Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reaction of Indole/Pyrrole Involving HCFO-1233zd (E).

3-Indole-3-one is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and plays an important role in synthetic chemistry and biochemistry. A new method for synthesizing trifluoromethylated 3-indoleketones by Pd(0)-catalyzed carbonylation was introduced. In the absence of additives, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl (an inexpensive and environmentally friendly synthetic block of trifluoromethyl) reacts with indole and carbon monoxide to generate trifluoromethylindole ketones with good yields, regioselectivity, and chemical selectivity; furthermore, the products exhibit strong resistance to basic functional groups, such as alkynes, aldehydes, and esters. In addition to the conversion of indole compounds into corresponding products, pyrrole and heteroindole may be suitable for corresponding chemical transformations. This study provides a synthetic method for the further construction of trifluoromethylated 3-indole ketones.

The role of MAPK signaling pathway in formation of EMT in oral squamous carcinoma cells induced by TNF-α.

To study the role of MAPK signaling pathway in the development of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by inflammatory factor TNF-α. After the action of TNF-α, the expression of JNK, ERK, P38 in MAPK signaling pathway increased and the expression of E-cadherin, Claudin1 decreased significantly compared to the normal control group. After the addition of corresponding inhibitor, the expression of JNK, ERK, P38 decreased and the expression of E-cadherin, Claudin1 increased compared with TNF-α group. TNF-α regulated the role of EMT in promoting the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous carcinoma cells through MAPK signaling pathway.

Titanium-oxo cluster with 9-anthracenecarboxylate antennae: a fluorescent and photocurrent transfer material.

Attention has been paid to titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs) modified with functional molecules, because they can be considered as model systems for dye-sensitized titanium oxides in terms of their information in structures and electron transfer. We select 9-anthracenecarboxylate (9-AC) as a photoactive ligand and prepare two model compounds, [Ti6O6(O(i)Pr)6(9-AC)6] (1) and [Ti6O4(O(i)Pr)6(cat)4(9-AC)2] (2) (where cat = catecholate). Structures of the TOCs and the dye-TOC linkage are characterized by single-crystal analysis. Solvent-induced fluorescence change is observed for the cluster solution, and the fluorescence can be turned off by irradiating and on by oxygen bubbling. Photoinduced Ti(III) is responsible for the fluorescence extinction. The photocurrent conversion property of the clusters is examined by use of a three-electrode cell with cluster-coated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The results indicate that 9-AC is an effective photosensitizer and cluster 1 shows higher photocurrent intensity for its multiantenna structure in comparison with that of 2. Density of states for cluster 1 is calculated, in which the discrete energy bands of Ti6O24 include a number of new energy levels for the contribution of 9-AC molecules.

Discoid medial meniscus of both knees: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Discoid meniscus is a congenital anomaly that typically affects the lateral meniscus. The appearance of the discoid medial meniscus in both knees is extremely rare, with an incidence of only 0.012%. CASE SUMMARY: Our patient was a 30-year-old female. Under no obvious predisposing causes, she began to experience pain in both knees, which worsened while walking and squatting. The pain was aggravated after exercise, and joint flexion and extension activities were accompanied by knee snapping. Apley's test was positive on physical examination, and there was a pressing pain in the medial articular space. Plain radiographs of both knees revealed no obvious abnormalities in the bilateral knee joint space. Partial meniscectomy as well as menisci reformation were performed on both knees under arthroscopy. Under the guidance of rehabilitation, the patient's range of motion in both knees returned to normal without pain and knee snapping. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the clinical manifestations of the discoid medial meniscus injury are identical to those of the conventional medial meniscus injury, and arthroscopic surgery is effective.

