A novel camptothecin derivative, ZBH-01, exhibits superior antitumor efficacy than irinotecan by regulating the cell cycle.

BACKGROUND: Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a classic chemotherapeutic agent that plays an important role in the clinical treatment of metastatic colon cancer and other malignant tumors. We previously designed a series of novel irinotecan derivatives. In this study, we select one representative, ZBH-01, to investigate its sophisticated antitumor mechanism in colon tumor cells. METHODS: The cytotoxic activity of ZBH-01 on colon cancer cells was evaluate by MTT or Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, 3D and xenograft model. The inhibitory effect of ZBH-01 on TOP1 was detected by DNA relaxation assay and Immuno Complex of Ezyme (ICE) bioassay. The molecular mechanism of ZBH-01 was explored by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics analyses, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and western blot etc. RESULTS: ZBH-01 can induce obvious DNA damage and has superior antitumor activity against colon cancer cells compared to CPT-11 and SN38 (7-Ethyl-10-hydroxy camptothecin, the in vivo active form of CPT-11) both in vivo and in vitro. Its inhibitory effect on topoisomerase I (TOP1) was also comparable with these two control drugs. There are a much larger number of 842 downregulated and 927 upregulated mRNAs in ZBH-01 treatment group than that in the controls. The most significantly enriched KEGG pathways for these dysregulated mRNAs were DNA replication, the p53 signaling pathway, and the cell cycle. After constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and screening out a prominent cluster, 14 involved in the cell cycle process was identified. Consistently, ZBH-01 induced G0/G1 phase arrest in colon cancer cells, while CPT-11/SN38 caused S phase arrest. The initiation of apoptosis by ZBH-01 was also superior to CPT-11/SN38, followed by the increased expression of Bax, active caspase 3, and cleaved-PARP, and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Additionally, CCNA2 (cyclin A2), CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2), and MYBL2 (MYB proto-oncogene like 2) might be involved in the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest induced by ZBH-01. CONCLUSIONS: ZBH-01 can be an antitumor candidate drug for preclinical study in the future.

The impact of submandibular glands protection on xerostomia as monitored by diffusion-weighted imaging in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of sparing submandibular glands (SMGs) on alleviating xerostomia and the functional dynamics of the irradiated parotid glands (PGs) and sublingual glands (SLGs) by diffusion-weighted imaging. METHODS: 97 participants underwent 9 rounds of DWI scans before IC (pre-IC), pre-radiation (pre-RT), the midpoint of radiation (mid-RT), the end of radiation (post-RT), 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 (12m-RT) months following radiation. Apparent diffusion coefficient of SMGs (ADCSMG), PGs (ADCPG), and SLGs (ADCSLG), xerostomia questionnaire scores (XQ), and saliva flow rate measures under unstimulated (uSFR) and stimulated condition (sSFR) were documented. RESULTS: ADCPG, ADCSMG, ADCSLG, and XQ showed a rapid increase with a top at 3m-RT followed by regression, whereas uSFR and sSFR had the reverse trend. The change rate of ADC correlated with the dose to PGs, SMGs, and SLGs, as well as uSFR, sSFR, and XQ scores (p < 0.05 for all, except for uSFR with ADCPG (p = 0.063)). Maingroup for ADCPG, uSFR, and sSFR were significant (p values were 0.028, 0.000, 0.000 respectively); ADCPG in SMG sparing group was lower while uSFR, and sSFR were higher than those in the SMG-unsparing group. Simplegroup for ADCSMG, ADCSLG (all p < 0.05 from mid-RT to 12m-RT), and XQ (all p < 0.001 at mid-, 6m-, 9m-, and 12m-RT) were significant; ADCSMG, ADCSLG, and XQ were lower in the SMG-sparing group. CONCLUSIONS: SMG protection has a great impact on the functional retention of PGs and SLGs, resulting in alleviating xerostomia and improving quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The clinical trial was also registered with the Chinese Clinical Study Registry (registered number: ChiCTR1900024328, Date: July 6, 2019; URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=40726 ).

Impact of simplicial complexes on epidemic spreading in partially mapping activity-driven multiplex networks.

