Embryo sac development relies on symplastic signals from ovular integuments in Arabidopsis.

Ovules are female reproductive organs of angiosperms, consisting of sporophytic integuments surrounding female gametophytes, that is, embryo sacs. Synchronization between integument growth and embryo sac development requires intracellular communication. However, signaling routes through which cells of the two generations communicate are unclear. We report that symplastic signals through plasmodesmata (PDs) of integuments are critical for the development of female gametophytes. Genetic interferences of PD biogenesis either by functional loss of CHOLINE TRANSPORTER-LIKE1 (CTL1) or by integument-specific expression of a mutated CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 (cals3m) compromised PD formation in integuments and reduced fertility. Close examination of pINO:cals3m or ctl1 ovules indicated that female gametophytic development was either arrested at various stages after the formation of functional megaspores. In both cases, defective ovules could not attract pollen tubes, leading to the failure of fertilization. Results presented here demonstrate a key role of the symplastic route in sporophytic control of female gametophytic development.

NIR-Triggered Thermosensitive Nanoreactors for Dual-Guard Mechanism-Mediated Precise and Controllable Cancer Chemo-Phototherapy.

Thermosensitive nanoparticles can be activated by externally applying heat, either through laser irradiation or magnetic fields, to trigger the release of drug payloads. This controlled release mechanism ensures that drugs are specifically released at the tumor site, maximizing their effectiveness while minimizing systemic toxicity and adverse effects. However, its efficacy is limited by the low concentration of drugs at action sites, which is caused by no specific target to tumor sties. Herein, hyaluronic acid (HA), a gooey, slippery substance with CD44-targeting ability, was conjugated with a thermosensitive polymer poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) to produce tumor-targeting and thermosensitive polymeric nanocarrier (HA-P) with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) at 45 °C, which further coloaded chemo-drug doxorubicin (DOX) and photosensitizer Indocyanine green (ICG) to prepare thermosensitive nanoreactors HA-P/DOX&ICG. With photosensitizer ICG acting as the "temperature control element", HA-P/DOX&ICG nanoparticles can respond to temperature changes when receiving near-infrared irradiation and realize subsequent structure depolymerization for burst drug release when the ambient temperature was above 45 °C, achieving programmable and on-demand drug release for effective antitumor therapy. Tumor inhibition rate increased from 61.8 to 95.9% after laser irradiation. Furthermore, the prepared HA-P/DOX&ICG nanoparticles possess imaging properties, with ICG acting as a probe, enabling real-time monitoring of drug distribution and therapeutic response, facilitating precise treatment evaluation. These results provide enlightenment for the design of active tumor targeting and NIR-triggered programmable and on-demand drug release of thermosensitive nanoreactors for tumor therapy.

Pyramiding of triple Clubroot resistance loci conferred superior resistance without negative effects on agronomic traits in Brassica napus.

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is becoming a serious threat to rapeseed (Brassica napus) production worldwide. Breeding resistant varieties using CR (clubroot resistance) loci is the most promising solution. Using marker-assisted selection and speed-breeding technologies, we generated Brassica napus materials in homozygous or heterozygous states using CRA3.7, CRA08.1, and CRA3.2 loci in the elite parental line of the Zhongshuang11 background. We developed three elite lines with two CR loci in different combinations and one line with three CR loci at the homozygous state. In our study, we used six different clubroot strains (Xinmin, Lincang, Yuxi, Chengdu, Chongqing, and Jixi) which are categorized into three groups based on our screening results. The newly pyramided lines with two or more CR loci displayed better disease resistance than the parental lines carrying single CR loci. There is an obvious gene dosage effect between CR loci and disease resistance levels. For example, pyramided lines with triple CR loci in the homozygous state showed superior resistance for all pathogens tested. Moreover, CR loci in the homozygous state are better on disease resistance than the heterozygous state. More importantly, no negative effect was observed on agronomic traits for the presence of multiple CR loci in the same background. Overall, these data suggest that the pyramiding of triple clubroot resistance loci conferred superior resistance with no negative effects on agronomic traits in Brassica napus.

A Prospective Self-controlled Clinical Trial of Nonactivated Low Leukocyte PRP in Female Pattern Hair Loss Patients of Childbearing Age.