[Investigation of inflammatory responses of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can activate pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) and induce inflammatory injury. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) is integrally involved in LPS signaling and has a requisite role in the activation of NF-κB. NF-κB is a key intercellular signaling event that mediates cell inflammatory responses. The aim of the study was to investigate in an in vitro model the inflammatory responses of PMVECs induced by LPS and the probable mechanism underlying the observed inflammatory responses. METHODS: The present study was performed on isolated PMVECs from Sprague-Dawley rats. After being identified, PMVECs were divided into 2 groups: a control group, and a LPS (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L) intervention group. ICAM-1, TNF-α and IL-8 were detected by ELISA or radioimmunological methods. The expression of TLR-4 mRNA was detected by real time PCR. The activation of NF-κB was detected by Western blot (proteins of I-κBα and NF-κB p65) and immunocytochemical staining (NF-κB p65). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, cytokines secreted from PMVECs-stimulated by LPS were increased in a dose-dependent manner. When stimulated with LPS 10 mg/L for 2, 6 and 12 h, cytokines measured were all increased. ICAM-1 and TNF-α were significantly increased and peaked after 2 h before gradually declining at 6 and 12 h. IL-8 was higher after 2 h, which continued up to 12 h. The expression of TLR-4 mRNA was significantly higher and peaked after 2 h and continued to 12 h (4.34 ± 1.42, 3.62 ± 1.45, 3.32 ± 1.36), which were all higher than that of the control group (1.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, NF-κB was activated at 0.5, 2, 6 and 12 h indicated by the significant degradation of IκB-α and the significant increased release of NF-κB P65 and its subsequent translocation into the nucleus with approximately synchronized. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results demonstrated that LPS was able to induce PMVECs inflammatory injury via activating TLR-4 and subsequently activating NF-κB.

[Effects of puerarin on proliferation, apoptosis and Kv1.5 gene expression of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by hypoxia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of puerarin on proliferation, apoptosis and Kv1.5 gene expression of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by hypoxia. METHODS: The rat PASMCs were divided into 5 groups: control group, hypoxia group, hypoxia plus puerarin (1 × 10(-5) mol/L) group, hypoxia plus puerarin (1 × 10(-4) mol/L) group and hypoxia plus puerarin (1 × 10(-3) mol/L) group, and cultured at 37°C for 24 h. The proliferation of rat PASMCs was detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, the activity of caspase-3 was measured with spectrophotometric method, Kv1.5 protein was detected by western blot, Kv1.5 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The cell viability and proportion of synthesis phase in control group were 0.940 ± 0.045 and 9.67% ± 1.28%, which were significantly lower than those (1.296 ± 0.034 and 18.19% ± 1.19%) in hypoxia group (P < 0.05). The Caspase-3 activity, Kv 1.5 protein and Kv 1.5 mRNA in control group were 0.1073 ± 0.0113, 0.886 ± 0.038 and 0.0377 ± 0.0031, which were significantly higher than those (0.0664 ± 0.0049, 0.602 ± 0.064 and 0.0108 ± 0.0014) in hypoxia group (P < 0.05). As compared with hypoxia group, the cell viability and proportion of synthesis phase in 3 hypoxia plus puerarin groups significantly decreased, and the Caspase-3 activity, Kv 1.5 protein and Kv 1.5 mRNA in 3 hypoxia plus puerarin groups significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Puerarin could decrease the proliferation and increase the apoptosis induced by hypoxia in rat PASMCs, and the up-regulated expression of Kv1.5 gene may be the mechanism of puerarin effects.

[Effects of vaporized perfluorocarbon therapy on seawater respiratory distress syndrome in rabbit models].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of vaporized perfluorocarbon therapy on pulmonary gas exchange and lung compliance in seawater respiratory distress syndrome rabbit models. METHODS: After induction of seawater respiratory distress syndrome by means of intratracheal injection of seawater, 24 female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) CMV group (n = 8): Animals were ventilated with equal tidal volumes of 8 ml/kg during gas ventilation for 6 h. (2) PFC group (n = 8): For the first 2 h, animals received vaporized PFC with volumes of 6 - 7 mlxkg(-1)xh(-1), followed by gas ventilation for 4 h. (3) control group (n = 8): No ventilation was administered. Physiological and blood gas data were compared among the 3 groups by analysis of variance. The right lung of each animal was cut into 2 or 3 slides which were fixed with 10% buffered formalin for pathological evaluation. RESULTS: After lung injury, the measurements of lung compliance and oxygenation became significantly worse. After vaporized PFC for 30 min, lung compliance and oxygenation improved significantly as compared to the CMV group [(2 +/- 1) mm Hg/cm H2O vs (1 +/- 0) mm Hg/cm H2O (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa, 1 cm H2O = 0.098 kPa), F = 20, P < 0.05; (158 +/- 65) mm Hg vs (74 +/- 12) mm Hg, F = 26, P < 0.05]. After PFC inhalation, the improvement of oxygenation in PFC group lasted for 4 h [(253 +/- 96) mm Hg vs (78 +/- 19) mm Hg, F = 15, P < 0.05]. The lung injury score was also decreased in the PFC group compared to the CMV group (6.9 +/- 1.6 vs 9.8 +/- 1.3, chi(2) = 22, P < 0.05). All animals in the control group died in 15 min without ventilation. CONCLUSION: Vaporized PFC improved oxygenation and lung compliance and attenuated lung injury in a rat model of seawater induced respiratory distress syndrome.

