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Proviral Integrations of Moloney-2 (PIM-2) kinase is a promising target for various cancers and other diseases, and its inhibitors hold potential for treating related diseases. However, there is currently no clinically available PIM-2 inhibitor. In this study, we constructed a generative model for de novo PIM-2 inhibitor design based on artificial intelligence, performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to develop an efficient PIM-2 inhibitor generative model and discover potential PIM-2 inhibitors. First, we designed a generative model based on a Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) framework combined with a transfer learning strategy and generated a new PIM-2 small molecule library using existing active drug databases. The generated compound library was then virtually screened by molecular docking and scaffold similarity comparison, identifying 10 initial hit compounds with better performance. Next, using the inhibitor in the crystal structure as a positive control, we performed two rounds of MD simulations, with lengths of 100 ns and 500 ns, respectively, to study the dynamic stability of the protein-ligand systems of the 10 compounds with PIM-2. Analyzed the interactions with key hinge region residues, binding free energies, and changes in the ATP pocket size. The generative model demonstrates good molecular generation capability and can generate efficient novel molecules with similar physicochemical properties as active PIM-2 drugs. Among the 10 initially selected hit compounds, 5 compounds C3 (- 29.69 kcal/mol), C4 (- 33.31 kcal/mol), C5 (- 28.59 kcal/mol), C8 (- 34.68 kcal/mol), and C9 (- 25.88 kcal/mol) have higher binding energies with PIM-2 than the positive drug 3YR (- 26.18 kcal/mol). The MD simulation results are consistent with the docking analysis, these compounds have lower and more stable RMSD values for the complex systems with the reported positive drug 3YR and PIM-2 complex system. They can form long-term stable interactions with active site and the hinge region of PIM-2, which suggests these compounds are likely to have potent inhibitory effects on PIM-2. This study provides an efficient generative model for PIM-2 inhibitor research and discovers 5 potential novel PIM-2 inhibitors.
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Minimization of open-circuit-voltage ( VOC) loss is required to transcend the efficiency limitations on the performance of organic photovoltaics (OPV). We study charge recombination in an OPV blend comprising a polymer donor with a small molecule nonfullerene acceptor that exhibits both high photovoltaic internal quantum efficiency and relatively high external electroluminescence quantum efficiency. Notably, this donor/acceptor blend, consisting of the donor polymer commonly referred to as PCE10 with a pseudoplanar small molecule acceptor (referred to as FIDTT-2PDI) exhibits relatively bright delayed photoluminescence on the microsecond time scale beyond that observed in the neat material. We study the photoluminescence decay kinetics of the blend in detail and conclude that this long-lived photoluminescence arises from radiative nongeminate recombination of charge carriers, which we propose occurs via a donor/acceptor CT state located close in energy to the singlet state of the polymer donor. Additionally, crystallographic and spectroscopic studies point toward low subgap disorder, which could be beneficial for low radiative and nonradiative losses. These results provide an important demonstration of photoluminescence due to nongeminate charge recombination in an efficient OPV blend, a key step in identifying new OPV materials and materials-screening criteria if OPV is to approach the theoretical limits to efficiency.
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The +6 oxidation state of iron generally exists in the form of ferrate(VI) with high redox potential and environmentally friendly nature. Although ferrate(VI) has been known for over a century, its chemistry is still limited to the solvent-based reactions that suffers from the insolubility/instability of this oxidant and the environmental issues caused by hazardous solvents. Herein, we explore the solvent-free reactivity of ferrate(VI) under mechanical milling, revealing that its strong oxidizing power is accessible in the "dry" solid state towards a broad variety of substrates, for example, aromatic alcohols/aldehydes and carbon nanotubes. More significantly, solvent-free mechanochemistry also reshapes the oxidizing ability of ferrate(VI) due to the underlying solvent-free effect and the promotive mechanical actions. This study opens up a new chemistry of ferrate(VI) with promising application in green oxidative transformation of both organic and inorganic substrates.
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Two series of fused benzimidazoles were synthesized via a facile, one-pot procedure under microwave irradiation. This procedure generated the desired products in high yields and could provide a useful synthetic platform with potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
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Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Micro-Ondas , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Cianetos/química , Piridinas/químicaRESUMO
By studying the regio- and chemoselectivity of fluoro-substituted thienothiophene and benzodithiophene copolymers, we found polymers made from conventional one-pot polycondensation reaction consist of two distinctly different segments with a ratio of 0.36/0.64. Through further comparative studies of neat regioregular polymers based on each individual segment, we have identified the specific segment that contributes to the superior absorption, packing order, and charge mobility in the corresponding polymers. The unique structure-property relationships are the result of cooperative molecular arrangements of the key segment and noncovalent interaction between the fluoro group and the aromatic proton on the thiophene side-chain of the polymers.
