Differential expression of genes in greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) treated by imidacloprid and RNA interference.

BACKGROUND: Insecticides act as toxins, inhibitors of digestion and deterrents, and affect the expression of many genes in insects. To assess key genes associated with the detoxification or regulation of imidacloprid in greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), the transcriptome and digital gene expression (DGE) profile were analyzed using Illumina sequencing. RESULTS: In total, 48 763 494 clean reads were obtained by sequencing. Expression profile analysis showed that 2782 unigenes were differently expressed between the imidacloprid treatment and control groups. After exposure to imidacloprid, the expression levels of 1846 unigenes were upregulated and 936 were downregulated in comparison with controls. Expression patterns of the top 20 highly expressed genes show that they could be involved in the detoxification of imidacloprid. Silencing of multidrug resistance-associated gene (MRA), GATA-binding gene (GAT) and takeout-like precursor gene (TLP) resulted in increasing susceptibility to imidacloprid. CONCLUSIONS: The differentially expressed genes in S. graminum have potential regulatory or detoxification roles in response to imidacloprid. These results should be useful in understanding the molecular mechanisms of greenbug adaption to imidacloprid. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Genetic analysis of hantaviruses carried by reed voles Microtus fortis in China.

To gain more insights into the epidemiology of hantaviruses in China, the hantaviral S, M and L segment sequences were recovered from two Microtus fortis captured in Shenyang and four M. fortis trapped in Yuanjiang in China. Genetic analysis revealed that Shenyang sequences are closely related to the sequences of Fusong strains of Vladivostok virus (VLAV). Interestingly, the complete S segment and partial L segment sequences from Yuanjiang were quite distinct from those of Shenyang and Fusong strains, with up to 18% nucleotide (nt) and 5% amino acid (aa) sequence divergences. The partial M segment sequences (nt 2676-3650) from Yuanjiang were even more divergent from Shenyang and Fusong sequences (>20% and 8%, respectively). On the phylogenetic trees based on the S and partial M and L segment sequences, the Shenyang strains grouped together with Fusong strains. In contrast, four Yuanjiang sequences formed a distinct group that was a sister taxon to the Vladivostok-Fusong-Shenyang group. Our data indicated that the virus carried by M. fortis in Shenyang belong to VLAV. The newly characterized sequences from Yuanjiang might represent a novel distinct hantavirus species. Our results also demonstrated the great genetic diversity and complexity of the M. fortis-associated hantaviruses in China.

[Studies on morphology and histology of Pinellia pedatisecta].

OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence for identification of the morphology and histology of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. METHODS: Using microscope and scanning electron microscope, characteristics of the Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. were studied comparatively. RESULTS: The surface of leaves, fruits, testa and pollen grain of the cultivated Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. showed different characteristics. CONCLUSION: The results of the study can be used for the identification of the Pinellia pedatisecta Schott. in Shandong.

[The influence of steaming processing on components in Chinese medicine by HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of steaming processing on components in Chinese medicine. METHODS: RP-HPLC was used to separate and detect every, components and all the same components' peak area were compared between crude-sun-cured and stcam-sun-cured Chinese medicine. RESULTS: Steaming processing showed some advantatages to reserve most but not every compo-nent. CONCLUSION: Steaming processing can be applied as a superior method.

[Clinical application of minimally invasive core decompression combined with impaction bone grafting to the treatment of femoral head necrosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a simple,effective threrapeutic method for the treatment of ischemia necrosis of femoral head. METHODS: From March 2003 to April 2008, 61 hips of 55 patients, including 37 males and 18 females, aged from 12 to 55 years old (averaged 39.8), with ischemia necrosis of femoral head were treated by three methods combination of partial synovectomy, minimally invasive core decompression and impaction bone grafting. The course of diseace was from 8 months to 16 years. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to the preoperative and postoperative X-ray and Harris scoring for hip funtion. RESULTS: These 55 patients (61 hips) were followed up for from 6 mouths to 5 years (means 2.2 years). X-ray results showed that collapse or aggrevation occurenced in 39 hips,the aggravation of collapse no more than 2 mm in 11 hips,the collapse from 2 to 4 mm in 9 hips, the collapse surpassed 4 mm in 2 hips. Harris scores increased obviously from preoperative (59.74 +/- 11.56) points to postoperative (89.75 +/- 9.58) points (t = 2.3461, P < 0.05). The results were excellent in 31 hips, good in 22 hips, fair in 6 hips and poor in 2 hips. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive core decompression combined with impaction bone grafting can reduce the stress load of femoral head, stabilized the environment of femoral head,promote osteonecrotic bone rapairing and prevent effectively the femoral head form collapsing. This method can be applied to femoral head necrosis at Ficat II, III stage, especially for young and middle-age patients.