Ligament augmentation reconstruction system artificial ligaments in patellar tendon reconstruction - a chronic patellar tendon rupture after multiple operations: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Patellar tendon rupture is a rare disease, and reports regarding patellar tendon reconstruction with ligament augmentation reconstruction system (LARS) ligaments are limited, with only three reports available in the literature. LARS ligaments are made of polyethylene terephthalate and have been certified as a more favorable option than other tendon transplants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of patellar tendon reconstruction with LARS for suture fixation due to poor quality of the tendon after multiple operations to enable early mobilization and quick rehabilitation. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old woman had limited ability in extending her leg and an inability to perform a straight leg raise after multiple operations due to patella fracture. The patient underwent patellar tendon reconstruction with LARS artificial ligaments. After 12 mo of follow-up, the patient was able to perform a straight leg raise, and the incision healed well without complications. The Lysholm score was 95 and the range of motion of the knee was 0-130°. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that patellar tendon reconstruction with LARS artificial ligaments is possible in a patient with a patellar tendon rupture who required rapid postoperative recovery.

[Effects of positive end expiratory pressure ventilation upon respiratory function and hydrophobic surfactants proteins in rabbit with seawater respiratory distress syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation upon respiratory function and lung surfactant protein B (SP-B)/SP-C in seawater respiratory distress syndrome (SW-RDS) rabbit. METHODS: Twenty-four female New Zealand rabbits were randomly equally divided into three groups:conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) group, PEEP group, and control group. After anesthesia and tracheal intubation followed by 20 minutes of CMV, SW-RDS model was established by lung perfusion of artificial seawater through tracheal intubation. Then the CMV group ventilated for 6 hours (each parameter unchanged); PEEP group ventilated with PEEP of 8 cm H2O for 2 hours based on prior parameters and subsequently with CMV for 4 hours; control group without ventilation after modeling. Oxygenation indices and lung compliance were continuously monitored during ventilation. After ventilation, the rabbits in study groups were sacrificed while those dying a natural death in the control group selected. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the left lung was collected to determine the alveolar surface tension and the right lung was harvested to measure the mRNA expression of SP-B/SP-C by real-time PCR as well as SP-B protein by Western blotting. RESULTS: After modeling, the data of lung compliance and oxygenation indices became significantly worse in every group but without statistical difference in three groups. All rabbits in control group died within 15 minutes of ventilator withdrawal. After receiving PEEP ventilation for 30 minutes, these indices significantly improved compared with CMV group in which there was no significant change of the indices (P < 0.05). Minimal alveolar surface tension in CMV group (mN/m, 30.8 +/- 6.3) was greater than in PEEP group (21.1 +/- 4.4, P < 0.05) and control group (23.6 +/- 4.6, P < 0.05); SP-B/SP-C mRNA relative expression (0.37 +/- 0.15/0.60 +/- 0.19) and SP-B relative protein abundance (0.38 +/- 0.17) in CMV group were obviously lower than in PEEP group (0.73 +/- 0.15/0.92 +/- 0.40, 0.52 +/- 0.22, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PEEP ventilation can improve the oxygenation indices and lung compliance in SW-RDS animals. And such an effect is correlated with both the mRNA expressions of SP-B/SP-C and mechanical distension.

[The preventive effects of intraperitoneal injection of perfluorocarbon on acute lung injury in rat].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preventive effects of intraperitoneal injection of perfluorocarbon (PFC) on acute lung injury (ALI) in rat. METHODS: Sixty-three male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and C8F18 group. Rats in NC group were sacrificed 2 hours after anesthesia, and in LPS group and C8F18 group rats were either treated with normal saline or C8F18 15 ml/kg intraperitoneally 48 hours before LPS challenge. ALI was reproduced by intravenous injection of 7 ml/kg LPS, and the extent of lung injury was assessed by arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)) level, histological examination, right lung wet weight/body weight (W/D) ratio, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level in serum and broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 2, 4, 6 hours after injury. RESULTS: PaO(2) in LPS group and C8F18 group was significant lower than that in NC group (both P<0.05). There were no difference in PaO(2) between LPS group and C8F18 group at 2, 4, 6 hours after injury (all P>0.05). Compared with NC group, TNF-alpha level in blood and BALF increased obviously in LPS group and C8F18 group (both P<0.05). There was no significant change in content of TNF-alpha in C8F18 group BALF at 6 hours was significantly lower than that in LPS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal administration of C8F18 (15 ml/kg) can not attenuate pathological changes or improve PaO(2) in rats with ALI induced by LPS in a short time.