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This study aims to explore the probable mechanism of better result of dural reconstruction by CO2 laser soldering and the effect of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or transforming growth factor-beta1(TGFß1) on wound healing. In part I of the study, ten minipigs were randomized into two equal groups, and the dural defects were reconstructed by conventional fibrin glue (FG) bonding (group I a) or by CO2 laser soldering (group Ib). In part II, 36 minipigs were randomized into three equal groups, and the dural defect was reconstructed by CO2 laser soldering; then exogenous bFGF or TGFß1 was administered in group IIb and group IIc, respectively, while group IIa served as control group. The dural specimens were harvested at 1st week postoperatively in part I; and at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week postoperatively in part II, they were examined for healing condition and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with antibodies against bFGF and TGFß1. In part I, group Ib showed higher fibroblast cell density than group Ia (P < 0.05). The optical density (OD) for IHC staining with antibodies against bFGF of group Ib was significantly higher than that of group Ia (P < 0.05), and for IHC staining with antibodies against TGFß1, group Ib showed positive staining while group Ia was negative. In part II, administering exogenous bFGF or TGFß1 made a left shift of fibroblast cell number-time curve compared with control group. For specimens' IHC staining with antibodies against bFGF, the OD of group IIb was higher than that of group IIa in the corresponding time. For specimens' IHC staining with antibodies against TGFß1, the OD of groups IIb and IIc was both higher than that of group IIa (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, CO2 laser may trigger fibroblast proliferation through stimulating the secretion of bFGF and TGFß1. Topically administering exogenous bFGF or TGFß1 could accelerate the healing of the reconstructed dura by enhancing secretion of bFGF and/or TGFß1 and promoting the process of fibroblast gathering-degrading.
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Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/farmacologia , Lasers de Gás , Crânio/efeitos dos fármacos , Crânio/efeitos da radiação , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/farmacologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Anticorpos/metabolismo , Contagem de Células , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Crânio/patologia , Suínos , Porco MiniaturaRESUMO
Due to the slow diffusion of photovoltaic molecules, in particular, small-molecule acceptors (SMAs), under light and heating, the morphology of the active layer in organic solar cells (OSCs) prefers to deviate from the favorably metastable status, leading to the challenge of stability during long-term operation. Employing materials with a high glass transition temperature (Tg) as the third component to suppress molecular diffusion is an efficient method to achieve the balance of efficiency and stability of OSCs. Herein, a dimerized small-molecule acceptor denoted as F6D is synthesized by introducing a polyfluoride moiety as the linker to enhance the Tg. Benefitting from a rational molecular design, F6D not only exhibits a higher Tg, complementary absorption, and cascade energy levels with the host materials of the polymer donor PM6 and the SMA Y6 but also has excellent miscibility and multiple intermolecular interactions with Y6. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.52% is achieved in the optimal PM6:Y6:F6D-based device. More importantly, the ternary device exhibits superior stability under continuous heating and lighting compared with the binary device.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to delineate the key characteristics of eyelid neoplasms in central and southern coastal China and to explore potential factors affecting tumour development. METHODS: This was a retrospective, multicentre observational study. In total, 1302 cases of eyelid neoplasms diagnosed in 2 tertiary hospitals were reviewed from January 2013 to May 2023. Histogenesis, pathologic diagnosis, and potential risk factors were investigated, and the findings were compared with data from various regions and countries. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates, time trends, distributions across age groups, and the relationship with the Sociodemographic Index, latitude, and altitude were calculated. RESULTS: There were 1162 benign (89.2%) and 140 malignant (10.8%) cases, representing 63 pathologic types. The median age of benign cases (50 years) was significantly lower than that of malignant cases (72 years) (P < 0.05). The most common benign and malignant lesions were intradermal nevus (28.83%) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (74.29%). A relatively younger median age (68 years) for sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) was observed, with a male preponderance (sex ratio 2:1). Analyses of the proportions of BCC, SGC, and squamous cell carcinoma in eyelid malignancies revealed significant regression equations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most eyelid neoplasms are of epithelial and melanocytic origin, with benign tumours being predominant. The regions with greater Sociodemographic Index exhibit a greater incidence of BCC and a lower incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and SGC. BCC appears to have a greater incidence in regions located at higher latitudes.
