spots of plasmas diverged bi-directionally under high temperature, resulting in two-lobe structures and unstable measurement locations. After the laser pulse was modulated to a shorter duration using a pressure chamber, the plasma expansion was suppressed which constrained the plasma volume. Specifically, using a modulated pulse with a FWHM of 1.9 ns, the two-lobe structure was eliminated across the interface, and the standard deviation of measurement locations was reduced to 0.27 mm. The measured equivalence ratios across the interface showed favorable agreement with the simulation.

Floating on groundwater: Insight of multi-source remote sensing for Qaidam basin.

Situated in the north of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Qaidam Basin experiences limited precipitation and significant evaporation. Despite these conditions, it stands out as one of the most densely distributed lakes in China. The formation of these lakes is controversial: whether the lake water primarily originates from local precipitation or external water sources. To address this issue, this paper explores the recharge sources of lakes in the Qaidam Basin and the circulation patterns of groundwater from a remote sensing perspective. Based on deep learning networks, we optimized the soft object regions of the Object-Contextual Representations Network (OCRNet) and proposed the Remote·Sensing Adaptive-Improved OCRNet (RSA-IOCRNet). Compared with seven other networks, RSA-IOCRNet obtained better experimental results and was used to construct an area sequence of 16 major lakes in the Qaidam Basin. Combined with multi-source data, the comprehensive analysis indicates no significant correlation between climatic factors and lake changes, while an obvious correlation between lakes and groundwater changes in the eastern Qaidam, consisting with the results of the field survey. Deep-circulating groundwater recharges numerous Qaidam lakes through upwelling from fault zones, such as Gasikule Lake and Xiaochaidan Lake. Groundwater in the Qaidam Basin is more depleted in hydrogen-oxygen isotope characteristics than surface water in the basin, but similar to some river water in the endorheic Tibetan Plateau. This indicates that Tibetan seepage water, estimated at approximately 540 billion m3/a, is transported through the Qaidam Basin via deep circulation. Moreover, it rises to recharge the groundwater and lakes within this basin through fracture zones, extending to various arid and semi-arid regions such as Taitema Lake. This work provides a new perspective on the impact of deep groundwater on lakes and water circulation in these areas.

Effects of quality nursing on the surgical site wound infections in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery: A meta-analysis.

The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the effects of quality nursing on wound infections and postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Computerised searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases were conducted from database inception to October 2023 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of quality nursing to patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. The studies were screened and evaluated by two researchers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the included studies. Stata software (version 17.0) was used for all analyses performed. A total of 18 RCTs and 1742 patients were included, including 972 in the quality nursing group and 870 in the routine nursing group. The analysis revealed that compared with routine nursing, patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery who received quality nursing care were significantly less likely to experience postoperative wound infections (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19-0.51, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.24. 95% CI: 0.17-0.33, p < 0.001). The implementation of quality nursing in clinical care after cardiothoracic surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of wound infections and postoperative complications, and is worthy of promotion and clinical application.

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of novel pleuromutilin derivatives containing substituted benzoxazole as antibacterial agents.

A series of pleuromutilin analogs containing substituted benzoxazole were designed, synthesised, and assessed for their antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro. The MIC of the synthesised derivatives was initially assessed using the broth dilution method against four strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, S. aureus ATCC 29213, clinical isolation of S. aureus AD3 and S. aureus 144). Most of the synthesised derivatives displayed prominent in vitro activity (MIC ≤ 0.5 µg/mL). Compounds 50 and 57 exhibited the most effective antibacterial effect against MRSA (MIC = 0.125 µg/mL). Furthermore, the time-kill curves showed that compounds 50 and 57 had a certain inhibitory effect against MRSA in vitro. The in vivo antibacterial activity of compound 50 was evaluated further using a murine thigh model infected with MRSA (-1.24 log10CFU/mL). Compound 50 exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy to tiamulin. It was also found that compound 50 did not display significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular docking study revealed that compound 50 can effectively bind to the active site of the 50S ribosome (the binding free energy -7.50 kcal/mol).