Over the past decade, the coupled spread of information and epidemic on multiplex networks has become an active and interesting topic. Recently, it has been shown that stationary and pairwise interactions have limitations in describing inter-individual interactions , and thus, the introduction of higher-order representation is significant. To this end, we present a new two-layer activity-driven network epidemic model, which considers the partial mapping relationship among nodes across two layers and simultaneously introduces simplicial complexes into one layer, to investigate the effect of 2-simplex and inter-layer mapping rate on epidemic transmission. In this model, the top network, called the virtual information layer, characterizes information dissemination in online social networks, where information can be diffused through simplicial complexes and/or pairwise interactions. The bottom network, named as the physical contact layer, denotes the spread of infectious diseases in real-world social networks. It is noteworthy that the correspondence among nodes between two networks is not one-to-one but partial mapping. Then, a theoretical analysis using the microscopic Markov chain (MMC) method is performed to obtain the outbreak threshold of epidemics, and extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are also carried out to validate the theoretical predictions. It is obviously shown that MMC method can be used to estimate the epidemic threshold; meanwhile, the inclusion of simplicial complexes in the virtual layer or introductory partial mapping relationship between layers can inhibit the spread of epidemics. Current results are conducive to understanding the coupling behaviors between epidemics and disease-related information.

A novel fixed-time stability lemma and its application in the stability analysis of BAM neural networks.

In this paper, we put forward an interesting fixed-time (FXT) stability lemma, which is based on a whole new judging condition, and the minimum upper bound for the stability start time is obtained. In the new FXT stability lemma, the mathematical relation between the upper bound of the stability start time and the system parameters is very simple, and the judgment condition only involves two system parameters. To indicate the usability of the new FXT stability lemma, we utilize it to study the FXT stability of a bidirectional associative memory neural network (BAMNN) with bounded perturbations via sliding mode control. To match the developed FXT stability lemma, novel sliding mode state variables and a two-layer sliding mode controller are designed. According to the developed FXT stability lemma, the perturbed BAMNN can achieve FXT stability under the devised sliding mode controller. The upper bound of the stability start time can be calculated easily by virtue of the control parameters, and the sufficient conditions guaranteeing that the perturbed BAMNN can achieve FXT stability have also been derived. Last, we provide some confirmatory simulations.

Adversarial and Random Transformations for Robust Domain Adaptation and Generalization.

Data augmentation has been widely used to improve generalization in training deep neural networks. Recent works show that using worst-case transformations or adversarial augmentation strategies can significantly improve accuracy and robustness. However, due to the non-differentiable properties of image transformations, searching algorithms such as reinforcement learning or evolution strategy have to be applied, which are not computationally practical for large-scale problems. In this work, we show that by simply applying consistency training with random data augmentation, state-of-the-art results on domain adaptation (DA) and generalization (DG) can be obtained. To further improve the accuracy and robustness with adversarial examples, we propose a differentiable adversarial data augmentation method based on spatial transformer networks (STNs). The combined adversarial and random-transformation-based method outperforms the state-of-the-art on multiple DA and DG benchmark datasets. Furthermore, the proposed method shows desirable robustness to corruption, which is also validated on commonly used datasets.

A Three-Dimensional ResNet and Transformer-Based Approach to Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Temporal-Spatial Data.

Anomaly detection in multivariate time series is an important problem with applications in several domains. However, the key limitation of the approaches that have been proposed so far lies in the lack of a highly parallel model that can fuse temporal and spatial features. In this paper, we propose TDRT, a three-dimensional ResNet and transformer-based anomaly detection method. TDRT can automatically learn the multi-dimensional features of temporal-spatial data to improve the accuracy of anomaly detection. Using the TDRT method, we were able to obtain temporal-spatial correlations from multi-dimensional industrial control temporal-spatial data and quickly mine long-term dependencies. We compared the performance of five state-of-the-art algorithms on three datasets (SWaT, WADI, and BATADAL). TDRT achieves an average anomaly detection F1 score higher than 0.98 and a recall of 0.98, significantly outperforming five state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods.