BACKGROUND: Alopecia significantly affects the mental health and social relationship of women since childbearing age, highlighting the need for a safe, effective, and convenient treatment. METHODS: The authors have conducted a prospective self-controlled trial involving 15 female patients at childbearing age with alopecia. These patients received a subcutaneous scalp injection of platelet-rich plasma once every 4 weeks for 3 treatments in total. Outcome measurements were included below: changes in hair density (hair/cm2), hair follicle density (hair follicle/cm2), and overall photographic assessment (improved or not) at 4, 12, and 24 weeks right after the first treatment. RESULTS: Comparing the photographs taken before and after the intervention, 67% of patients' hair density increased from 151 ± 39.82 hairs/cm2 (preintervention) to 170.96 ± 37.14 hairs/cm2 (at 24-week follow-up), representing an approximate increase of 19 hairs/cm2. Meanwhile, hair follicle density increased by approximately 15 follicles/cm2 after 24 weeks since the first treatment, rising from 151.04 ± 41.99 follicles/cm2 to 166.72 ± 37.13 follicles/cm2. The primary adverse reactions observed were local swelling and pain due to injections. CONCLUSION: Local injection of nonactivated platelet-rich plasma with low leukocytes concentration could be an effective strategy to alleviate alopecia symptoms in female patients.

Efficacy of Tailor-Made Notched Music Training Versus Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Adults With Chronic Subjective Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic subjective tinnitus can have a serious effect on daily life, even causing serious psychological disorders. Currently there are no specific effective solutions or cures. Tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT) is a recently proposed sound therapy that has simpler processes and a higher compliance rate than tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), a widely used treatment for chronic subjective tinnitus. This study explores the therapeutic effect of TMNMT in comparison to TRT to highlight its clinical value. DESIGN: The study was a randomized controlled, single-blinded clinical trial. One hundred twenty eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive TMNMT (n = 60) or TRT (n = 60) for 3 mo with concurrent follow-up. It should be noted that the duration of sound treatment in TRT was modified to 2 hr per day for better feasibility in practice. The primary outcome was mean change in tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) measured at baseline ( T0 ), 1 mo ( T1 ) and 3 mo ( T2 ) after intervention. Change in visual analog scale (VAS) was measured as a secondary outcome. A comparison of therapeutic effectiveness between TMNMT and TRT was evaluated by repeated measure analysis of variance. RESULTS: One hundred and twelve (93%) of participants took part in the study, of which 64 were men and 48 women. Mean (SD) age was 42.80 (12.91) years. Fifty-eight were allocated to receive TMNMT and 54 to receive TRT. The between-group difference in primary outcome was -6.90 points (95% confidence interval [CI], -13.53 to -0.27) at T1 and -6.17 points (95% CI, -13.04 to 0.71) at T2 . These results closely reached to clinical significance of tinnitus-related effective relief. For the secondary outcome, the mean value in the TMNMT group was 0.83 points (95% CI, 0.12 to 1.54), significantly lower than the mean value of the TRT group. The differences in THI and VAS between the two groups were statistically significant after intervention. Further analysis showed that age and baseline THI and VAS scores were associated with change in THI and VAS scores after interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Both TMNMT and TRT were able to alleviate chronic subjective tinnitus effectively after a 3 month intervention. When the two forms of therapy were compared TMNMT appeared to be more effective and consequently potentially superior to TRT for reducing tinnitus loudness and functional and emotional disturbance associated with chronic subjective tinnitus.

Intervening in hnRNPA2B1-mediated exosomal transfer of tumor-suppressive miR-184-3p for tumor microenvironment regulation and cancer therapy.

BACKGROUND: Despite being a common malignant tumor, the molecular mechanism underlying the initiation and progression of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) remain unclear. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often polarized into a pro-tumor phenotype and are associated with a poor prognosis of TNBCs. Exosomes, important mediators of cell-cell communication, can be actively secreted by donor cells to reprogram recipient cells. The functions and molecular mechanisms of tumor cell-derived exosomes in TNBCs progression and TAMs reprogramming urgently need to be further explored. RESULTS: We demonstrated that tumor cell-derived exosomes enriched with miR-184-3p were taken up by macrophages to inhibit JNK signaling pathway by targeting EGR1, thereby inducing M2 polarization of macrophages and synergistically promoting tumor progression. Nanoparticles loaded with oncogene c-Myc inhibitor JQ1 could suppress the polarization process by reducing Rac1-related exosome uptake by macrophage. More importantly, it was found for the first time that tumor-suppressive miR-184-3p was actively sorted into exosomes by binding to RNA-binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1), thus facilitating tumor cell proliferation and metastasis by relieving the inhibitory effect of miR-184-3p on Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1). Overexpressing miR-184-3p in tumor cells and simultaneously knocking down hnRNPA2B1 to block its secretion through exosomes could effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that hnRNPA2B1-mediated exosomal transfer of tumor-suppressive miR-184-3p from breast cancer cells to macrophages was an important mediator of TNBCs progression, providing new insights into TNBCs pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.