Robust Point Cloud Registration Network for Complex Conditions.

Point cloud registration is widely used in autonomous driving, SLAM, and 3D reconstruction, and it aims to align point clouds from different viewpoints or poses under the same coordinate system. However, point cloud registration is challenging in complex situations, such as a large initial pose difference, high noise, or incomplete overlap, which will cause point cloud registration failure or mismatching. To address the shortcomings of the existing registration algorithms, this paper designed a new coarse-to-fine registration two-stage point cloud registration network, CCRNet, which utilizes an end-to-end form to perform the registration task for point clouds. The multi-scale feature extraction module, coarse registration prediction module, and fine registration prediction module designed in this paper can robustly and accurately register two point clouds without iterations. CCRNet can link the feature information between two point clouds and solve the problems of high noise and incomplete overlap by using a soft correspondence matrix. In the standard dataset ModelNet40, in cases of large initial pose difference, high noise, and incomplete overlap, the accuracy of our method, compared with the second-best popular registration algorithm, was improved by 7.0%, 7.8%, and 22.7% on the MAE, respectively. Experiments showed that our CCRNet method has advantages in registration results in a variety of complex conditions.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives containing benzimidazoles as effective anti-MRSA agents.

A series of pleuromutilin derivatives containing benzimidazole were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in this study. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized derivatives against four strains of S. aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus 144, and S. aureus AD3) were determined by the broth dilution method. Among these derivatives, compound 58 exhibited superior in vitro antibacterial effect against MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 0.0625 µg/mL) than tiamulin (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL). Compound 58 possessed a faster bactericidal kinetic and a longer post-antibiotic effect time against MRSA than tiamulin. Meanwhile, at 8 µg/mL concentration, compound 58 did not display obviously cytotoxic effect on the RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, compound 58 (-2.04 log10 CFU/mL) displayed superior in vivo antibacterial efficacy than tiamulin (-1.02 log10 CFU/mL) in reducing MRSA load in mice thigh infection model. In molecular docking study, compound 58 can successfully attach to the 50S ribosomal active site (the binding free energy is -8.11 kcal/mol). Therefore, compound 58 was a potential antibacterial candidate for combating MRSA infections.

Identification of Potential Mechanisms of Rk1 Combination with Rg5 in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.

In this study, we aimed to explore the potential targets and functional mechanisms of Rk1 combined with Rg5 (Rk1+Rg5) against type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict and verify the targets and signaling pathways of Rk1+Rg5 against T2DM. The results were further confirmed by a db/db mouse model and a model using PA-induced L6 cells. According to network pharmacology, a total of 250 core targets of Rk1+Rg5 towards T2DM were identified; the insulin resistance signaling pathways were enriched by KEGG. Results of molecular docking indicated good binding affinity of Rk1 and Rg5 to Akt1. In vivo and in vitro studies further showed that Rk1+Rg5 is an inhibitor of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The results showed that Rk1+Rg5 significantly improved the hyperglycemic state of db/db mice, alleviated dyslipidemia, and promoted skeletal muscle glucose uptake. This phenomenon was closely related to the alleviation of the insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Finally, the combination activated the Akt signaling pathway and promoted GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane for glucose uptake. Altogether, our findings, for the first time, demonstrate that the combination of Rk1 and Rg5 could be beneficial for anti-T2DM, possibly involving ameliorated insulin resistance.

Population pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of polymyxin B in paediatric patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.