[Clinical study on the treatment of premature ejaculation with Nailifu Spray].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Nailifu Spray on the treatment of premature ejaculation. METHODS: A total of 90 patients were included in this study from January 1, 2022 to January 1, 2023. Nailifu spray was used to spray the surface of penile skin once a day, 2 sprays per session for 4 weeks.And the patients' premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) scores, intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), and international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) scores were collected before and after treatment, respectively. RESUTS: The median (P25,P75) PEDT scores was 16.0(15.0,18.0) scores before treatment and 10.0(10.0,10.0) scores after treatment. The median (P25,P75) of IELT was 20.0 (10.0,30.0) s before treatment and 240.0 (180.0,300.0) s after treatment. The median (P25,P75) of IIEF-5 scores was 21.0 (21.0,22.0) scores before treatment and 21.0 (21.0,21.0) scores after treatment. Compared with baseline levels, IELT was significantly longer and PEDT scores were significantly lower, with statistically significant differences. No significant changes in IIEF-5 scores were seen. CONCLUSION: Nailifu spray treatment of premature ejaculation is accurate and effective, worthy of clinical promotion.

Epigenetic Inheritance From Normal Origin Cells Can Determine the Aggressive Biology of Tumor-Initiating Cells and Tumor Heterogeneity.

The acquisition of genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities during transformation has been recognized as the two fundamental factors that lead to tumorigenesis and determine the aggressive biology of tumor cells. However, there is a regularity that tumors derived from less-differentiated normal origin cells (NOCs) usually have a higher risk of vascular involvement, lymphatic and distant metastasis, which can be observed in both lymphohematopoietic malignancies and somatic cancers. Obviously, the hypothesis of genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities is not sufficient to explain how the linear relationship between the cellular origin and the biological behavior of tumors is formed, because the cell origin of tumor is an independent factor related to tumor biology. In a given system, tumors can originate from multiple cell types, and tumor-initiating cells (TICs) can be mapped to different differentiation hierarchies of normal stem cells, suggesting that the heterogeneity of the origin of TICs is not completely chaotic. TIC's epigenome includes not only genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities, but also established epigenetic status of genes inherited from NOCs. In reviewing previous studies, we found much evidence supporting that the status of many tumor-related "epigenetic abnormalities" in TICs is consistent with that of the corresponding NOC of the same differentiation hierarchy, suggesting that they may not be true epigenetic abnormalities. So, we speculate that the established statuses of genes that control NOC's migration, adhesion and colonization capabilities, cell-cycle quiescence, expression of drug transporters, induction of mesenchymal formation, overexpression of telomerase, and preference for glycolysis can be inherited to TICs through epigenetic memory and be manifested as their aggressive biology. TICs of different origins can maintain different degrees of innate stemness from NOC, which may explain why malignancies with stem cell phenotypes are usually more aggressive.

A novel irinotecan derivative ZBH-1207 with different anti-tumor mechanism from CPT-11 against colon cancer cells.

PURPOSE: Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a camptothecin derivative whose potent anti-tumor activity depends on the rapid formation of an in vivo active metabolite, SN38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin). CPT-11 combine with other agents are often the treatment of choice for patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). This study evaluates the cytotoxic mechanism of a novel CPT-11 derivative, ZBH-1207 in CRC cells in vitro. METHODS: The anti-proliferation effect of ZBH-1207 on tumor cells was assessed by MTT assay. The inhibition of TOP1, the alteration of cell cycle and apoptosis, and the expression of caspase-3 and PARP in CRC cells induced by ZBH-1207 were detected by DNA relaxation assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: ZBH-1207 significantly inhibits the proliferation of seven tumor cell lines and retains the activity of TOP1 as compared with CPT-11. Treatment with ZBH-1207 results in more apparent cell cycle arrests and apoptosis of CRC cells than that of CPT-11 and SN38. Accordingly, up-regulation of active caspase-3 and PARP expression were relatively higher in ZBH-1207 group than that in CPT-11 and SN38 group. CONCLUSION: ZBH-1207 has higher cytotoxicity than CPT-11/SN38 in CRC cells. Its molecular mechanism involves apoptosis signaling pathway.

Coupled spreading between information and epidemics on multiplex networks with simplicial complexes.