Effects of size and microclimate on whole-tree water use and hydraulic regulation in Schima superba trees.

BACKGROUND: Plant-water relations have been of significant concern in forestry and ecology studies in recent years, yet studies investigating the annual differences in the characteristics of inter-class water consumption in trees are scarce. METHODS: We classified 15 trees from a Schima superba plantation in subtropical South China into four ranks using diameter at breast height (DBH). The inter-class and whole-tree water use were compared based on three parameters: sap flux density, whole-tree transpiration and canopy transpiration over two years. Inter-class hydraulic parameters, such as leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, hydraulic conductance, and canopy conductance were also compared. RESULTS: (1) Mean water consumption of the plantation was 287.6 mm over a year, 165.9 mm in the wet season, and 121.7 mm in the dry season. Annual mean daily water use was 0.79 mm d-1, with a maximum of 1.39 mm d-1. (2) Isohydrodynamic behavior were found in S. superba. (3) Transpiration was regulated via both hydraulic conductance and stoma; however, there was an annual difference in which predominantly regulated transpiration. DISCUSSION: This study quantified annual and seasonal water use of a S. superba plantation and revealed the coordinated effect of stoma and hydraulic conductance on transpiration. These results provide information for large-scale afforestation and future water management.

Chinese Pediatric Reference Intervals for Serum Cortisol on IMMULITE 2000.

Clinical interpretation of the test results for cortisol based on continuous reference intervals with appropriate partitions improves pediatric diagnosis; however, these values are available only for Caucasians. To develop the pediatric reference intervals for Chinese population, we examined the serum cortisol levels in 1,143 healthy Chinese children aged 4-18 years (566 boys and 577 girls), using an IMMULITE 2000 Immunoassay System (Siemens Healthcare GmbH). Phlebotomy was performed at 7-9 a.m. for 284 boys and 287 girls and at 1-3 p.m. for the others. They were divided into four age groups according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline EP28-A3c, with the last group further stratified according to sampling time. Separate reference intervals of 49.6-323.7, 70.9-395.3, and 90.1-448.7 nmol/L were established for children aged 4-8, 9-12, and 13-15 years, respectively. Further, reference intervals of 118.2-464.7 and 71.4-446.7 nmol/L were established for morning and afternoon cortisol levels, respectively, in children aged 16-18 years. Further studies are necessary to transfer and validate these reference intervals in other analytical systems and pediatric populations, and to allow for broader applications.

Effects of miR-145 on the inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and fibrosis by targeting TNFRSF11B in human osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of functional deterioration in older adults, and altered chondrogenesis is the most common pathophysiological process involved in the development of OA. MicroRNA­145 (miR­145) has been shown to regulate chondrocyte homeostasis. However, the function of miR­145 in OA remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression levels of miR­145 were examined in cartilage specimens from 25 patients with knee OA using reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effects of miR­145 on the proliferation and fibrosis of the C­20/A4 and CH8 cell lines were also investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylth-iazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and western blot assays in vitro. The results revealed that the expression of miR-145 was decreased in the OA cartilage tissues, compared with normal cartilage tissues. The overexpression of miR­145 by transfection of cells with miR­145 mimics significantly inhibited C­20/A4 and CH8 cell proliferation and fibrosis. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (TNFRSF11B) was identified as a direct target of miR­145 in chondrocytes, which was confirmed using a dual­luciferase reporter assay. The expression level of TNFRSF11B was markedly upregulated in the patients with OA, and the ectopic expression of miR­145 was capable of suppressing the expression of TNFRSF11B. In addition, the knock down of TNFRSF11B using specific small interfering RNA also inhibited the proliferation and fibrosis of C­20/A4 and CH8 cells in vitro. These data provide the first evidence, to the best of our knowledge, to suggest the critical function of miR­145 in regulating the expression of TNFRSF11B, which may have important implications on the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and fibrosis in OA.