BACKGROUND: Current polymyxin B dosing in children relies on scant data. OBJECTIVES: To build a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for polymyxin B in paediatric patients and assess the likely appropriateness of different dosages. METHODS: A total of 19 paediatric patients were enrolled to receive intravenous polymyxin B (1.33-2.53 mg/kg/day), and the median age was 12.5 (range 3.2-17.8) years. Serial plasma samples were collected at steady-state and modelled by population PK analysis. Clinical efficacy and nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B treatment were also assessed. RESULTS: PK data were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination, and weight was a significant covariate of polymyxin B clearance. Clinical success occurred in 14 of 19 patients (73.7%) and only one patient developed acute kidney injury. The 28 day mortality was 10.5% (2/19). The steady-state polymyxin B exposure was 36.97 ±â€Š9.84 mg·h/L, lower than the therapeutic exposure of 50-100 mg·h/L. With the AUC24h/MIC target of 50, the dosage of 1.5-3.0 mg/kg/day had a probability of target attainments over 90% when MICs were <0.5 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: Dose adjustment of polymyxin B needs to consider the MIC of infecting pathogens. Current polymyxin B dosing for paediatric patients may be acceptable when MICs are <0.5 mg/L.

Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel pleuromutilin derivatives containing nitrogen heterocycle and alkylamine groups.

A series of pleuromutilin derivatives containing alkylamine and nitrogen heterocycle groups were designed and synthesised under mild conditions. The in vitro antibacterial activity of these semisynthetic derivatives against four strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA ATCC 43300, S.aureus ATCC 29213, S.aureus AD3, and S.aureus 144) were evaluated by the broth dilution method. Compound 13 was found to have excellent antibacterial activity against MRSA (MIC = 0.0625 µg/mL). Furthermore, compound 13 was further studied by the time-killing kinetics and the post-antibiotic effect approach. In the mouse thigh infection model, compound 13 exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy than that of tiamulin. Meanwhile, compound 13 showed a lower inhibitory effect than that of tiamulin on RAW264.7 and 16HBE cells at the concentration of 10 µg/mL. Molecular docking study revealed that compound 13 can effectively bind to the active site of the 50S ribosome (the binding free energy = -9.66 kcal/mol).

Comparing the Population Pharmacokinetics of and Acute Kidney Injury Due to Polymyxin B in Chinese Patients with or without Renal Insufficiency.

Despite excellent bactericidal effect, dosing adjustment of polymyxin B for patients with renal insufficiency and polymyxin B-related nephrotoxicity is still a major concern to clinicians. The aim of this study was to compare the population pharmacokinetics (PK) properties of polymyxin B in Chinese patients with different renal functions and to investigate the relationship between PK parameters and polymyxin B-related acute kidney injury (AKI). A total of 37 patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance ≥ 80 ml/min) and 33 with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 80 ml/min) were included. In the two-compartment population PK models, the central compartment clearance (CL) (2.19 liters/h versus 1.58 liters/h; P < 0.001) and intercompartmental clearance (Q) (13.83 liters/h versus 10.28 liters/h; P < 0.001) values were significantly different between the two groups. The simulated values for AUC across 24 h at steady state (AUCss,24h) for patients with normal renal function were higher than those for patients with renal insufficiency. However, renal dosing adjustment of polymyxin B seemed not to be necessary. In addition, during the treatment, AKI occurred in 23 (32.86%) patients. The polymyxin B AUCss,24h in patients with AKI was significantly higher than that in patients without AKI (108.66 ± 70.10 mg · h/liter versus 66.18 ± 34.79 mg · h/liter; P = 0.001). Both the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis showed that an AUCss,24h of >100 mg · h/liter was a good predictor for the probability of nephrotoxicity.

Large-scale evidence for microbial response and associated carbon release after permafrost thaw.