The way of information diffusion among individuals can be quite complicated, and it is not only limited to one type of communication, but also impacted by multiple channels. Meanwhile, it is easier for an agent to accept an idea once the proportion of their friends who take it goes beyond a specific threshold. Furthermore, in social networks, some higher-order structures, such as simplicial complexes and hypergraph, can describe more abundant and realistic phenomena. Therefore, based on the classical multiplex network model coupling the infectious disease with its relevant information, we propose a novel epidemic model, in which the lower layer represents the physical contact network depicting the epidemic dissemination, while the upper layer stands for the online social network picturing the diffusion of information. In particular, the upper layer is generated by random simplicial complexes, among which the herd-like threshold model is adopted to characterize the information diffusion, and the unaware-aware-unaware model is also considered simultaneously. Using the microscopic Markov chain approach, we analyze the epidemic threshold of the proposed epidemic model and further check the results with numerous Monte Carlo simulations. It is discovered that the threshold model based on the random simplicial complexes network may still cause abrupt transitions on the epidemic threshold. It is also found that simplicial complexes may greatly influence the epidemic size at a steady state.

WSNEAP: An Efficient Authentication Protocol for IIoT-Oriented Wireless Sensor Networks.

With the development of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), industrial wireless sensors need to upload the collected private data to the cloud servers, resulting in a large amount of private data being exposed on the Internet. Private data are vulnerable to hacking. Many complex wireless-sensor-authentication protocols have been proposed. In this paper, we proposed an efficient authentication protocol for IIoT-oriented wireless sensor networks. The protocol introduces the PUF chip, and uses the Bloom filter to save and query the challenge-response pairs generated by the PUF chip. It ensures the security of the physical layer of the device and reduces the computing cost and communication cost of the wireless sensor side. The protocol introduces a pre-authentication mechanism to achieve continuous authentication between the gateway and the cloud server. The overall computational cost of the protocol is reduced. Formal security analysis and informal security analysis proved that our proposed protocol has more security features. We implemented various security primitives using the MIRACL cryptographic library and GMP large number library. Our proposed protocol was compared in-depth with related work. Detailed experiments show that our proposed protocol significantly reduces the computational cost and communication cost on the wireless sensor side and the overall computational cost of the protocol.

Optimal Security Protection Strategy Selection Model Based on Q-Learning Particle Swarm Optimization.

With the rapid development of Industrial Internet of Things technology, the industrial control system (ICS) faces more and more security threats, which may lead to serious risks and extensive damage. Naturally, it is particularly important to construct efficient, robust, and low-cost protection strategies for ICS. However, how to construct an objective function of optimal security protection strategy considering both the security risk and protection cost, and to find the optimal solution, are all significant challenges. In this paper, we propose an optimal security protection strategy selection model and develop an optimization framework based on Q-Learning particle swarm optimization (QLPSO). The model performs security risk assessment of ICS by introducing the protection strategy into the Bayesian attack graph. The QLPSO adopts the Q-Learning to improve the local optimum, insufficient diversity, and low precision of the PSO algorithm. Simulations are performed on a water distribution ICS, and the results verify the validity and feasibility of our proposed model and the QLPSO algorithm.

KIF15 upregulation promotes leiomyosarcoma cell growth via promoting USP15-mediated DEK deubiquitylation.

Kinesin Family Member 15 (KIF15) is a plus end-directed microtubule motor, which exerts complex regulations in cancer biology. This study aimed to explore the functional role of KIF15 in leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Bioinformatic analysis was carried out using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Sarcoma (SARC). LMS cell lines SK-UT-1 and SK-LMS-1 were used as in vitro cell models. Results showed that LMS patients with high KIF15 expression had significantly worse survival than the low KIF15 expression counterparts. KIF15 knockdown slowed, while KIF15 overexpression increased the proliferation of SK-UT-1 and SK-LMS-1 cells. Co-IP assay confirmed mutual interaction between endogenous KIF15 and DEK (encoded by DEK proto-oncogene). KIF15 knockdown facilitated DEK degradation, while KIF15 overexpression slowed DEK degradation. In ubiquitination assay, a significant increase in DEK polyubiquitylation was observed when KIF15 expression was suppressed. USP15 physically interacted with both DEK and KIF15 in the cells. USP15 knockdown decreased DEK protein stability and canceled KIF15-mediated DEK stabilization. USP15 overexpression enhanced DEK stability, the effect of which was impaired by KIF15 knockdown. USP15 overexpression reduced DEK polyubiquitination. USP15 knockdown increased DEK polyubiquitination and canceled the effect of KIF15 overexpression on reducing DEK polyubiquitination. DEK overexpression enhanced the proliferation of SK-UT-1 and SK-LMS-1 cells. DEK knockdown decreased cell proliferation and canceled the effect of KIF15 overexpression on cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel mechanism that KIF15 enhances LMS cell proliferation via preventing DEK protein from degradation by increasing USP15 mediated deubiquitylation.