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Rational molecular design and suitable device engineering are two important strategies to boost the efficiencies in organic solar cells (OSCs). Yet these two approaches are independently developed, while their synergy is believed to be more productive. Herein, a branched polyfluoride moiety, heptafluoroisopropoxyl group, is introduced into the side chains of conjugated polymers for the first time. Compared with the conventional alkyl chain, this polyfluoride chain can endow the resulting polymer namely PF7 with highly packing order and strong crystallinity owing to the strong polarization and fluorine-induced interactions, while good solubility and moderate miscibility are retained. As a result, PF7 comprehensively outperforms the state-of-the-art polymer PM6 in photovoltaic properties. More importantly, based on the solubility of heptafluoroisopropoxyl groups in fluorous solvents, a new post-treatment denoted as fluorous solvent vapor annealing (FSVA) is proposed to match PF7. Differing from the existing post-treatments, FSVA can selectively reorganize fluoropolymer molecules but less impact small molecules in blend films. By employing the synergy of fluoropolymer and fluorous solvent, the device achieves a remarkable efficiency of 19.09%, which is among the best efficiencies in binary OSCs. The polymer PF7 and the FSVA treatment exhibit excellent universality in various OSCs with different material combinations or device architectures.
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We report the synthesis of a novel ladder-type fused ring donor, dithienogermolodithiophene, in which two thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units are held coplanar by a bridging dialkyl germanium. Polymerization of this extended monomer with N-octylthienopyrrolodione by Stille polycondensation afforded a polymer, pDTTG-TPD, with an optical band gap of 1.75 eV combined with a high ionization potential. Bulk heterojunction solar cells based upon pDTTG-TPD:PC(71)BM blends afforded efficiencies up to 7.2% without the need for thermal annealing or processing additives.
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Fontes de Energia Elétrica , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Polímeros/química , Energia Solar , Estrutura Molecular , Polimerização , Polímeros/síntese químicaRESUMO
We propose VQ-NeRF, a two-branch neural network model that incorporates Vector Quantization (VQ) to decompose and edit reflectance fields in 3D scenes. Conventional neural reflectance fields use only continuous representations to model 3D scenes, despite the fact that objects are typically composed of discrete materials in reality. This lack of discretization can result in noisy material decomposition and complicated material editing. To address these limitations, our model consists of a continuous branch and a discrete branch. The continuous branch follows the conventional pipeline to predict decomposed materials, while the discrete branch uses the VQ mechanism to quantize continuous materials into individual ones. By discretizing the materials, our model can reduce noise in the decomposition process and generate a segmentation map of discrete materials. Specific materials can be easily selected for further editing by clicking on the corresponding area of the segmentation outcomes. Additionally, we propose a dropout-based VQ codeword ranking strategy to predict the number of materials in a scene, which reduces redundancy in the material segmentation process. To improve usability, we also develop an interactive interface to further assist material editing. We evaluate our model on both computer-generated and real-world scenes, demonstrating its superior performance. To the best of our knowledge, our model is the first to enable discrete material editing in 3D scenes.
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Objectives: Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists (Tirofiban) are often used as antiplatelet agents in patients undergoing interventional therapy due to acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular diseases. Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, with an incidence of 1%-5%, whereas acute profound thrombocytopenia (platelet count<20 × 109/L) is extremely rare. We reported a case of acute profound thrombocytopenia due to tirofiban treatment to inhibit platelet aggregation during and after surgery in a patient who underwent stent-assisted embolization for ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Case presentation: A 59-year-old female patient, who visited the Emergency Department of our hospital due to sudden headache, vomiting, and unconsciousness for 2 hours. Neurological examination: the patient was unconscious, the pupils on both sides had the same roundness, and the reflection on light was slow. The Hunt-Hess grade was IV. Head CT showed subarachnoid hemorrhage and Fisher's score was 3. We immediately implemented LVIS stent-assisted embolization, intraoperative heparinization, and intraoperative jailing technology to perform dense embolism on aneurysms. The patient was treated with mild hypothermia and Tirofiban 5mL/h intravenous pump. Since then, the patient had developed acute profound thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: We reported a case of acute profound thrombocytopenia due to tirofiban treatment during and after interventional therapy. For patients after unilateral nephrectomy, we should pay more attention to avoid the occurrence of thrombocytopenia caused by abnormal metabolism of tirofiban, although the Laboratory examination showed normal results.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of drip and ship (DS) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by comparing three treatment strategies: 1) patients seen at a primary stroke center, started on emergency intravenous thrombolysis and then transported to a comprehensive stroke center (drip and ship, DS); 2) patients immediately transferred to comprehensive stroke center without starting intravenous thrombolysis, for mechanical thrombectomy (non-drip and ship, non-DS); and 3) patients admitted directly to the comprehensive stroke center for assessment and subsequent bridging thrombolysis (mothership, MS). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients that underwent mechanical thrombectomy for AIS from November 2020 to May 2022 at our institution. Patients were divided into three groups: DS, non-DS, and MS. Time course, multimodal CT features and clinical results were compared among the three groups. Results: The study included 62 patients, with 19, 18, and 25 patients in DS, non-DS, and MS groups, respectively. Baseline characteristics did not differ among the three groups. The DS group had a significantly longer median onset to groin time than the MS group (395 min vs 244 min; P < 0.001), a significantly shorter onset to primary stroke center time than the non-DS group (90 min vs 463 min; P < 0.001), and a longer primary stroke center to groin puncture time than the non-DS group (277 min vs 162 min; P = 0.002). The onset to needle time was longer in the MS group than the DS group (151.2 min vs 111.8 min; P = 0.041). The intravenous thrombolysis to puncture time was shorter in the MS group compared with DS (56 min vs 278 min; P < 0.001). No significant differences were present among groups in post-operative variables measured. Conclusions: DS is a safe and effective method, with no increased risk of postoperative complications or death compared to non-DS and MS methods. The study provides a reference for the selection of transport modes for AIS patients.
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BACKGROUND: At present, neurointerventional surgery requires angiographers to perform operations in the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) room. Ionising radiation and chronic joint damage are still unavoidable for angiographers. Therefore, we researched and developed a neurointerventional robot-assisted system, which is operated by angiographers in an operating room outside the DSA room. We have conducted a prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a robot-assisted system in human cerebral angiography. In the future, this research will provide a platform for the research and development of an intelligent surgical system and bring revolutionary progress in neurointerventional surgery. METHODS: From December 2020 to December 2021, 260 patients were enrolled from three medical centres, who were randomly and equally divided into a robot-assisted system group and a clinical routine cerebral angiography group. The success rate of angiography, the rate of the catheter reaching the target vessel, the operation time, X-ray radiation exposure and the incidence of related adverse events were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 257 patients completed this trial; baseline characteristics of the two groups did not differ significantly. The success rate of angiography in both the control group and the experimental group was 100%. The rate of the catheter reaching the target vessel was 99.23% and 100.00% in the control and experimental groups, respectively. For the control versus experimental groups, the angiographic operation time was 48.59±25.60 min versus 47.94±27.49 min, respectively; the X-ray radiation dose was 735.01±554.77 mGy versus 821.65±705.45 mGy, respectively; and the incidence of adverse events was 23.44% versus 22.48%, respectively. No statistical differences were present between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The robot-assisted surgical system is more convenient for cerebral angiography and is as safe and effective as the traditional cerebral angiography.
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Near-infrared electron acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs) mostly contain electron-withdrawing 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC) end groups, which can be modified by but limited to phenyl, thienyl, and naphthyl units with halogenated, methyl, and methyloxy substitution. In this work, we employed an imide-containing unit to construct a new IC end group, based on which a series of new electron acceptors were synthesized. The strong electron-deficient nature of imide units enables the new acceptors to show efficient intramolecular charge transfer and hence red-shifted absorption spectra compared to their IC counterparts. These new electron acceptors were applied to OSCs, providing efficiencies of over 17% with a low voltage loss of 0.52 eV. These results demonstrate that the new imide-containing end groups are promising fragments for the construction of near-infrared electron acceptors for high-performance OSCs.
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Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is involved in regulating the biological behavior of tumors, and could become a promising potential biomarker in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We used the expression of ferroptosis related genes in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) datasets to construct a prognostic prediction model and verified the expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using TCGA genomic and epigenetic data, we analyzed the factors that regulate the expression of these ferroptosis related genes. Results: We used 15 ferroptosis related genes related to the prognosis of GBM to establish a prognostic predictive risk model. The area under the curve (AUC) of this model was 0.907, which had good utility in predicting the prognosis of GBM, and could be used as an independent prognostic indicator for GBM patients. We verified the expression of these risk genes by RT-qPCR in 30 independent pairs of tumors and adjacent tissues. Genomic and epigenetic analysis of risk genes found that the expressions of these genes were mainly regulated by methylation, not copy number variation in GBM. Conclusions: The ferroptosis related characteristics proposed in this study can potentially predict the prognosis of GBM patients, and these prognostic-related genes are generally regulated by methylation.