R gene triplication confers European fodder turnip with improved clubroot resistance.

Clubroot is one of the most important diseases for many important cruciferous vegetables and oilseed crops worldwide. Different clubroot resistance (CR) loci have been identified from only limited species in Brassica, making it difficult to compare and utilize these loci. European fodder turnip ECD04 is considered one of the most valuable resources for CR breeding. To explore the genetic and evolutionary basis of CR in ECD04, we sequenced the genome of ECD04 using de novo assembly and identified 978 candidate R genes. Subsequently, the 28 published CR loci were physically mapped to 15 loci in the ECD04 genome, including 62 candidate CR genes. Among them, two CR genes, CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4, were functionally validated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4 originated from a common ancestor before the whole-genome triplication (WGT) event. In clubroot susceptible Brassica species, CR-gene homologues were affected by transposable element (TE) insertion, resulting in the loss of CR function. It can be concluded that the current functional CR genes in Brassica rapa and non-functional CR genes in other Brassica species were derived from a common ancestral gene before WGT. Finally, a hypothesis for CR gene evolution is proposed for further discussion.

All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Doxorubicin Delivery by Folic Acid Modified Polymeric Micelles for the Modulation of Pin1-Mediated DOX-Induced Breast Cancer Stemness and Metastasis.

Stemness and metastasis are the two main challenges in cancer therapy and are related to disease relapse post-treatment. They both have a strong correlation with chemoresistance and poor prognosis, ultimately leading to treatment failure. It has been reported that chemotherapy can induce stemness and metastasis in many cancer types, especially treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer. A combination treatment is an efficient and elegant approach in cancer therapy through simultaneous delivery of two or more drugs with a delivery system for its synergistic effect, which is not an additive of two individual drugs. Herein, we report a combinatorial system with DOX and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to address both of the above issues. As a common critical regulatory factor for oncogenic signal transduction pathways, Pin1 is a specific isomerase highly expressed within various tumor cells. ATRA, a newly identified Pin1 inhibitor, can abolish several oncogenic pathways by effectively inhibiting and degrading overexpressed Pin1. We successfully developed a folic acid (FA)-modified chitosan (CSO)-derived polymer (FA-CSOSA) and obtained FA-CSOSA/DOX and FA-CSOSA/ATRA drug-loaded micelles. FA modification can improve the uptake of the nanoparticles in tumor cells and tumor sites via folate receptor-mediated cell internalization. Compared to treatment with DOX alone, the combined treatment induced 4T1 cell apoptosis in a synergistic manner. Reduced stemness-related protein expression and inhibited metastasis were observed during treatment with FA-CSOSA/DOX and FA-CSOSA/ATRA and were found to be associated with Pin1. Further in vivo experiments showed that treatment with FA-CSOSA/DOX and FA-CSOSA/ATRA resulted in 85.5% tumor inhibition, which was 2.5-fold greater than that of cells treated with DOX·HCl alone. This work presents a new paradigm for addressing chemotherapy-induced side effects via degradation of Pin1 induced by tumor-targeted delivery of DOX and ATRA.

pH-Responsive Biomimetic Polymeric Micelles as Lymph Node-Targeting Vaccines for Enhanced Antitumor Immune Responses.

Lymph nodes are proposed as the intriguing target in cancer immunotherapy, and cellular immunity is vital for vaccines to fight against cancer. However, inefficient delivery of vaccines to lymph nodes and deficient lysosomal escape of antigens result in weak cellular immunity, which restrains the strength of vaccines in inducing antitumor immune responses. Hence, dendritic cell membrane (DCM)/histidine-modified stearic acid-grafted chitosan (HCtSA)/ovalbumin (OVA) micelles, as pH-responsive biomimetic vaccines, were fabricated to target lymph nodes and induce cellular immunity for enhanced antitumor immune responses. DCM/HCtSA/OVA micelles exhibited pH-dependent antigen release behavior, which resulted in efficient escape of antigens from dendritic cell (DC) lysosomes. Besides, DCM/HCtSA/OVA micelles accumulated and reserved in the lymph nodes, which ensured effective uptake by DCs. Importantly, DCM/HCtSA/OVA micelles induced potent T cell immune responses, promoted secretion of antitumor-related cytokines, and notably inhibited tumor growth. Overall, DCM/HCtSA/OVA micelles exhibit great potential in targeted immunotherapy and can provide guidance for the design of vaccines.