Permafrost thaw could trigger the release of greenhouse gases through microbial decomposition of the large quantities of carbon (C) stored within frozen soils. However, accurate evaluation of soil C emissions from thawing permafrost is still a big challenge, partly due to our inadequate understanding about the response of microbial communities and their linkage with soil C release upon permafrost thaw. Based on a large-scale permafrost sampling across 24 sites on the Tibetan Plateau, we employed meta-genomic technologies (GeoChip and Illumina MiSeq sequencing) to explore the impacts of permafrost thaw (permafrost samples were incubated for 11 days at 5°C) on microbial taxonomic and functional communities, and then conducted a laboratory incubation to investigate the linkage of microbial taxonomic and functional diversity with soil C release after permafrost thaw. We found that bacterial and fungal α diversity decreased, but functional gene diversity and the normalized relative abundance of C degradation genes increased after permafrost thaw, reflecting the rapid microbial response to permafrost thaw. Moreover, both the microbial taxonomic and functional community structures differed between the thawed permafrost and formerly frozen soils. Furthermore, soil C release rate over five month incubation was associated with microbial functional diversity and C degradation gene abundances. By contrast, neither microbial taxonomic diversity nor community structure exhibited any significant effects on soil C release over the incubation period. These findings demonstrate that permafrost thaw could accelerate C emissions by altering the function potentials of microbial communities rather than taxonomic diversity, highlighting the crucial role of microbial functional genes in mediating the responses of permafrost C cycle to climate warming.

Methanogenic Community, CH4 Production Potential and Its Determinants in the Active Layer and Permafrost Deposits on the Tibetan Plateau.

Permafrost thaw could increase methane (CH4) emissions, which largely depends on CH4 production driven by methanogenic archaea. However, large-scale evidence regarding key methanogenic taxa and their relative importance to abiotic factors in mediating methanogenesis remains limited. Here, we explored the methanogenic community, potential CH4 production and its determinants in the active layer and permafrost deposits based on soil samples acquired from 12 swamp meadow sites along a ∼1000 km permafrost transect on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results revealed lower CH4 production potential, mcrA gene abundance, and richness in the permafrost layer than those in the active layer. CH4 production potential in both soil layers was regulated by microbial and abiotic factors. Of the microbial properties, marker OTUs, rather than the abundance and diversity of methanogens, stimulated CH4 production potential. Marker OTUs differed between the two soil layers with hydrogenotrophic Methanocellales and facultative acetoclastic Methanosarcina predominant in regulating CH4 production potential in the permafrost and active layer, respectively. Besides microbial drivers, CH4 production potential increased with the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in both soil layers and was also stimulated by soil moisture in the permafrost layer. These results provide empirical evidence for model improvements to better predict permafrost carbon feedback to climate warming.

Prognostic value of the systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have evaluated the prognostic role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with breast cancer, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, in this context, we aimed to identify the prognostic and clinicopathological value of the SII in patients with breast cancer by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS: A literature search was using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles, from their inception to May 12, 2020. The prognostic value of the SII in breast cancer was assessed by pooling the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The clinical outcomes included the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). The methodological quality of all the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were combined to evaluate the correlation between the SII and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg funnel plot and the Egger linear regression test. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, version 12.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 2642 patients were included in the current meta-analysis. The combined data showed that patients with a high SII had worse OS (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.33-2.42, p < 0.001), poorer DFS/RFS (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.31-2.46, p < 0.001), and inferior DMFS (HR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.32-2.03, p < 0.001) than patients with a low SII. In addition, a high SII was correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.12-1.69, p = 0.002), higher T stage (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.17-1.89, p < 0.001), advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.07-1.77, p = 0.014), and higher histological grade (OR = 3.71, 95% CI 1.00-13.73, p = 0.049). However, there was no significant association between the SII and the pathological type (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.55-1.23, p = 0.345) or lymphatic invasion (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.82-2.08, p = 0.266). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our meta-analysis suggest that an elevated SII predicts poor survival outcomes and is associated with clinicopathological features that indicate tumor progression of breast cancer.

A Simple and Robust Liquid Chromatography With Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analytical Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymyxin B1 and B2.