[Effects of aerosolized perfluorocarbon on gas exchange, respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in a swine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of aerosolized perfluorocarbon (PFC) on gas exchanges, respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in a swine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: ARDS was induced by intratracheal instillation of detergent in 16 piglets, and the animals were then randomly assigned to a PFC treated group (n = 8) and a control group (n = 8). Animals of the control group were gas-ventilated with 100% O2 (3 L/min), while those of the PFC treated group received an additional continuous aerosolized PFC at 7 - 8 ml.kg(-1).h(-1). Blood gases, average artery pressure, heart rate, platform pressure, compliance, expiratory tidal volume and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) were measured per 15 minutes. RESULTS: Detergent instillation resulted in a marked decrease in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) within 60 min, from (383 +/- 53) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to (49 +/- 12) mm Hg in the control group [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) 100%], and from (377 +/- 55) mm Hg to (56 +/- 13) mm Hg in the PFC group (FiO2 100%). After 2 h treatment, PaO2 was increased from (49 +/- 12) mm Hg to (83 +/- 51) mm Hg in the control group, compliance from (1.4 +/- 0.4) ml/cm H2O to (2.8 +/- 1.8) ml/cm H2O, and expiratory tidal volume from (30.8 +/- 5.5) ml to (50.1 +/- 4.1) ml in the control group; PaO2 from (56 +/- 13) mm Hg to (189 +/- 133) mm Hg, compliance from (1.5 +/- 0.4) ml/cm H2O to (4.1 +/- 1.4) ml/cm H2O, and expiratory tidal volume from (30.8 +/- 3.3) ml to (74.5 +/- 16.9) ml in the PFC group (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), pH values, blood pressure, heart rates, plat pressure and PEEPi during treatment (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that aerosolized PFC increases arterial oxygenation, compliance, and expiratory tidal volume in extended detergent-induced ARDS.

Vitamin D status among infants, children, and adolescents in southeastern China.

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are global public health problems, which must first be identified before they can be appropriately addressed, and yet information is strikingly lacking in most parts of the Asia and Pacific region. The study aimed to document and account for the actual situation in Wenzhou on the southeastern coast of China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels among a total of 5845 infants, preschool children, school children, and adolescents aged 1-18 years were examined between March 2014 and February 2015. RESULTS: Their mean levels were (110.2±26.8), (77.5±25.7), (55.6±15.4), and (47.2±13.9) nmol/L, respectively. Older age groups were involved in increasing risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. There were significant seasonal differences in its median level and prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency among school children and adolescents, but there was no significant sex difference in mean level and prevalence in any age group. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were prevalent among infants, preschool children, school children, and adolescents in Wenzhou. A vitamin D-rich diet and outdoor activities for 1-2 h per day under the natural conditions favorable to its endogeous synthesis do not suffice. The vitamin D status in Wenzhounese infants excelling over that in the US was the result of its supplementation thanks to the Chinese Medical Association recommendations, which should be consequently extended to more age groups. Life style shaped by socio-economic environments affects vitamin D status. Knowledge on the importance of vitamin D for healthy growth should be popularized.

[Effects of lung protective ventilation in prone or supine position on inhibiting adrenomedullin release in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by pulmonary and extra-pulmonary insults in dog].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in adrenomedullin release in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from different lung areas in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of produced dogs, by pulmonary and extra-pulmonary causes, with low tidal volume and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) treatment under supine and prone position. METHODS: Twenty-four male mongrel dogs were randomly divided into ARDSp (ARDS caused by pulmonary causes) supine group, ARDSp prone group, ARDSexp (ARDS caused by extra-pulmonary causes) supine group, and ARDSexp prone group. A detergent to cause lung injury in ARDSp dogs, and intravenous oleic acid was given in ARDSexp dogs. The results of adrenomedullin in different areas of dog's lung (upper lobe, middle lobe, and lower lobe) and arterial blood gas under lung protective ventilation treatment were measured. RESULTS: After lung injury, the arterial oxygenation index was lowered, and the levels of adrenomedullin in the upper lobe and middle lobe of ARDSp dogs were higher than that of ARDSexp dogs. After receiving low tidal volume and PEEP ventilation, the conditions of all the dogs were gradually getting ameliorated, and prone position ventilation gave better effects on lung injury dogs by inhibiting adrenomedullin release. CONCLUSION: There are statistical differences in adrenomedullin release in different lung areas between ARDSp dogs and ARDSexp dogs, and in both ARDSexp dogs and ARDSp dogs low tidal volume and PEEP treatment under prone position ventilation give better results compared to supine position.