Controlled Release of Spirotetramat Using Starch-Chitosan-Alginate-Encapsulation.

This study was intended to develop an environment-friendly controlled release system for spirotetramat in an alginate matrix. Four formulations, starch-chitosan-calcium alginate (SCCA), starch-calcium alginate (SCA), chitosan-calcium alginate (CCA), and calcium alginate (CA) complex gel beads, were prepared by the extrusion-exogenous gelation method. The properties of the formulations were studied. The results showed that the release behaviors of the formulations in water could be well described by the logistic model, and the release occurred through Fickian diffusion. Among the four formulations, SCCA showed the highest entrapment efficiency, drug loading and the slowest release rate. Degradation studies revealed that the SCCA formulation exhibited an obvious slower degradation rate of spirotetramat in soils than the commercially available formulation. The estimated half-life of the SCCA formulation was 2.31, 3.25, and 4.51 days in waterloggogenic paddy soil, purplish soil, and montmorillonite, respectively, when the soils were moistened to 60% of its dry weight. This study provided a possible approach to prolong the duration of spirotetramat and to reduce environmental contamination.

Asymmetric exponential amplification reaction on a toehold/biotin featured template: an ultrasensitive and specific strategy for isothermal microRNAs analysis.

The sensitive and specific analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) without using a thermal cycler instrument is significant and would greatly facilitate biological research and disease diagnostics. Although exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) is the most attractive strategy for the isothermal analysis of miRNAs, its intrinsic limitations of detection efficiency and inevitable non-specific amplification critically restrict its use in analytical sensitivity and specificity. Here, we present a novel asymmetric EXPAR based on a new biotin/toehold featured template. A biotin tag was used to reduce the melting temperature of the primer/template duplex at the 5' terminus of the template, and a toehold exchange structure acted as a filter to suppress the non-specific trigger of EXPAR. The asymmetric EXPAR exhibited great improvements in amplification efficiency and specificity as well as a dramatic extension of dynamic range. The limit of detection for the let-7a analysis was decreased to 6.02 copies (0.01 zmol), and the dynamic range was extended to 10 orders of magnitude. The strategy enabled the sensitive and accurate analysis of let-7a miRNA in human cancer tissues with clearly better precision than both standard EXPAR and RT-qPCR. Asymmetric EXPAR is expected to have an important impact on the development of simple and rapid molecular diagnostic applications for short oligonucleotides.

Achieving stable Zn metal anode via a hydrophobic and Zn2+-conductive amorphous carbon interface.

High security and low cost enable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with huge application potential in large-scale energy storage. Nevertheless, the loathsome dendrite and side reactions of Zn anode are harmful to the cycling lifespan of AZIBs. Here, a new type of thin amorphous carbon (AC) interface layer (∼100 nm in thickness) is in-situ constructed on the Zn foil (Zn@AC) via a facile low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (LTCVD) method, which owns a hydrophobic peculiarity and a high Zn2+ transference rate. Moreover, this AC coating can homogenize the surface electric field and Zn2+ flux to realize the uniform deposition of Zn. Consequently, dendrite growth and side reactions are concurrently mitigated. Symmetrical cell achieves a dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping over 500 h with a low overpotential of 31 mV at 1 mA cm-2/1 mAh cm-2. Of note, the full cell with a MnO2/CNT cathode harvests a capacity retention of 70.0 % after 550 cycles at 1 A/g. In addition, the assembled flexible quasi-solid-state AZIBs display a stable electrochemical performance under deformation conditions and maintain a capacity of 76.5 mAh/g at 5 A/g after 300 cycles. This innovative amorphous carbon layer is expected to provide a new insight into stabilizing Zn anode.

Exploring urinary modified nucleosides as biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy: Development and validation of a ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.