In vitro preparation of uniform and nucleic acid free hepatitis B core particles through an optimized disassembly-purification-reassembly process.

Structure heterogeneity and host nucleic acids contamination are two major problems for virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by various host cells. In this study, an in vitro optimized disassembly-purification-reassembly process was developed to obtain uniform and nucleic acid free hepatitis B core (HBc) based VLPs from E. coli fermentation. The process started with ammonium sulfate precipitation of all heterogeneous HBc structures after cell disintegration. Then, dissolution and disassembly of pellets into basic subunits were carried out under the optimized disassembly condition. All contaminants, including host nucleic acids and proteins, were efficiently removed with affinity chromatography. The purified subunits reassembled into VLPs by final removal of the chaotropic agent. Two uniform and nucleic acid free HBc-based VLPs, truncated HBc149 and chimeric HBc183-MAGE3 I, were successfully prepared. It was found that disassembly degree of HBc-based VLPs had a great influence on the protein yield, nucleic acid removal and reassembly efficiency. 4 M urea was optimal because lower concentration would not disassemble the particles completely while higher concentration would further denature the subunits into disordered aggregate and could not be purified and reassembled efficiently. For removal of strong binding nucleic acids such as in the case of HBc183-MAGE3 I, benzonase nuclease was added to the disassembly buffer before affinity purification. Through the optimized downstream process, uniform and nucleic acid free HBc149 VLPs and HBc183-MAGE3 I VLPs were obtained with purities above 90% and yields of 55.2 and 43.0 mg/L, respectively. This study would be a reference for efficient preparation of other VLPs.

A Novel Clutter Suppression Method Based on Sparse Bayesian Learning for Airborne Passive Bistatic Radar with Contaminated Reference Signal.

The novel sensing technology airborne passive bistatic radar (PBR) has the problem of being affecting by multipath components in the reference signal. Due to the movement of the receiving platform, different multipath components contain different Doppler frequencies. When the contaminated reference signal is used for space-time adaptive processing (STAP), the power spectrum of the spatial-temporal clutter is broadened. This can cause a series of problems, such as affecting the performance of clutter estimation and suppression, increasing the blind area of target detection, and causing the phenomenon of target self-cancellation. To solve this problem, the authors of this paper propose a novel algorithm based on sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) for direct clutter estimation and multipath clutter suppression. The specific process is as follows. Firstly, the space-time clutter is expressed in the form of covariance matrix vectors. Secondly, the multipath cost is decorrelated in the covariance matrix vectors. Thirdly, the modeling error is reduced by alternating iteration, resulting in a space-time clutter covariance matrix without multipath components. Simulation results showed that this method can effectively estimate and suppress clutter when the reference signal is contaminated.

Application of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver, and its morbidity and mortality have been increasing in recent years. The early diagnosis and prompt treatment of small HCC are crucial to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. In China, hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause. HCC with a single tumor nodule of ≤ 3 cm in diameter, or HCC with a number of nodules, in which each nodule is ≤ 2 cm in diameter, with a total diameter of ≤ 3 cm, is considered as small HCC. The MRI liver-specific contrast agent can detect small HCC at the early stage. This has important clinical implications for improving the survival rate of patients. MAIN BODY: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of HBV-related small hepatocellular carcinoma, providing an important basis for the clinical selection of appropriate personalized treatment. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can reflect the degree of HCC differentiation, and the evaluation of HCC on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI would be helpful for the selection of the treatment and prognosis of HCC patients. The present study reviews the progress of the application of Gd-EOB-DTPA in the early diagnosis of small HCC, its clinical treatment, the prediction of the degree of differentiation, and the assessment of recurrence and prognosis of HCC, including the pharmacoeconomics and application limitations of Gd-EOB-DTPA. The value of the application of HCC with the Gd-EOB-DTPA was summarized to provide information for improving the quality of life and prolonging the survival of patients. CONCLUSION: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI has the diagnostic capability for small HCC with a diameter of ≤ 2 cm. This will have a broader application prospect in the early diagnosis of small liver cancer with a diameter of ≤ 1 cm in the future. The relationship between GD-EOB-DTPA-MRI and the degree of HCC differentiation has a large research space, and Gd-EOB-DTPA is expected to become a potential tool for the preoperative prediction and postoperative evaluation of HCC, which would be beneficial for more appropriate treatments for HCC patients.