BACKGROUND: Polymyxin B is used as the last treatment resort for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. This study aimed to develop and validate a simple and robust liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymyxin B1 and B2. METHODS: Plasma and CSF polymyxin B1 and B2 were chromatographically separated on a Thermo Hypersil GOLD aQ C18 column and detected using electrospray ionization mode coupled with multiple reaction monitoring. Blood and CSF samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected from 15 polymyxin B-treated patients. RESULTS: The calibration curve showed acceptable linearity over 0.2-10 mcg/mL for polymyxin B1 and 0.05-2.5 mcg/mL for B2 in the plasma and CSF, respectively. After validation, according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method validation guideline, this method was applied for polymyxin B1 and B2 quantification in over 100 samples in a clinical study. CONCLUSIONS: A simple and robust method to measure polymyxin B1 and B2 in human CSF was first exploited and validated with good sensitivity and specificity, and successfully applied in polymyxin B pharmacokinetic analysis and therapeutic monitoring in Chinese patients.

Magnitude and Drivers of Potential Methane Oxidation and Production across the Tibetan Alpine Permafrost Region.

Methane (CH4) dynamics across permafrost regions is critical in determining the magnitude and direction of permafrost carbon (C)-climate feedback. However, current studies are mainly derived from the Arctic area, with limited evidence from other permafrost regions. By combining large-scale laboratory incubation across 51 sampling sites with machine learning techniques and bootstrap analysis, here, we determined regional patterns and dominant drivers of CH4 oxidation potential in alpine steppe and meadow (CH4 sink areas) and CH4 production potential in swamp meadow (CH4 source areas) across the Tibetan alpine permafrost region. Our results showed that both CH4 oxidation potential (in alpine steppe and meadow) and CH4 production potential (in swamp meadow) exhibited large variability across various sampling sites, with the median value being 8.7, 9.6, and 11.5 ng g-1 dry soil h-1, respectively. Our results also revealed that methanotroph abundance and soil moisture were two dominant factors regulating CH4 oxidation potential, whereas CH4 production potential was mainly affected by methanogen abundance and the soil organic carbon content, with functional gene abundance acting as the best explaining variable. These results highlight the crucial role of microbes in regulating CH4 dynamics, which should be considered when predicting the permafrost C cycle under future climate scenarios.

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Long-Term Trastuzumab Treatment.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the long-term clinical tolerance and cardiac safety during trastuzumab treatment for patients diagnosed as having breast cancer with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total 105 female cases diagnosed as having breast cancer with high expression of Her2, were treated with trastuzumab (T). All of them underwent electrocardiography monitoring in the process of T treatment. Left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) were estimated using echocardiography before the T treatment and every 3 months. General clinical data and above parameters were collected and reviewed as analysis. RESULTS The mean value of LVEFs with baseline was higher than those at other time points. All LVEFs were more than 50% during the course of trastuzumab treatment. The decline scope ≥15% of LVEFs ranged from 2 months to 16 months, and the ratios were counted for 3.1% at 2 months, 4.3% at 6 months, 3.8% at 10 months, and 5.4% at 16 months. Furthermore, a larger decrease of LVEF during the course occurred mainly in the patients with cumulative dose of A >300 mg/m², without CPD and 16-month duration of T treatment. There was a strong correlation between cumulative dose of A, cyto/cardio-protection drugs (CPD), duration of T, and the change of LVEF (P=0.82, P=0.744, and P=0.717, respectively), which indicated that 3 factors may be associated with the change in LVEF (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The LVEF in patients with trastuzumab treatment was significantly decreased, which may be seen as a favorable benefit-risk ratio for patients undergoing long-term trastuzumab treatment.