The dynamic modification of RNA plays a crucial role in biological regulation and is strongly linked to human disease development and progression. Notably, modified nucleosides in urine have shown promising potential as early diagnostic biomarkers for various conditions. In this study, we developed and validated a rapid, sensitive, and accurate UPLC-MS/MS method for quantifying eight types of modified nucleosides (N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methyluridine (m5U), 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (τm5s2U), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), 2'-O-methylcytidine (Cm), N1-methylguanosine (m1G), and N7-methylguanosine (m7G) in human urine. Using the method, we measured the urinary concentrations of m1A, m6A, m5U, τm5s2U, m5C, Cm, m1G, and m7G in a total of 21 control individuals and 23 patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Cm levels showed promise as a diagnostic marker for diabetic retinopathy (DR), with a significant value (P < 0.01) and an AUC of 0.735. Other modified nucleosides also exhibited significant differences within specific subpopulations. As non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) signifies the latent early stage of diabetic retinopathy, we developed a multivariate linear model that integrates patients' sex, age, height, and urinary concentration of modified nucleosides which aims to predict and differentiate between healthy individuals, NPDR patients, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. Encouragingly, the model achieved satisfactory accuracy rates: healthy (81%), NPDR (75%), and PDR (80%). Our findings provide valuable insights into the development of an early, cost-effective, and noninvasive diagnostic approach for diabetic retinopathy.

1064nm Nd:YAG laser promotes chondrocytes regeneration and cartilage reshaping by upregulating local estrogen levels.

Cartilage is frequently used as a scaffolds for repairing and reconstructing body surface organs. However, after successful plastic surgery, transplanted cartilage scaffolds often exhibit deformation and absorption over time. To enhance the shaping stability of cartilage scaffolds and improve patients' satisfaction after reconstructions, we employed the ear folding models in New Zealand rabbits to confirm whether the 1064nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser could promote cartilage reshaping. There was an increase in collagen and aromatase (Cyp19) expression within the ear cartilage after laser treatment. Moreover, we have found that the Cyp19 inhibitor can inhibit the laser's effect on cartilage shaping and reduce collagen and Cyp19 expression. The overall findings suggest that treatment with 1064nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation can enhance estrogen levels in local cartilage tissues by upregulating Cyp19 expression in chondrocytes through photobiomodulation, thereby promoting the proliferation and collagen secretion of chondrocytes to improve cartilage reshaping and stability.

Multiomics analysis of a resistant European turnip ECD04 during clubroot infection reveals key hub genes underlying resistance mechanism.

The clubroot disease has become a worldwide threat for crucifer crop production, due to its soil-borne nature and difficulty to eradicate completely from contaminated field. In this study we used an elite resistant European fodder turnip ECD04 and investigated its resistance mechanism using transcriptome, sRNA-seq, degradome and gene editing. A total of 1751 DEGs were identified from three time points after infection, among which 7 hub genes including XTH23 for cell wall assembly and two CPK28 genes in PTI pathways. On microRNA, we identified 17 DEMs and predicted 15 miRNA-target pairs (DEM-DEG). We validated two pairs (miR395-APS4 and miR160-ARF) by degradome sequencing. We investigated the miR395-APS4 pair by CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing, the result showed that knocking-out APS4 could lead to elevated clubroot resistance in B. napus. In summary, the data acquired on transcriptional response and microRNA as well as target genes provide future direction especially gene candidates for genetic improvement of clubroot resistance on Brassica species.

A study on the performance, structure, composition, and release behavior changes of polybutylene adipate terephthalic acid (PBAT) film during food contact.

Polybutylene adipate terephthalic acid (PBAT) is an emerging biodegradable material in food packaging. However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential hazards it could pose to food safety. In this study, the changes of PBAT films during food contact and the release of small molecules were inestigated by a multiscale approach. On a macro-scale, the surface roughness of the films increased with the reduction in the concentration of food simulants and the increase in contact temperatures, especially after immersion in acidic food environments. On a micro-scale, the crystallinity (Xc) and degradation indexes (DI) of the films increased by 5.7-61.2% and 7.8-48.6%, respectively, which led to a decrease in thermal stability. On a scale approaching the molecular level, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with the highest migration content, and the release behavior of 2,4-DTBP was further investigated by migration kinetics. In addition, terephthalic acid (TPA), a hydrolysis product of PBAT, was detected in acidic food environments by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results of this study could provide practical guidance and assistance to promote sustainable development in the field of food packaging.