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Organic optoelectronic devices exhibit distinctive photoresponse to the near-infrared (NIR) light and show great potential in many fields. However, the optoelectronic properties of the existing devices hardly meet the technical requirements of new applications such as energy conversion and health sensing, thus raising the demand to develop high-performance NIR organic semiconductors. To address this issue, a new NIR material, namely, BFIC, is designed and synthesized by inserting fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene (FTT) as a π-bridge. Since the introduction of FTT can extend the conjugation, stabilize the quinoid resonant structure, and enhance the intramolecular charge transfer, BFIC displays a broad and intense absorption in the NIR region, ranging from 700 to 1050 nm. As a result, the organic solar cell based on BFIC and a polymer donor PTB7-Th realizes a power conversion efficiency of 10.38%. The semitransparent organic solar cell (OSC) shows a power conversion efficiency of 6.15%, accompanied by an average visible transmittance of 38.79% due to the selective photoresponse in the NIR range. The organic photodetector based on PTB7-Th:BFIC delivers a broad spectral response ranging from 330 to 1030 nm with a specific detectivity over 1013 Jones under the self-powered mode, which is one of the highest detectivities among the broad-band organic photodetectors.
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AIM: Whether or not use of intravenous alteplase in combination with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) improves outcomes versus EVT alone, for acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion presenting directly to a comprehensive stroke center, is uncertain. METHODS: Six randomized trials exploring this issue were published, and we synthesized this evidence to inform a rapid guideline based on the Guidelines International Network principles and guided by the GRADE approach. RESULTS: We enlisted an international panel that included 4 patient partners and 1 caregiver, individuals from 6 countries. The panel considered low certainty evidence that EVT alone, relative to EVT with intravenous alteplase, possibly results in a small decrease in the proportion of patients that achieve functional independence and possibly a small increase in mortality. Both effect estimates were downgraded twice due to very serious imprecision. The panel also considered moderate certainty evidence that EVT alone probably decreases symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, versus EVT with alteplase, and combination therapy was more costly than EVT alone. As a result of the low certainty for improved recovery without impairment and mortality for combination therapy versus EVT alone, and moderate certainty for increased harm with combination therapy, the panel made a weak recommendation in favor of EVT alone for stroke patients eligible for both treatments, and initially presenting directly to a comprehensive stroke center that provides both treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with this weak recommendation, optimal patient management will likely often include co-treatment with intravenous alteplase, depending on local circumstances and patient presentation.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimentos Endovasculares , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Trombectomia/métodos , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The immune response within the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumorigenesis and determines the clinical outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, to date, very limited robust and reliable immunological biomarkers have been developed that are capable of estimating prognosis in HNSCC patients. In this study, we aimed to identify the effects of novel immune-related gene signatures (IRGs) that can predict HNSCC prognosis. Based on gene expression profiles and clinical data of HNSCC patient cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, a total of 439 highly variable expressed immune-related genes (including 239 upregulated and 200 downregulated genes) were identified by using differential gene expression analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these immune-related differentially expressed genes were enriched in inflammatory functions. After process screening in the training TCGA cohort, six immune-related genes (PLAU, STC2, TNFRSF4, PDGFA, DKK1, and CHGB) were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) based on the LASSO Cox regression model. Integrating these genes with clinicopathological features, a multivariable model was built and suggested better performance in determining patients' OS in the testing cohort, and the independent validation cohort. In conclusion, a well-established model encompassing both immune-related gene signatures and clinicopathological factors would serve as a promising tool for the prognostic prediction of HNSCC.
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Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with near-infrared (NIR) absorption show promising advantages in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, only a few NFAs can extend the absorption spectra over 1000 nm, and their photovoltaic performance has been unsatisfactory so far. To address this issue, three new NFAs, namely, 6-IFIC, 6-IF2F, and 6-IF4F, were synthesized by simultaneously introducing π-bridge units and different end groups. The π-bridge unit enlarges the conjugation and planarizes the molecular geometry, leading to intense absorption in the NIR range. The asymmetric configuration provides a large dipole moment, enhances the intermolecular interaction, and tunes the miscibility, consequently being beneficial for achieving a favorable morphology in OSCs. When blended with a donor polymer PTB7-Th, the 6-IF2F-based OSC yields the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.20%, which is among the highest PCEs based on NFAs with absorption over 1000 nm. More importantly, the absorption of the blend film provides a transparency window in the visible range from 400 and 650 nm. Therefore, the semitransparent OSCs based on these three NFAs can achieve over 28% average visible transmittance.