[Efficiency of different large language models in China in response to consultations about PCa-related perioperative nursing and health education].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of the four domestic language models, ERNIE Bot, ChatGLM2, Spark Desk and Qwen-14B-Chat, all with a massive user base and significant social attention, in response to consultations about PCa-related perioperative nursing and health education. METHODS: We designed a questionnaire that includes 15 questions commonly concerned by patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and 2 common nursing cases, and inputted the questions into each of the four language models for simulation consultation. Three nursing experts assessed the model responses based on a pre-designed Likert 5-point scale in terms of accuracy, comprehensiveness, understandability, humanistic care, and case analysis. We evaluated and compared the performance of the four models using visualization tools and statistical analyses. RESULTS: All the models generated high-quality texts with no misleading information and exhibited satisfactory performance. Qwen-14B-Chat scored the highest in all aspects and showed relatively stable outputs in multiple tests compared with ChatGLM2. Spark Desk performed well in terms of understandability but lacked comprehensiveness and humanistic care. Both Qwen-14B-Chat and ChatGLM2 demonstrated excellent performance in case analysis. The overall performance of ERNIE Bot was slightly inferior. All things considered, Qwen-14B-Chat was superior to the other three models in consultations about PCa-related perioperative nursing and health education. CONCLUSION: In PCa-related perioperative nursing, large language models represented by Qwen-14B-Chat are expected to become powerful auxiliary tools to provide patients with more medical expertise and information support, so as to improve the patient compliance and the quality of clinical treatment and nursing.

Unique miRNAs and their targets in tomato leaf responding to combined drought and heat stress.

BACKGROUND: Both drought and heat stress are serious global problems, leading to agricultural production loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant species responding to individual drought and heat stress. However, the miRNAs and mRNAs in association with combined drought and heat in crops like tomato remains unclear. RESULTS: We studied the crosstalk of miRNAs and their target genes in tomato plants grown under simultaneous drought and heat stress that frequently happen in field conditions. In total, 335 known miRNAs representing 55 miRNA families and 430 potential novel miRNAs were identified in Solanum lycopersicum L. using small RNA deep sequencing. Through expression analysis, miRNAs in association with drought, heat and the combination of these were investigated. In total, 61, 74 and 37 miRNAs were differentially regulated for combination (of both stresses) vs control, combination vs drought and combination vs heat, respectively. Target genes with different expression levels were found using degradome sequencing, which were mainly involved in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription, regulation of transcription, nucleus, DNA binding etc. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the accuracy of sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: Our study serves as valuable knowledge on how crop adapted to combined drought and heat stress by regulating miRNAs and mRNAs, which provide information for crop improvement to deal with future climate changes.

O-GlcNAc regulates NEDD4-1 stability via caspase-mediated pathway.

O-GlcNAc modification of cytosolic and nuclear proteins regulates essential cellular processes such as stress responses, transcription, translation, and protein degradation. Emerging evidence indicates O-GlcNAcylation has a dynamic interplay with ubiquitination in cellular regulation. Here, we report that O-GlcNAc indirectly targets a vital E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme of NEDD4-1. The protein level of NEDD4-1 is accordingly decreased following an increase of overall O-GlcNAc level upon PUGNAc or glucosamine stimulation. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) knockdown, overexpression and mutation results confirm that the stability of NEDD4-1 is negatively regulated by cellular O-GlcNAc. Moreover, the NEDD4-1 degradation induced by PUGNAc or GlcN is significantly inhibited by the caspase inhibitor. Our study reveals a regulation mechanism of NEDD4-1 stability by O-GlcNAcylation.