Dual II Heterojunctions Metallic Phase MoS2 /ZnS/ZnO Ternary Composite with Superior Photocatalytic Performance for Removing Contaminants.

Fabricating a high-performance photocatalyst to efficiently solve serious environmental problems is an urgent affair. Herein, a series of MoS2 /ZnO composites were successfully fabricated through a facile hydrothermal route using Na2 MoO4 , (NH2 )2 CS and urchin-like ZnO as precursors. According to the results of XRD and XPS, it was found that ZnS appeared in MoS2 /ZnO composite; meanwhile, the content was positively correlated with the weight of the precursor (NH2 )2 CS. It should be noted that the morphology and the metallic phase content of MoS2 grown in situ on the surface of ZnO were affected by the molar ratio of Na2 MoO4 and ZnO. Benefiting from the special dual II heterojunctions of MoS2 /ZnS/ZnO ternary composite, the material exhibited excellent charge separation and transfer performances. In the photocatalytic measurements, the MoS2 /ZnS/ZnO (Na2 MoO4 :ZnO 1:2 MZ2) composite not only exhibits excellent photocatalytic CrVI reduction activity of 42.3×10-3  min-1 , but also displays remarkable adsorption performance (nearly 32.1 %) for Cr2 O 2 - 7 . In addition, the ternary composite shows dominant photocatalytic CrVI reduction activities compared to other photocatalysts. This work provides a high-efficient MoS2 /ZnS/ZnO ternary photocatalyst for environmental treatment.

Suppression of epidemic spreading process on multiplex networks via active immunization.

Spatial epidemic spreading, a fundamental dynamical process upon complex networks, attracts huge research interest during the past few decades. To suppress the spreading of epidemic, a couple of effective methods have been proposed, including node vaccination. Under such a scenario, nodes are immunized passively and fail to reveal the mechanisms of active activity. Here, we suggest one novel model of an observer node, which can identify infection through interacting with infected neighbors and inform the other neighbors for vaccination, on multiplex networks, consisting of epidemic spreading layer and information spreading layer. In detail, the epidemic spreading layer supports susceptible-infected-recovered process, while observer nodes will be selected according to several algorithms derived from percolation theory. Numerical simulation results show that the algorithm based on large degree performs better than random placement, while the algorithm based on nodes' degree in the information spreading layer performs the best (i.e., the best suppression efficacy is guaranteed when placing observer nodes based on nodes' degree in the information spreading layer). With the help of state probability transition equation, the above phenomena can be validated accurately. Our work thus may shed new light into understanding control of empirical epidemic control.

Multi-Object Tracking with Correlation Filter for Autonomous Vehicle.

Multi-object tracking is a crucial problem for autonomous vehicle. Most state-of-the-art approaches adopt the tracking-by-detection strategy, which is a two-step procedure consisting of the detection module and the tracking module. In this paper, we improve both steps. We improve the detection module by incorporating the temporal information, which is beneficial for detecting small objects. For the tracking module, we propose a novel compressed deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) feature based Correlation Filter tracker. By carefully integrating these two modules, the proposed multi-object tracking approach has the ability of re-identification (ReID) once the tracked object gets lost. Extensive experiments were performed on the KITTI and MOT2015 tracking benchmarks. Results indicate that our approach outperforms most state-of-the-art tracking approaches.

Precise control of agarose media pore structure by regulating cooling rate.

A porous structure is the key factor to successful chromatography separation. Agarose gel as one of the most popular porous media has been extensively used in chromatography separation. As the cooling process in the agarose gelation procedure can directly influence the pore structure, ten kinds of 4% agarose media with different cooling rates from 0.132 to 16.7°C/min were synthesized, and the pore structure was determined accurately by using low-field NMR spectroscopy. The curves of pore structure and cooling rate can be divided into two stages with the boundary of 6°C/min. In stage I, the pore structure met a power equation with the decrease of the cooling rate, and in stage II, the process reached a plateau. Confirmatory experiments proved that, by adjusting the cooling rate, a precise control of the pore structure of agarose media can be realized, furthermore, cooling rate optimization was an effective way to control the pore size of agarose media and can further tailor the pore structure for more effective separation of different proteins.