Comparative proteomic analysis of proteins expression changes in the mammary tissue of cows infected with Escherichia coli mastitis.

Cows infected with Escherichia (E.) coli usually experience severe clinical symptoms, including damage to mammary tissues, reduced milk yield, and altered milk composition. In order to investigate the host response to E. coli infection and discover novel markers for mastitis treatment, mammary tissue samples were collected from healthy cows and bovines with naturally occurring severe E. coli mastitis. Changes of mammary tissue proteins were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and label-free proteomic approaches. A total of 95 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Of these, 56 proteins were categorized according to molecular function, cellular component, and biological processes. The most frequent biological processes influenced by the proteins were response to stress, transport, and establishment of localization. Furthermore, a network analysis of the proteins with altered expression in mammary tissues demonstrated that these factors are predominantly involved with binding and structural molecule activities. Vimentin and a-enolase were central "functional hubs" in the network. Based on results from the present study, disease-induced alterations of protein expression in mammary glands and potential markers for the effective treatment of E. coli mastitis were identified. These data have also helped elucidate defense mechanisms that protect the mammary glands and promote the pathogenesis of E. coli mastitis.

A nano-scale triangular ring cluster of indium-selenide: the structure and templating effect.

Different from the dominating supertetrahedral structure of InSe clusters, co-assembled nano-scale In33Se60 triangular ring clusters and wheel-shaped In18Se30 clusters have been found. The unusual second-sphere coordination templating effect of the Mn(dach) complexes and the central Mn(2+) ion is responsible for the formation of the triangular ring. The optical and electronic properties are discussed.

Photo-electroactive ternary chalcogenido-indate-stannates with a unique 2-D porous structure.

A lot of ternary In-Sb-Q (Q = S, Se) chalcogenido-metalates with amines or complex cations have been recently reported for their diverse structures, however, such a type of In-Sn-Q chalcogenido-metalate has been rarely announced. Herein, we report a series of 2-D In-Sn-Q compounds prepared using a metal-phenanthroline cationic template, [M(Phen)3](In2Sn2Q8)·(amine)·nH2O (M = Ni(II), Fe(II) or Co(II); amine = cyclohexylamine (Cha) or 1,6-diaminohexane (Dah); Q = S or Se). Their anions are isostructural and a 2-D porous network with large 16-tetrahedron-rings. The 2-D network joint of In-Sn-Q is a (In/Sn)3Q3 six-membered ring, which is different from the Sn3Q4 pseudosemicube of most 2-D Sn-Q binary compounds. The materials exhibit photocurrent response properties measured using a photo-electrochemical cell. The result shows that (1) the selenides exhibit more intense photocurrents than the sulfides and (2) the current intensity is related to the metal-phenanthroline cations.

Fluorescence and energy transfer properties of heterometallic lanthanide-titanium oxo clusters coordinated with anthracenecarboxylate ligands.

Two 9-anthracenecarboxylate (9-AC) coordinated heterometallic TOC compounds, [Ln2Ti10O14(ClO4)2(O(i)Pr)14(9-AC)2(CH3CN)2]·2H2O, Ln = Nd 1() and Eu (2), along with two benzoate (bza) analogues, [Ln2Ti10O14(ClO4)2(O(i)Pr)14(bza)2(HO(i)Pr)2], Ln = Nd (3) and Eu (4), were prepared by one step in situ solvothermal synthesis, and characterized by single crystal analysis. To date, only about ten lanthanum-titanium oxo clusters have been reported. Except for two Ti28 clusters, the compounds are all small clusters (Ti ≤ 4). The cluster structures of 1-4 adopt a Ti10Ln2 core structure with pseudo-Ci symmetry, which is similar to the fundamental structure of Ti12 clusters. Furthermore, except for their structures, the properties of lanthanum-titanium oxo clusters have never been studied. Herein, the fluorescence properties of these compounds are studied in detail. The metal centered emission of Eu(III) is completely quenched by 9-AC due to the lower triplet energy of the coordinated ligand. Enhanced ligand centered fluorescence is found for 2 in comparison with that of 1.