Acupuncture with different acupoint combinations for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is beneficial for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). However, the effect of different acupoint combinations on controlling CINV remains unknown. This study aims to compare the effects of distal-proximal point association and local distribution point association on controlling CINV. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is a single-center, randomized controlled trial. A total of 240 participants will be randomly divided into four groups. The control group will receive standard antiemetic only, whereas three acupuncture groups will receive four electro-acupuncture treatments once a day with the standard antiemetic. Acupuncture group I and II will receive distal-proximal point association ("Neiguan (PC6) and Zhongwan (CV12)", and "Zusanli (ST36) and CV12", respectively); Acupuncture group III will receive local distribution point association ("Shangwan (CV13) and CV12"). The primary outcome measures are the frequency and distress of nausea and vomiting. The secondary outcome measures are the grade of constipation and diarrhea, electrogastrogram, quality of life, etc. Assessment is scheduled from the day before chemotherapy to the fifth day of chemotherapy. Follow-ups are performed from the sixth day to the twenty-first day of chemotherapy. DISCUSSION: Results of this trial will help in evaluating the efficacy and safety of electro-acupuncture with different acupoint combinations in the management of CINV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02478047 .

Deciphering the diurnal rhythm regulating mechanism of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 in mouse liver.

Circadian genes play an important role in the field of drug metabolism. Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 is a well-known phase I enzyme which participates in metabolism of many exogenous and endogenous substances, especially production of trimethylamine N-oxide. Here, we aimed to decipher diurnal rhythms of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 expression and activity, and explore the regulation mechanism by clock genes. Our results showed that its mRNA and protein exhibited robust diurnal rhythms in mouse liver and cell lines. Consistently, significant alterations were observed for in vitro microsomal N-oxidation rates of procainamide, which kept in line with its protein expression at different time in wild-type and reverse erythroblastosis virus α knockout mice. Further, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 was negatively regulated by E4 promoter-binding protein 4 in AML12 and Hepa1-6 cells, while it was positively influenced by reverse erythroblastosis virus α and brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed E4 promoter-binding protein 4 inhibited the transcription of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 by binding to a D-box1 element (-1606/-1594 bp), while brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 positively activated the transcription via direct binding to three E-boxes (-863/-858 bp, -507/-498 bp, and -115/-104 bp) in this enzyme promoter. Taken together, this study would be helpful to reveal the mechanism of clock-controlled drug metabolism and facilitate the practice of chrono-therapeutics.

Study of Laser-Induced Multi-Exciton Generation and Dynamics by Multi-Photon Absorption in CdSe Quantum Dots.

Multi-exciton generation by multi-photon absorption under low-energy photons can be thought a reasonable method to reduce the risk of optical damage, especially in photoelectric quantum dot (QD) devices. The lifetime of the multi-exciton state plays a key role in the utilization of photon-induced carriers, which depends on the dynamics of the exciton generation process in materials. In this paper, the exciton generation dynamics of the photon absorption under low-frequency light in CdSe QDs are successfully detected and studied by the temporal resolution transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy method. Since the cooling time of hot excitons extends while the rate of auger recombination is accelerated when incident energy is increased, the filling time of defect states is irregular, and exciton generation experiences a transition from single-photon absorption to multi-photon absorption. This result shows how to change the excitation. Optical parameters can prolong the lifetime of excitons, thus fully extracting excitons and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of QD optoelectronic devices, which provides theoretical and experimental support for the development of QD optoelectronic devices.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of novel resveratrol derivatives as potential multifunctional drugs.

Oxidative stress and inflammation responses are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Therefore, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation have become hot spots in the treatment of diseases. A series of novel resveratrol derivatives which hybrid with benzoylhydrazines were designed, synthesized and assessed for their in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Initially, the antioxidant abilities of resveratrol derivatives were investigated by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP assays. RAW 264.7 macrophages are routinely used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of drugs, so we used it to construct cell models of oxidative stress and inflammation. Among all the derivatives, compound 5 exhibited superior ROS- and NO-inhibitory activities. The molecular mechanism detected by Western blotting showed that compound 5 could significantly activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway and up-regulate the expression of HO-1 to resist oxidative stress stimulated by H2O2. At the same time, it could down-regulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Caspase3 and PARP, alleviating cells damage and apoptosis. In addition, compound 5 dose-dependently inhibited the activation of NF-κB p65/iNOS and MAPKs signaling pathway.