Indomethacin restrains cytoplasmic nucleic acid-stimulated immune responses by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF3.

The recognition of cytosolic nucleic acid triggers the DNA/RNA sensor-IRF3 axis-mediated production of type I interferons (IFNs), which are essential for antiviral immune responses. However, the inappropriate activation of these signaling pathways is implicated in autoimmune conditions. Here, we report that indomethacin, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits nucleic acid-triggered IFN production. We found that both DNA- and RNA-stimulated IFN expression can be effectively blocked by indomethacin. Interestingly, indomethacin also prohibits the nuclear translocation of IRF3 following cytosolic nucleic acid recognition. Importantly, in cell lines and a mouse model of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, indomethacin administration blunts self-DNA-induced autoimmune responses. Thus, our study reveals a previously unknown function of indomethacin and provides a potential treatment for cytosolic nucleic acid-stimulated autoimmunity.

Serving organization goals by organizational information dissemination: An empirical study from the Communist Youth League of China.

From the perspective of news topic modeling, this paper investigated how the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC) uses organizational information communication to serve organizational goals-"Keep the Party Assured and the Youth Satisfied" (", "). Using the Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm, we performed a topic analysis on 1898 news articles published on the CYLC website. We discovered that nearly all of the CYLC's news centered on the achievement of its organizational goals, reflecting the characteristics of information dissemination that is highly supportive of organizational objectives. We discovered distinct differences in the dissemination of organizational information between the central, provincial, municipal, county, and school league committees through cluster analysis. The various league organizations have distinct positioning and distinguishing characteristics. In addition, correlation analysis reveals that higher-level league organizations prioritize the dissemination of "Keep the Party Assured" information. While lower-level organizations gradually implement "Keep the Youth Satisfied" initiatives. This paper fills a gap in research on mass organizations in the field of information dissemination and serves as a resource for other political organizations involved in public information dissemination.

Natural and biocompatible dressing unit based on tea carbon dots modified core-shell electrospun fiber for diabetic wound disinfection and healing.

Wound infection and healing in patients with diabetes is one of the complex problems in trauma treatment. Therefore, designing and preparing an advanced dressing membrane for treating the wounds of such patients is essential. In this study, a zein film with biological tea carbon dots (TCDs) and calcium peroxide (CaO2) as the main components for promoting diabetic wound healing was prepared by an electrospinning technique, which combines the advantages of natural degradability and biosafety. CaO2 is a biocompatible material with a microsphere structure that reacts with water to release hydrogen peroxide and calcium ions. TCDs with a small diameter were doped in the membrane to mitigate its properties while improving the antibacterial and healing effects of the membrane. TCDs/CaO2 was mixed with ethyl cellulose-modified zein (ZE) to prepare the dressing membrane. The antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and wound-healing properties of the composite membrane were investigated by antibacterial experiment, cell experiment and a full-thickness skin defect. TCDs/CaO2 @ZE exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and wound healing-promoting properties in diabetic rats, without any cytotoxicity. This study is meaningful in developing a natural and biocompatible dressing membrane for diabetic wound healing, which shows a promising application in wound disinfection and recovery in patients with chronic diseases.

Recognizing zeolite topologies for Cu2+ localizations with effective activities for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide.

Cu-loaded zeolites are widely investigated in selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide, but effects of zeolite topologies on formed active species and the changing tendency remain unexplored. In this work, catalytic turnover frequencies (TOF) of Cu loaded ZSM-5, Beta, MOR, and SSZ-13 were first determined. The topology-localized Cu species in these zeolites were analyzed by temperature-programmed reduction of H2. Then Multiple Linear Regression distinguished TOF contributions (kj, s-1·mol-1) of the Cu species. Density functional theory calculated NH3 dehydrogenation energy of the Cu species. As a result, topologies with more node atoms showed bigger kj and lower dehydrogenation energies simultaneously. The best topology in each zeolite was 10-membered ring (ZSM-5), 6-membered ring facing a 12-membered ring (Beta), 8-membered ring (MOR), and cha cage (SSZ-13). Moreover, cha cage-localized Cu2+ exhibited the largest kj and the lowest dehydrogenation energy among all the Cu species. This work reveals topology-catalysis relationships in the zeolite, which benefits zeolite design for enhanced catalytic performances.